Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Lilja 21’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 587-8.
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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
[1] Heimr: Heinr 720a VIII
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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hvat (pron.): what
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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til (prep.): to
[1] til: so 720a VIII, 99a, 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892, om. Bb
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ráð (noun n.; °-s; -): advice, plan, control, power
[1] ráða ‘to follow one’s counsel, to rule, to interpret, to lead’: Many of the meanings of this verb seem apt here. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) translates hvilken udvej er der ‘what way out is there’?
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hvar (adv.): where
[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.
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hvar (adv.): where
[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.
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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love
[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] gietr ‘is to be found’: Gieta is impers. here (see Eiríkur Magnússon 1870, 109). — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.
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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love
[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] gietr ‘is to be found’: Gieta is impers. here (see Eiríkur Magnússon 1870, 109). — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.
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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love
[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] gietr ‘is to be found’: Gieta is impers. here (see Eiríkur Magnússon 1870, 109). — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.
[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’
[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’
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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’
[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’
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1. bjarga (verb; °bergr (biærgr Alk619 77⁹; biargr ÓH619 119¹); barg, burgu; borginn): to save, preserve
[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.
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1. bjarga (verb; °bergr (biærgr Alk619 77⁹; biargr ÓH619 119¹); barg, burgu; borginn): to save, preserve
[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.
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1. hvergi (adv.): nowhere
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því (adv.): therefore, because
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4. at (conj.): that
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synð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): sin
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saurgun (noun f.; °saurganar): [defilement]
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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true
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sannliga (adv.): truly
[4] sannliga: so 99a, 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892, sannar það að Bb, sannar 720a VIII
[4] að hverr þyngir annan ‘that each weighs down the other’: The idea here is that each of Adam’s and Eve’s progeny compels the one who comes after to sin or necessitates that he or she will sin.
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4. at (conj.): that
[4] að: so 99a, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892, om. Bb, en 720a VIII, 622
[4] að hverr þyngir annan ‘that each weighs down the other’: The idea here is that each of Adam’s and Eve’s progeny compels the one who comes after to sin or necessitates that he or she will sin.
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2. þvinga (verb): oppress, afflict
[4] að hverr þyngir annan ‘that each weighs down the other’: The idea here is that each of Adam’s and Eve’s progeny compels the one who comes after to sin or necessitates that he or she will sin.
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1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second
[4] annan: annar 4892
[4] að hverr þyngir annan ‘that each weighs down the other’: The idea here is that each of Adam’s and Eve’s progeny compels the one who comes after to sin or necessitates that he or she will sin.
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2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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til (prep.): to
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[5] er: om. 720a VIII, 99a, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
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skulu (verb): shall, should, must
[5] skal: vil 99a, 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 4892
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víta (verb): reproach, destroy
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2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
[6] á: ave 720a VIII, að 99a, 622
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
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2. gráta (verb): weep
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frammi (adv.): forth
[6] að standa frammi ‘to stand forth’: That is, to step forward in a court of law to receive a sentence (JH).
[6] að standa frammi ‘to stand forth’: That is, to step forward in a court of law to receive a sentence (JH).
[6] að standa frammi ‘to stand forth’: That is, to step forward in a court of law to receive a sentence (JH).
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4. at (conj.): that
[7] attú ‘that you’: The rhyme requires the pronunciation attú, but Bb has the unassimilated ‘ath þu’.
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
[7] attú ‘that you’: The rhyme requires the pronunciation attú, but Bb has the unassimilated ‘ath þu’.
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sjalfr (adj.): self
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2. inn (art.): the
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
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duga (verb; °dugir; dugði; dugat): help, befit
[8] dugir: so 99a, 622, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892, dugi Bb
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nú (adv.): now
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ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
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lífga (verb): stimulate, revive
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1. verða (verb): become, be
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The world is dead, and what remedy is there? Where is to be found the one who can save himself? Nowhere, because in the defilement of sins truly [it is] that each weighs down the other. There is one thing to be done, that which I shall attest — I must stand forth weeping —, that you yourself, the dear Lord, will now help mankind, so that it may be revived.
The theme and diction of this st. (dauðr ‘dead’, bjarga ‘save’, saurgan synda ‘defilement of sins’) are reminiscent of st. 76.
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