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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon Lil 21VII

Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Lilja 21’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 587-8.

Anonymous PoemsLilja
202122

Heinr ‘’

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Heimr ‘The world’

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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world

[1] Heimr: Heinr 720a VIII

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dauðr ‘dead’

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2. dauðr (adj.): dead

[1] dauðr: dauði 720a VIII

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en ‘and’

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2. en (conj.): but, and

[1] en: om. 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892

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hvað ‘what’

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hvat (pron.): what

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til ‘there’

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til (prep.): to

[1] til: so 720a VIII, 99a, 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892, om. Bb

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ráða ‘remedy’

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ráð (noun n.; °-s; -): advice, plan, control, power

notes

[1] ráða ‘to follow one’s counsel, to rule, to interpret, to lead’: Many of the meanings of this verb seem apt here. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) translates hvilken udvej er der ‘what way out is there’?

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Hvar ‘Where’

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hvar (adv.): where

notes

[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.

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Hvar ‘Where’

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hvar (adv.): where

notes

[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.

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gietr ‘is to be found’

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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love

notes

[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] gietr ‘is to be found’: Gieta is impers. here (see Eiríkur Magnússon 1870, 109). — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.

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gietr ‘is to be found’

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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love

notes

[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] gietr ‘is to be found’: Gieta is impers. here (see Eiríkur Magnússon 1870, 109). — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.

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gietr ‘is to be found’

(not checked:)
2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love

notes

[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] gietr ‘is to be found’: Gieta is impers. here (see Eiríkur Magnússon 1870, 109). — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.

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þann ‘the one’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

notes

[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’

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er ‘who’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[2] er: at 99a

notes

[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’

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sier ‘himself’

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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)

notes

[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’

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megi ‘can’

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mega (verb): may, might

[2] megi: má Vb, 41 8°ˣ

notes

[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’

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bjarga ‘save’

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1. bjarga (verb; °bergr (biærgr Alk619 77⁹; biargr ÓH619 119¹‡); barg, burgu; borginn): to save, preserve

notes

[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.

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bjarga ‘save’

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1. bjarga (verb; °bergr (biærgr Alk619 77⁹; biargr ÓH619 119¹‡); barg, burgu; borginn): to save, preserve

notes

[2]: Cf. Ps. LXXXVIII.49: quis est vir qui vivat et non videat mortem salvans animam suam de manu inferi semper ‘who is the man that shall live, and not see death: that shall deliver his soul from the hand of hell?’ — [2] hvar getr … bjarga ‘where is [to be found] … save’: The rhyme is between hvar g- and bjarg-.

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Hvergi ‘Nowhere’

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1. hvergi (adv.): nowhere

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því ‘because’

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því (adv.): therefore, because

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‘’

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4. at (conj.): that

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í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

[3] í: om. Vb

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synda ‘of sins’

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synð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): sin

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saurgan ‘the defilement’

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saurgun (noun f.; °saurganar): [defilement]

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sannliga ‘truly’

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sannliga (adv.): truly

[4] sannliga: so 99a, 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892, sannar það að Bb, sannar 720a VIII

notes

[4] það sannar ‘it is proved, that proves’: Skj B and Skald adopt the majority mss’ reading sannliga ‘truly’ here and give the whole l. as sannliga hverr at þyngir annan ‘truly the one weighs down the other’.

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hverr ‘each’

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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every

[4] hverr: hvern 720a VIII

notes

[4] að hverr þyngir annan ‘that each weighs down the other’: The idea here is that each of Adam’s and Eve’s progeny compels the one who comes after to sin or necessitates that he or she will sin.

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‘that’

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4. at (conj.): that

[4] að: so 99a, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892, om. Bb, en 720a VIII, 622

notes

[4] að hverr þyngir annan ‘that each weighs down the other’: The idea here is that each of Adam’s and Eve’s progeny compels the one who comes after to sin or necessitates that he or she will sin.

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þvingar ‘’

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2. þvinga (verb): oppress, afflict

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þyngir ‘weighs down’

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1. þyngja (verb): [weighs down]

[4] þyngir: þvingar Vb, 41 8°ˣ

notes

[4] að hverr þyngir annan ‘that each weighs down the other’: The idea here is that each of Adam’s and Eve’s progeny compels the one who comes after to sin or necessitates that he or she will sin.

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annan ‘the other’

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1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second

[4] annan: annar 4892

notes

[4] að hverr þyngir annan ‘that each weighs down the other’: The idea here is that each of Adam’s and Eve’s progeny compels the one who comes after to sin or necessitates that he or she will sin.

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er ‘There is’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

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til ‘to be done’

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til (prep.): to

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er ‘which’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[5] er: om. 720a VIII, 99a, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892

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skal ‘shall’

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skulu (verb): shall, should, must

[5] skal: vil 99a, 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 4892

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víta ‘’

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víta (verb): reproach, destroy

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vátta ‘attest’

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vátta (verb): affirm, attest

[5] vátta: víta 720a VIII

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ave ‘’

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ave: hail

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á ‘must’

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2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have

[6] á: ave 720a VIII, að 99a, 622

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grátandi ‘weeping’

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2. gráta (verb): weep

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frammi ‘forth’

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frammi (adv.): forth

notes

[6] að standa frammi ‘to stand forth’: That is, to step forward in a court of law to receive a sentence (JH).

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‘’

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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)

[6] að: om. 622, Vb

notes

[6] að standa frammi ‘to stand forth’: That is, to step forward in a court of law to receive a sentence (JH).

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standa ‘stand’

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standa (verb): stand

[6] standa: standi 622

notes

[6] að standa frammi ‘to stand forth’: That is, to step forward in a court of law to receive a sentence (JH).

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at ‘that’

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4. at (conj.): that

notes

[7] attú ‘that you’: The rhyme requires the pronunciation attú, but Bb has the unassimilated ‘ath þu’.

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‘you’

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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

notes

[7] attú ‘that you’: The rhyme requires the pronunciation attú, but Bb has the unassimilated ‘ath þu’.

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sjálfr ‘yourself’

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sjalfr (adj.): self

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inn ‘the’

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2. inn (art.): the

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dugir ‘help’

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duga (verb; °dugir; dugði; dugat): help, befit

[8] dugir: so 99a, 622, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892, dugi Bb

notes

[8] dugi ‘will help’: Bb has the verb in the 3rd pers. pres. subj., but the indic. is preferable from the point of view of context (so Skj B and Skald): the poet will testify that God will help people.

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‘now’

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nú (adv.): now

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svá ‘so that’

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svá (adv.): so, thus

[8] svá: svá að 622, 705ˣ

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lífguð ‘revived’

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lífga (verb): stimulate, revive

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verði ‘it may be’

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1. verða (verb): become, be

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Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

The theme and diction of this st. (dauðr ‘dead’, bjarga ‘save’, saurgan synda ‘defilement of sins’) are reminiscent of st. 76.

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