Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Lilja 20’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 586-7.
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1. remma (noun f.; °-u): [bitterness]
[1] remman brast ‘the bitterness sprang forth’: Cf. ONP: bresta A.3. The verb bresta is used of things that spring forth after having been pent up: flóð brestr í hlíð ‘a river bursts down a mountainside or over a cliff’, kelda brestr upp ‘a well springs forth’, blóð brestr út ‘blood gushes out’ (JH).
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1. bresta (verb; °brestr; brast, brustu; brostinn): burst, split
[1] remman brast ‘the bitterness sprang forth’: Cf. ONP: bresta A.3. The verb bresta is used of things that spring forth after having been pent up: flóð brestr í hlíð ‘a river bursts down a mountainside or over a cliff’, kelda brestr upp ‘a well springs forth’, blóð brestr út ‘blood gushes out’ (JH).
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brot (noun n.; °-s; -): piece, fragment
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kvistr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ir, acc. -i/-u): twig, branch
[1] kvistu: kvistum 99a, 713, 705ˣ, 4892, kvisti Vb, 41 8°ˣ
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2. renna (verb): run (strong)
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2. þá (adv.): then
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glœpr (noun m.): sin, misdeed
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af (prep.): from
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
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til (prep.): to
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1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second
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2. leiða (verb; -dd): lead; (-sk) grow tired
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svá (adv.): so, thus
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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
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1. um (prep.): about, around
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langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long
[3] langan: langa 720a VIII, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 4892
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tíma (verb): [time]
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líf (noun n.; °-s; -): life
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andvani (adj.; °indecl.): deprived, bereft
[4] andvani: andvana 99a, 622, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 4892
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2. fullr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): full, complete
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af (prep.): from
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grand (noun n.): injury
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létta (verb): to relieve, lighten
[5] Liettir: ‘leittir’ Bb, lietti 720a VIII, 99a, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892
[5] hvorki ugg nie ótta liettir ‘neither dread nor fear lets up’: The verb is impers. with the nouns in the acc. case; cf. LP: létta 2.
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hvargi (adv.): [Neither, wherever]
[5] hvorki ugg nie ótta liettir ‘neither dread nor fear lets up’: The verb is impers. with the nouns in the acc. case; cf. LP: létta 2.
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uggr (noun m.; °dat. -): fear
[5] hvorki ugg nie ótta liettir ‘neither dread nor fear lets up’: The verb is impers. with the nouns in the acc. case; cf. LP: létta 2.
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né (conj.): nor
[5] hvorki ugg nie ótta liettir ‘neither dread nor fear lets up’: The verb is impers. with the nouns in the acc. case; cf. LP: létta 2.
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ótti (noun m.; °-a): fear
[5] hvorki ugg nie ótta liettir ‘neither dread nor fear lets up’: The verb is impers. with the nouns in the acc. case; cf. LP: létta 2.
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eirinn (adj.): °peaceful, mild
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2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone
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eptir (prep.): after, behind
[6] eftir: eitt er 99a, 622, en eitt er Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 4892, eirna 705ˣ
[6] eftir mest en þó er að lesti ‘yet the worst is what comes at the last’: Eiríkur Magnússon’s glossary renders the idiom ‘that is yet the most, the worst, which follows sin’ (1870, 107).
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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
[6] eftir mest en þó er að lesti ‘yet the worst is what comes at the last’: Eiríkur Magnússon’s glossary renders the idiom ‘that is yet the most, the worst, which follows sin’ (1870, 107).
[6] eftir mest en þó er að lesti ‘yet the worst is what comes at the last’: Eiríkur Magnússon’s glossary renders the idiom ‘that is yet the most, the worst, which follows sin’ (1870, 107).
[6] eftir mest en þó er að lesti ‘yet the worst is what comes at the last’: Eiríkur Magnússon’s glossary renders the idiom ‘that is yet the most, the worst, which follows sin’ (1870, 107).
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[6] þó er að: þar á 720a VIII, þó er á 622, 713
[6] eftir mest en þó er að lesti ‘yet the worst is what comes at the last’: Eiríkur Magnússon’s glossary renders the idiom ‘that is yet the most, the worst, which follows sin’ (1870, 107).
[6] eftir mest en þó er að lesti ‘yet the worst is what comes at the last’: Eiríkur Magnússon’s glossary renders the idiom ‘that is yet the most, the worst, which follows sin’ (1870, 107).
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lesti (noun n.): end, the last
[6] eftir mest en þó er að lesti ‘yet the worst is what comes at the last’: Eiríkur Magnússon’s glossary renders the idiom ‘that is yet the most, the worst, which follows sin’ (1870, 107).
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burðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/-i; -ir): birth
[7] búið: burð 720a VIII
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bǫl (noun n.; °-s, dat. bǫlvi): evil
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bjóða (verb; °býðr; bauð, buðu; boðinn (buð- Thom¹ 5²n.)): offer, order, invite
[8] bauð: og bauð 99a
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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
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fram (adv.): out, forth, forwards, away
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
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dauði (noun m.; °-a; -ar): death
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The bitterness sprang forth from root to twigs; then sin ran from one to the next; the world proceeded thus for a long time, devoid of life and full of injury. Neither dread nor fear lets up, yet the worst is what comes at the last; gaping hell, provided with misfortune, presented itself at each man’s death.
[8]: Note the past tense of the statement: before salvation was made possible by Christ, all were ultimately doomed to hell.
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