Eskál Vell 27I
Edith Marold (ed.) 2012, ‘Einarr skálaglamm Helgason, Vellekla 27’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 317.
Vasat ‘It was not’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
í ‘’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
gegn ‘’
(not checked:)
2. gegn (prep.): against
þótt ‘although’
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þótt (conj.): although
gerði ‘made’
(not checked:)
1. gera (verb): do, make
garð ‘of the fence’
(not checked:)
garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard < garðrǫgnir (noun m.)garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yardgarðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard
kennings
geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-onslaught → BATTLE
the fence of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the Rǫgnir of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
notes
[2, 4] geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir ‘the Rǫgnir <= Óðinn> of the fence of the spear-onslaught [(lit. ‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’) BATTLE > SHIELD > WARRIOR = Hákon jarl]’: That the kenning refers to Hákon jarl is suggested by her þeira ‘their host’, which probably refers to the army of Otto II; see Note to l. 4.
garð ‘of the fence’
(not checked:)
garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard < garðrǫgnir (noun m.)garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yardgarðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard
kennings
geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-onslaught → BATTLE
the fence of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the Rǫgnir of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
notes
[2, 4] geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir ‘the Rǫgnir <= Óðinn> of the fence of the spear-onslaught [(lit. ‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’) BATTLE > SHIELD > WARRIOR = Hákon jarl]’: That the kenning refers to Hákon jarl is suggested by her þeira ‘their host’, which probably refers to the army of Otto II; see Note to l. 4.
raknir ‘’
rǫknir ‘’
Rǫgnir ‘the Rǫgnir’
(not checked:)
Rǫgnir (noun m.): the Rǫgnir < garðrǫgnir (noun m.)
[2] Rǫgnir: ‘rǫknir’ 61, ‘raknir’ 54, Bb
kennings
geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-onslaught → BATTLE
the fence of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the Rǫgnir of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
notes
[2, 4] geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir ‘the Rǫgnir <= Óðinn> of the fence of the spear-onslaught [(lit. ‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’) BATTLE > SHIELD > WARRIOR = Hákon jarl]’: That the kenning refers to Hákon jarl is suggested by her þeira ‘their host’, which probably refers to the army of Otto II; see Note to l. 4.
styr ‘attack’
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styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle
harðan ‘a hard’
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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
gengiligt ‘easy’
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gengiligr (adj.): [easy]
at ‘to’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
ganga ‘go’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
geir ‘of the spear’
(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear < geirrás (noun f.)
[4] geirrásar: ‘geírra sár’ Bb
kennings
geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-onslaught → BATTLE
the fence of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the Rǫgnir of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
notes
[2, 4] geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir ‘the Rǫgnir <= Óðinn> of the fence of the spear-onslaught [(lit. ‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’) BATTLE > SHIELD > WARRIOR = Hákon jarl]’: That the kenning refers to Hákon jarl is suggested by her þeira ‘their host’, which probably refers to the army of Otto II; see Note to l. 4.
geir ‘of the spear’
(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear < geirrás (noun f.)
[4] geirrásar: ‘geírra sár’ Bb
kennings
geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-onslaught → BATTLE
the fence of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the Rǫgnir of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
notes
[2, 4] geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir ‘the Rǫgnir <= Óðinn> of the fence of the spear-onslaught [(lit. ‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’) BATTLE > SHIELD > WARRIOR = Hákon jarl]’: That the kenning refers to Hákon jarl is suggested by her þeira ‘their host’, which probably refers to the army of Otto II; see Note to l. 4.
geir ‘of the spear’
(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear < geirrás (noun f.)
[4] geirrásar: ‘geírra sár’ Bb
kennings
geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-onslaught → BATTLE
the fence of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the Rǫgnir of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
notes
[2, 4] geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir ‘the Rǫgnir <= Óðinn> of the fence of the spear-onslaught [(lit. ‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’) BATTLE > SHIELD > WARRIOR = Hákon jarl]’: That the kenning refers to Hákon jarl is suggested by her þeira ‘their host’, which probably refers to the army of Otto II; see Note to l. 4.
sár ‘’
(not checked:)
2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound
rásar ‘onslaught’
(not checked:)
rás (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): running, course, company < geirrás (noun f.)
[4] geirrásar: ‘geírra sár’ Bb
kennings
geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-onslaught → BATTLE
the fence of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the Rǫgnir of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
notes
[2, 4] geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir ‘the Rǫgnir <= Óðinn> of the fence of the spear-onslaught [(lit. ‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’) BATTLE > SHIELD > WARRIOR = Hákon jarl]’: That the kenning refers to Hákon jarl is suggested by her þeira ‘their host’, which probably refers to the army of Otto II; see Note to l. 4.
rásar ‘onslaught’
(not checked:)
rás (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): running, course, company < geirrás (noun f.)
[4] geirrásar: ‘geírra sár’ Bb
kennings
geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-onslaught → BATTLE
the fence of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the Rǫgnir of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
notes
[2, 4] geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir ‘the Rǫgnir <= Óðinn> of the fence of the spear-onslaught [(lit. ‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’) BATTLE > SHIELD > WARRIOR = Hákon jarl]’: That the kenning refers to Hákon jarl is suggested by her þeira ‘their host’, which probably refers to the army of Otto II; see Note to l. 4.
rásar ‘onslaught’
(not checked:)
rás (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): running, course, company < geirrás (noun f.)
[4] geirrásar: ‘geírra sár’ Bb
kennings
geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the spear-onslaught → BATTLE
the fence of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the Rǫgnir of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
notes
[2, 4] geirrásar garð-Rǫgnir ‘the Rǫgnir <= Óðinn> of the fence of the spear-onslaught [(lit. ‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’) BATTLE > SHIELD > WARRIOR = Hákon jarl]’: That the kenning refers to Hákon jarl is suggested by her þeira ‘their host’, which probably refers to the army of Otto II; see Note to l. 4.
ok ‘’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
lið ‘’
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lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
her ‘army’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
[4] her: lið 61, ok Bb
þeira ‘their’
notes
[4] þeira ‘their’: Otto II’s force, possibly the warriors mentioned in st. 26/7-8 (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, I, 161; ÍF 26; Hkr 1991).
með ‘with’
(not checked:)
með (prep.): with
notes
[5] fylki Frísa ‘a host of Frisians’: Although all mss give Frísa fylki, the word order must be reversed to achieve the hending on the third lift.
notes
[5] fylki Frísa ‘a host of Frisians’: Although all mss give Frísa fylki, the word order must be reversed to achieve the hending on the third lift.
fór ‘came’
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fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel
gunn ‘the battle’
(not checked:)
gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnviðurr (noun m.)gunnr (noun f.): battlegunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnundr (noun n.)
kennings
gunn-Viðurr‘the battle-Viðurr ’
= WARRIOR = Otto II
the battle-Viðurr → WARRIOR = Otto II
undr ‘’
(not checked:)
2. undr (noun n.; °-s; -): wonder, marvel < gunnundr (noun n.)
viðviður ‘’
Viðurr ‘Viðurr’
(not checked:)
Viðurr (noun m.): Viðurr < gunnviðurr (noun m.)
[6] Viðurr: ‘viðuiður’ J1ˣ, undr 54, Bb
kennings
gunn-Viðurr‘the battle-Viðurr ’
= WARRIOR = Otto II
the battle-Viðurr → WARRIOR = Otto II
sunnan ‘from the south’
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sunnan (adv.): (from the) south
kvaddi ‘called’
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2. kveðja (verb; kvaddi): (dd) request, address, greet
vígs ‘for battle’
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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle
of ‘’
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
víða ‘’
(not checked:)
1. víða (adv.): widely
vágs ‘of the wave’
(not checked:)
vágr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): sea, wave
kennings
vágs blakkriði‘horse-rider of the wave’
= SEAFARER = Hákon jarl
the horse of the wave → SHIP
the rider of the SHIP → SEAFARER = Hákon jarl
vágs ‘of the wave’
(not checked:)
vágr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): sea, wave
kennings
vágs blakkriði‘horse-rider of the wave’
= SEAFARER = Hákon jarl
the horse of the wave → SHIP
the rider of the SHIP → SEAFARER = Hákon jarl
blakk ‘of the horse’
(not checked:)
1. blakkr (noun m.): horse < blakkriði (noun m.)
kennings
vágs blakkriði‘horse-rider of the wave’
= SEAFARER = Hákon jarl
the horse of the wave → SHIP
the rider of the SHIP → SEAFARER = Hákon jarl
blakk ‘of the horse’
(not checked:)
1. blakkr (noun m.): horse < blakkriði (noun m.)
kennings
vágs blakkriði‘horse-rider of the wave’
= SEAFARER = Hákon jarl
the horse of the wave → SHIP
the rider of the SHIP → SEAFARER = Hákon jarl
riði ‘the rider’
(not checked:)
riði (noun m.) < blakkriði (noun m.)
kennings
vágs blakkriði‘horse-rider of the wave’
= SEAFARER = Hákon jarl
the horse of the wave → SHIP
the rider of the SHIP → SEAFARER = Hákon jarl
Frakka ‘Franks’
(not checked:)
frakki (noun m.): Frank, Norman
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Vasat í gǫgn, þótt gerði |
It was not easy to go against their army, although the Rǫgnir <= Óðinn> of the fence of the spear-onslaught [(lit. ‘fence-Rǫgnir of the spear-onslaught’) BATTLE > SHIELD > WARRIOR = Hákon jarl] made a hard attack, when the battle-Viðurr <= Óðinn> [WARRIOR = Otto II] came from the south with a host of Frisians, Franks and Wends; the rider of the horse of the wave [(lit. ‘horse-rider of the wave’) SHIP > SEAFARER = Hákon jarl] called for battle.
Emperor Otto II and his forces arrive at the great defensive wall of the Danavirki (Danevirke), and a mighty battle ensues.
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