Eskál Vell 22I
Edith Marold (ed.) 2012, ‘Einarr skálaglamm Helgason, Vellekla 22’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 309.
hitt ‘’
(not checked:)
2. inn (art.): the
var ‘’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
meir ‘’
(not checked:)
meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
kennings
móts randa‘the meeting of shields ’
= BATTLE
the meeting of shields → BATTLE
at ‘’
(not checked:)
4. at (conj.): that
mǫra ‘’
mæra ‘’
(not checked:)
2. mærr (adj.): famous
mjúta ‘’
mæta ‘’
(not checked:)
mæti (noun n.; °; -): precious thing
mǫta ‘’
Meita ‘of Meiti’
(not checked:)
Meiti (noun m.): Meiti
[1] Meita: mǫra F, ‘mǫta’ J1ˣ, FskAˣ, ‘mí(u)ta’(?) 325VIII 1, ‘mæra’ Bb
kennings
mjúkhurðum Meita‘the pliant doors of Meiti ’
= SHIPS
the pliant doors of Meiti → SHIPS
notes
[1-2] mjúkhurðum Meita ‘the pliant doors of Meiti [SHIPS]’: Hurð ‘door, hurdle’ is unusual as the base-word of a ship-kenning but the explanation might be that ships, like doors, are constructed of boards (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Meissner 222).
mjǫk ‘’
(not checked:)
mjǫk (adv.): very, much < mjǫkhurð (noun f.)
mjúk ‘the pliant’
(not checked:)
mjúkr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): gentle, humble < mjúkhurð (noun f.)
[2] mjúk‑: mjó‑ F, ‘mjok‑’ 53, 54, Bb
kennings
mjúkhurðum Meita‘the pliant doors of Meiti ’
= SHIPS
the pliant doors of Meiti → SHIPS
notes
[1-2] mjúkhurðum Meita ‘the pliant doors of Meiti [SHIPS]’: Hurð ‘door, hurdle’ is unusual as the base-word of a ship-kenning but the explanation might be that ships, like doors, are constructed of boards (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Meissner 222).
herðum ‘’
(not checked:)
herðr (noun f.; °-ar(Thom² 447¹³); -ar): shoulder
herðu ‘’
(not checked:)
2. herða (verb): strengthen
hurðum ‘doors’
[2] ‑hurðum: ‘‑(h)erdu’(?) 53, ‑herðum 54, Bb
kennings
mjúkhurðum Meita‘the pliant doors of Meiti ’
= SHIPS
the pliant doors of Meiti → SHIPS
notes
[1-2] mjúkhurðum Meita ‘the pliant doors of Meiti [SHIPS]’: Hurð ‘door, hurdle’ is unusual as the base-word of a ship-kenning but the explanation might be that ships, like doors, are constructed of boards (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Meissner 222).
framm ‘onwards’
(not checked:)
fram (adv.): out, forth, forwards, away
þurðu ‘rushed’
(not checked:)
þyrja (verb): race, rush, rage
með ‘with’
(not checked:)
með (prep.): with
spor ‘’
(not checked:)
spor (noun n.; °-s; -): track < sporgœlir (noun m.)
sǫr ‘’
svǫr ‘of the bird’
(not checked:)
svǫrr (noun m.): [bird] < svǫrgœlir (noun m.)
[3] svǫr‑: sǫr‑ F, FskAˣ, spor‑ FskBˣ
kennings
Sǫrva svǫrgœli.‘the gladdener of the bird of Sǫrvi. ’
= WARRIOR
the bird of Sǫrvi. → RAVEN/EAGLE
the gladdener of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
svǫr ‘of the bird’
(not checked:)
svǫrr (noun m.): [bird] < svǫrgœlir (noun m.)
[3] svǫr‑: sǫr‑ F, FskAˣ, spor‑ FskBˣ
kennings
Sǫrva svǫrgœli.‘the gladdener of the bird of Sǫrvi. ’
= WARRIOR
the bird of Sǫrvi. → RAVEN/EAGLE
the gladdener of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
gjæli ‘’
geili ‘’
géli ‘’
goli ‘’
gœlis ‘’
(not checked:)
gœlir (noun m.): gladdener
geli ‘’
(not checked:)
-geli (noun n.)
gǫli ‘’
gœli ‘the gladdener’
(not checked:)
gœlir (noun m.): gladdener < svǫrgœlir (noun m.)gœlir (noun m.): gladdenergœlir (noun m.): gladdener < sporgœlir (noun m.)
[3] ‑gœli: so F, ‘‑gǫli’ Kˣ, J2ˣ, ‘‑geli’ J1ˣ, ‘‑goli’ 325VIII 1, FskAˣ, ‘‑giæli’ 61, ‘‑gieli’ 53, 54, ‘‑geili’ Bb, ‑gœlis FskBˣ
kennings
Sǫrva svǫrgœli.‘the gladdener of the bird of Sǫrvi. ’
= WARRIOR
the bird of Sǫrvi. → RAVEN/EAGLE
the gladdener of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
svarra ‘’
(not checked:)
svarri (noun m.; °-a): (proud) lady
sarpa ‘’
ǫrgva ‘’
svarfa ‘’
(not checked:)
svarfa (verb)
Sǫrva ‘of Sǫrvi’
(not checked:)
Sǫrvi (noun m.): Sǫrvi
[3] Sǫrva: svarfa J1ˣ, svarra Bb, ‘aurgua’ FskBˣ, ‘sarpa’ FskAˣ
kennings
Sǫrva svǫrgœli.‘the gladdener of the bird of Sǫrvi. ’
= WARRIOR
the bird of Sǫrvi. → RAVEN/EAGLE
the gladdener of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
Sǫrva ‘of Sǫrvi’
(not checked:)
Sǫrvi (noun m.): Sǫrvi
[3] Sǫrva: svarfa J1ˣ, svarra Bb, ‘aurgua’ FskBˣ, ‘sarpa’ FskAˣ
kennings
Sǫrva svǫrgœli.‘the gladdener of the bird of Sǫrvi. ’
= WARRIOR
the bird of Sǫrvi. → RAVEN/EAGLE
the gladdener of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
notes
[4] sjau landrekar ‘seven commanders’: Snorri Sturluson explains the word landreki in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 101) as one who leads a host into the realm of another king or drives a host out of his own realm. However, this implied derivation from reka ‘drive’ is probably wrong (Faulkes, SnE 1998, I, 220), as is the derivation from *landríkr ‘land-ruler’ in LP: landreki. The word more likely derives from rekja ‘to straighten out’ (ÍO: 2 ‑reki; AEW: reki 2) and means ‘commander’, cf. for instance HHund I 32/3. These leaders have been identified either as seven commanders allied with Hákon or as commanders of the two opposing hosts. Their number, seven, is most likely connected to the seven fylki under Hákon’s rule (st. 13), each coming from a different fylki.
lǫnd ‘’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
land ‘’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < landreki (noun m.): land-ruler
[4] land‑: lǫnd‑ FskBˣ
notes
[4] sjau landrekar ‘seven commanders’: Snorri Sturluson explains the word landreki in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 101) as one who leads a host into the realm of another king or drives a host out of his own realm. However, this implied derivation from reka ‘drive’ is probably wrong (Faulkes, SnE 1998, I, 220), as is the derivation from *landríkr ‘land-ruler’ in LP: landreki. The word more likely derives from rekja ‘to straighten out’ (ÍO: 2 ‑reki; AEW: reki 2) and means ‘commander’, cf. for instance HHund I 32/3. These leaders have been identified either as seven commanders allied with Hákon or as commanders of the two opposing hosts. Their number, seven, is most likely connected to the seven fylki under Hákon’s rule (st. 13), each coming from a different fylki.
reka ‘’
(not checked:)
reki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): ruler
reki ‘’
(not checked:)
reki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): ruler
rekar ‘commanders’
(not checked:)
reki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): ruler < landreki (noun m.): land-rulerreki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): ruler
[4] ‑rekar: ‑reki J1ˣ, ‑reka Bb
notes
[4] sjau landrekar ‘seven commanders’: Snorri Sturluson explains the word landreki in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 101) as one who leads a host into the realm of another king or drives a host out of his own realm. However, this implied derivation from reka ‘drive’ is probably wrong (Faulkes, SnE 1998, I, 220), as is the derivation from *landríkr ‘land-ruler’ in LP: landreki. The word more likely derives from rekja ‘to straighten out’ (ÍO: 2 ‑reki; AEW: reki 2) and means ‘commander’, cf. for instance HHund I 32/3. These leaders have been identified either as seven commanders allied with Hákon or as commanders of the two opposing hosts. Their number, seven, is most likely connected to the seven fylki under Hákon’s rule (st. 13), each coming from a different fylki.
landa ‘’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
hǫndum ‘’
(not checked:)
hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand
handan ‘’
(not checked:)
handan (adv.): across
randa ‘of shields’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
[4] randa: landa Bb, hǫndum FskBˣ, handan FskAˣ
kennings
móts randa‘the meeting of shields ’
= BATTLE
the meeting of shields → BATTLE
Glumði ‘resounded’
(not checked:)
glymja (verb): resound
allt ‘’
(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all
er ‘’
(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when
þar ‘’
(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there
Ullar ‘the Ullar’
(not checked:)
Ullr (noun m.): Ullr
kennings
Ullar veggjar Heðins‘the Ullar of the wall of Heðinn ’
= WARRIORS
the wall of Heðinn → SHIELD
the Ullar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
notes
[5, 6] Ullar veggjar Heðins ‘the Ullar <gods> of the wall of Heðinn <legendary hero> [SHIELD > WARRIORS]’: Whether this warrior-kenning refers only to Hákon and his warriors or to the two opposing hosts cannot be determined for sure. The image ‘all of Norway resounded’ makes the latter more likely.
egg ‘in the blade’
kennings
eggþings;‘in the blade-assembly; ’
= BATTLE
in the blade-assembly; → BATTLE
notes
[6] eggþings ‘in the blade-assembly [BATTLE]’: The function of this gen. sg. kenning in the helmingr is unclear, but it is tentatively taken here with fóru saman ‘crashed together, went together’ as a rare instance of an adverbial gen. of place (Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, I, 147-8; cf. also NS §141). It could alternatively be taken with nesjum (l. 7) hence ‘headlands of battle’.
þing ‘’
(not checked:)
þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly < eggþing (noun n.): [edge-assemblies]
þings ‘assembly’
(not checked:)
þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly < eggþing (noun n.): [edge-assemblies]
[6] ‑þings: ‑þing 325VIII 1
kennings
eggþings;‘in the blade-assembly; ’
= BATTLE
in the blade-assembly; → BATTLE
notes
[6] eggþings ‘in the blade-assembly [BATTLE]’: The function of this gen. sg. kenning in the helmingr is unclear, but it is tentatively taken here with fóru saman ‘crashed together, went together’ as a rare instance of an adverbial gen. of place (Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, I, 147-8; cf. also NS §141). It could alternatively be taken with nesjum (l. 7) hence ‘headlands of battle’.
Heðins ‘of Heðinn’
(not checked:)
2. Heðinn (noun m.): [Heðinn, champions]
kennings
Ullar veggjar Heðins‘the Ullar of the wall of Heðinn ’
= WARRIORS
the wall of Heðinn → SHIELD
the Ullar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
notes
[5, 6] Ullar veggjar Heðins ‘the Ullar <gods> of the wall of Heðinn <legendary hero> [SHIELD > WARRIORS]’: Whether this warrior-kenning refers only to Hákon and his warriors or to the two opposing hosts cannot be determined for sure. The image ‘all of Norway resounded’ makes the latter more likely.
Heðins ‘of Heðinn’
(not checked:)
2. Heðinn (noun m.): [Heðinn, champions]
kennings
Ullar veggjar Heðins‘the Ullar of the wall of Heðinn ’
= WARRIORS
the wall of Heðinn → SHIELD
the Ullar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
notes
[5, 6] Ullar veggjar Heðins ‘the Ullar <gods> of the wall of Heðinn <legendary hero> [SHIELD > WARRIORS]’: Whether this warrior-kenning refers only to Hákon and his warriors or to the two opposing hosts cannot be determined for sure. The image ‘all of Norway resounded’ makes the latter more likely.
veggjar ‘of the wall’
(not checked:)
1. veggr (noun m.; °-jar/-s(Páll²A 257³³), dat. -/-i(kun defin.); -ir): wall
kennings
Ullar veggjar Heðins‘the Ullar of the wall of Heðinn ’
= WARRIORS
the wall of Heðinn → SHIELD
the Ullar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
notes
[5, 6] Ullar veggjar Heðins ‘the Ullar <gods> of the wall of Heðinn <legendary hero> [SHIELD > WARRIORS]’: Whether this warrior-kenning refers only to Hákon and his warriors or to the two opposing hosts cannot be determined for sure. The image ‘all of Norway resounded’ makes the latter more likely.
veggjar ‘of the wall’
(not checked:)
1. veggr (noun m.; °-jar/-s(Páll²A 257³³), dat. -/-i(kun defin.); -ir): wall
kennings
Ullar veggjar Heðins‘the Ullar of the wall of Heðinn ’
= WARRIORS
the wall of Heðinn → SHIELD
the Ullar of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
notes
[5, 6] Ullar veggjar Heðins ‘the Ullar <gods> of the wall of Heðinn <legendary hero> [SHIELD > WARRIORS]’: Whether this warrior-kenning refers only to Hákon and his warriors or to the two opposing hosts cannot be determined for sure. The image ‘all of Norway resounded’ makes the latter more likely.
gnógt ‘’
(not checked:)
gnógr (adj.; °compar. gnógari/gnǿgri, superl. gnógastr/gnǿgstr): abundant
flaust ‘’
(not checked:)
flaust (noun n.): ship
vás ‘’
(not checked:)
vás (noun n.; °-s; dat. -um): hardship
vas ‘’
(not checked:)
vás (noun n.; °-s; dat. -um): hardship
nass ‘’
nás ‘of corpses’
(not checked:)
nár (noun m.; °-s; -ir): corpse
[7] nás: ‘nass’ 325VIII 1, ‘vas’ 53, vás 54
fyr ‘off’
(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
nesjum ‘the headlands’
(not checked:)
nes (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): headland
nóregs ‘’
(not checked:)
Noregr (noun m.): Norway
Nóregr ‘of Norway’
(not checked:)
Noregr (noun m.): Norway
[8] Nóregr: ‘nor̄’ 325VIII 1, nóregs 53, 54, Bb
saman ‘together’
(not checked:)
saman (adv.): together
fóru ‘crashed’
(not checked:)
fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Ok til móts á Meita |
And seven commanders rushed onwards aboard the pliant doors of Meiti <sea-king> [SHIPS] to the meeting of shields [BATTLE] with the gladdener of the bird of Sǫrvi <sea-king> [RAVEN/EAGLE > WARRIOR]. All of Norway resounded, when the Ullar <gods> of the wall of Heðinn <legendary hero> [SHIELD > WARRIORS] crashed together in the blade-assembly [BATTLE]; an abundance of corpses was floating off the headlands.
See Context to st. 21.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.