Eskál Vell 15I
Edith Marold (ed.) 2012, ‘Einarr skálaglamm Helgason, Vellekla 15’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 303.
Ok ‘And’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
her ‘to the people’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herþarfr (adj.)
þarfir ‘beneficial’
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þarfr (adj.): necessary, useful < herþarfr (adj.)
hverfa ‘turn’
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1. hverfa (verb): turn, disappear
notes
[1, 2] hverfa til blóta ‘turn to the sacrifices’: The gods who had been denied their sacrifices return and begin accepting them again; see Finnur Jónsson (1891a, 166-7). They are now charitably inclined toward the people (herþarfir).
Hlakkar ‘of Hlǫkk’
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2. Hlǫkk (noun f.): Hlǫkk
kennings
ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
Hlakkar ‘of Hlǫkk’
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2. Hlǫkk (noun f.): Hlǫkk
kennings
ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
Hlakkar ‘of Hlǫkk’
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2. Hlǫkk (noun f.): Hlǫkk
kennings
ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
móts ‘of the meeting’
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1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting
kennings
ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
móts ‘of the meeting’
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1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting
kennings
ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
móts ‘of the meeting’
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1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting
kennings
ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
til ‘to’
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til (prep.): to
notes
[1, 2] hverfa til blóta ‘turn to the sacrifices’: The gods who had been denied their sacrifices return and begin accepting them again; see Finnur Jónsson (1891a, 166-7). They are now charitably inclined toward the people (herþarfir).
blóta ‘the sacrifices’
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blót (noun n.; °-s; -): sacrifice
notes
[1, 2] hverfa til blóta ‘turn to the sacrifices’: The gods who had been denied their sacrifices return and begin accepting them again; see Finnur Jónsson (1891a, 166-7). They are now charitably inclined toward the people (herþarfir).
rand ‘’
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rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim < randbrík (noun f.)
rauð ‘of the red’
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rauðr (adj.; °compar. -ari): red < rauðbrík (noun f.)
[3] rauð‑: ‘rand‑’ FskAˣ
kennings
ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
rauð ‘of the red’
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rauðr (adj.; °compar. -ari): red < rauðbrík (noun f.)
[3] rauð‑: ‘rand‑’ FskAˣ
kennings
ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
bríkar ‘board’
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brík (noun f.; °-ar; -r): plank < rauðbrík (noun f.)brík (noun f.; °-ar; -r): plank < randbrík (noun f.)
kennings
ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
bríkar ‘board’
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brík (noun f.; °-ar; -r): plank < rauðbrík (noun f.)brík (noun f.; °-ar; -r): plank < randbrík (noun f.)
kennings
ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
fremsk ‘prospers’
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fremja (verb): advance, perform
rœkar ‘’
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rœkr (adj.; °-jan; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cultivating
kennings
ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
ríkr ‘the powerful’
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ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich
kennings
ríkr rœkir rauðbríkar móts Hlakkar‘the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk ’
= WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
the meeting of Hlǫkk → BATTLE
the red board of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the powerful keeper of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Hákon jarl
at ‘’
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1. at (noun n.): [attack, strife] < atmǫgr (noun m.)
ás ‘of the Æsir’
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2. Áss (noun m.; °áss, dat. ási/ás; ásar): god < ásmǫgr (noun m.)
[4] ás‑: at‑ FskBˣ
notes
[4] ásmegir ‘the sons of the Æsir’: I.e. the Æsir, the gods (Finnur Jónsson 1891a, 167). Olsen (1962a, 44-5) refers to a parallel in Vsp 62 and 63, where a second generation of Æsir, sons of the first, found a new world. This would mean Hákon’s reign would be compared to the renewal of the earth after the end of the world.
megri ‘’
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megri (noun f.): °udmagring
megi ‘’
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mǫgr (noun m.; °; megir, acc. mǫgu): son, boy
megir ‘the sons’
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mǫgr (noun m.; °; megir, acc. mǫgu): son, boy < ásmǫgr (noun m.)mǫgr (noun m.; °; megir, acc. mǫgu): son, boy < atmǫgr (noun m.)
[4] ‑megir: so 39, F, ‑megi Kˣ, J2ˣ, ‑megri FskAˣ
notes
[4] ásmegir ‘the sons of the Æsir’: I.e. the Æsir, the gods (Finnur Jónsson 1891a, 167). Olsen (1962a, 44-5) refers to a parallel in Vsp 62 and 63, where a second generation of Æsir, sons of the first, found a new world. This would mean Hákon’s reign would be compared to the renewal of the earth after the end of the world.
slíka ‘’
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2. slíkr (adj.): such
Nú ‘Now’
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nú (adv.): now
grœr ‘flourishes’
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grœna (verb): [flourishes]
jǫrð ‘the earth’
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jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
sem ‘as’
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sem (conj.): as, which
áðan ‘before’
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áðan (adv.): before
aptr ‘once again’
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aptr (adv.; °compar. -ar): back
gœrð ‘’
geir ‘of the spear’
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geirr (noun m.): spear < geirbrú (noun f.): [spear-bridge]
[6] geir‑: ‘gœrð‑’ FskAˣ
kennings
ôru geirbrúar‘the messengers of the spear-bridge ’
= WARRIORS
the spear-bridge → SHIELD
the messengers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
geir ‘of the spear’
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geirr (noun m.): spear < geirbrú (noun f.): [spear-bridge]
[6] geir‑: ‘gœrð‑’ FskAˣ
kennings
ôru geirbrúar‘the messengers of the spear-bridge ’
= WARRIORS
the spear-bridge → SHIELD
the messengers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
brúar ‘bridge’
kennings
ôru geirbrúar‘the messengers of the spear-bridge ’
= WARRIORS
the spear-bridge → SHIELD
the messengers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
brúar ‘bridge’
kennings
ôru geirbrúar‘the messengers of the spear-bridge ’
= WARRIORS
the spear-bridge → SHIELD
the messengers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
hatta ‘’
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hatti (noun m.; °-a)
notes
[6] hapta ‘of the gods’: This designation of a collective of gods (Marold 1992, 707) appears in four other skaldic stanzas: Þjóð Haustl 3/3III, 11/8III, Glúmr Gráf 1/1 and KormǪ Sigdr 5/3III.
auð ‘the wealth’
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1. auðr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-): wealth < auðrýrir (noun m.)1. auðr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-): wealth
kennings
auðrýrir‘the wealth-diminisher ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the wealth-diminisher → GENEROUS MAN
fyrir ‘’
rýrir ‘diminisher’
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rýrir (noun m.): diminsher, destroyer < auðrýrir (noun m.)
[7] ‑rýrir: ‑fyrir FskBˣ
kennings
auðrýrir‘the wealth-diminisher ’
= GENEROUS MAN
the wealth-diminisher → GENEROUS MAN
at ‘’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
ôru ‘the messengers’
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1. árr (noun m.; °dat. ár; ǽrir/árar, acc. áru): messenger
kennings
ôru geirbrúar‘the messengers of the spear-bridge ’
= WARRIORS
the spear-bridge → SHIELD
the messengers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
ó ‘without’
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ó- ((prefix)): un- < óhryggr (adj.)ó- ((prefix)): un-
hryggja ‘’
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2. hryggr (adj.; °-van/-jan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri; superl. -astr): sorrowful, sad
hryggva ‘sorrow’
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2. hryggr (adj.; °-van/-jan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri; superl. -astr): sorrowful, sad < óhryggr (adj.)
[8] ‑hryggva: so FskBˣ, FskAˣ, ‑hryggja Kˣ, 39, F, J2ˣ
vé ‘the sanctuaries’
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1. vé (noun n.): house, sanctuary
byggja ‘’
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2. byggja (verb; °byggir/byggvir; byggði; byggðr): inhabit, dwell; build, found
byggva ‘inhabit’
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2. byggja (verb; °byggir/byggvir; byggði; byggðr): inhabit, dwell; build, found
[8] byggva: so FskBˣ, FskAˣ, byggja Kˣ, 39, F, J2ˣ
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Ok herþarfir hverfa |
And the sons of the Æsir, beneficial to the people, turn to the sacrifices; the powerful keeper of the red board of the meeting of Hlǫkk <valkyrie> [BATTLE > SHIELD > WARRIOR = Hákon jarl] prospers from this. Now the earth flourishes as before; the wealth-diminisher [GENEROUS MAN] lets the messengers of the spear-bridge [SHIELD > WARRIORS] once again inhabit the sanctuaries of the gods without sorrow.
For Hkr see the previous stanza. After st. 12, which relates Hákon’s return from Denmark, Fsk reports that Hákon begins sacrificing with even greater zeal than before, whereupon the harvest quickly improves, the grain begins growing again, the herring return and the earth blossoms.
[5]: The hending is missing from this line, but there is no reason to restore it as proposed by Konráð Gíslason (1895-7, I, 126). The line is reminiscent of Vsp 59, where the green earth rises again out of the sea (Olsen 1962a, 44). Nú ‘now’ constitutes the link to the previous sentence, because the newly growing earth is portrayed as the result of the renewed heathen sacrifices. Hkr (ÍF 26, 221) gives an account of harvests failing and herring disappearing during the rule of the Eiríkssynir (Gunnhildarsynir), and of abundance restored during the rule of Hákon jarl (ÍF 26, 243). — [6-8]: Turville-Petre (1976, 61-2) reads aptr auðrýrir geirbrúar lætr áru hapta óhryggja byggja vé ‘again the destroyer of the wealth of the spear-bridge allows the merry messengers of the gods to inhabit the temples’, but this is unconvincing because the kenning ‘the destroyer of the wealth of the spear-bridge’ is overdetermined.
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