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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Edáð Banddr 7^I

Russell Poole (ed.) 2012, ‘Eyjólfr dáðaskáld, Bandadrápa 7’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 466.

Eyjólfr dáðaskáld Bandadrápa

Frák ‘I have heard’

(not checked:)
1. fregna (verb): hear of

hvar ‘where’

(not checked:)
hvar (adv.): where

fleina ‘of barbs’

(not checked:)
fleinn (noun m.; °dat. fleini): spear

kennings

fleina sævar fúrherðir
‘fire-hardener of the sea of barbs’
= WARRIOR = Eiríkr
the sea of barbs → BLOOD
the fire of the BLOOD → SWORD
the hardener of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Eiríkr

fleina ‘of barbs’

(not checked:)
fleinn (noun m.; °dat. fleini): spear

kennings

fleina sævar fúrherðir
‘fire-hardener of the sea of barbs’
= WARRIOR = Eiríkr
the sea of barbs → BLOOD
the fire of the BLOOD → SWORD
the hardener of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Eiríkr

fleina ‘of barbs’

(not checked:)
fleinn (noun m.; °dat. fleini): spear

kennings

fleina sævar fúrherðir
‘fire-hardener of the sea of barbs’
= WARRIOR = Eiríkr
the sea of barbs → BLOOD
the fire of the BLOOD → SWORD
the hardener of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Eiríkr

sævar ‘of the sea’

(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea

kennings

fleina sævar fúrherðir
‘fire-hardener of the sea of barbs’
= WARRIOR = Eiríkr
the sea of barbs → BLOOD
the fire of the BLOOD → SWORD
the hardener of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Eiríkr

sævar ‘of the sea’

(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea

kennings

fleina sævar fúrherðir
‘fire-hardener of the sea of barbs’
= WARRIOR = Eiríkr
the sea of barbs → BLOOD
the fire of the BLOOD → SWORD
the hardener of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Eiríkr

sævar ‘of the sea’

(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea

kennings

fleina sævar fúrherðir
‘fire-hardener of the sea of barbs’
= WARRIOR = Eiríkr
the sea of barbs → BLOOD
the fire of the BLOOD → SWORD
the hardener of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Eiríkr

fúr ‘of the fire’

(not checked:)
fúrr (noun m.): fire < fúrherðir (noun m.)

kennings

fleina sævar fúrherðir
‘fire-hardener of the sea of barbs’
= WARRIOR = Eiríkr
the sea of barbs → BLOOD
the fire of the BLOOD → SWORD
the hardener of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Eiríkr

notes

[2, 5] fúr- ‘of/with the fire’: This word occurs as a base-word for two different types of kenning, referring to ‘sword’ and ‘gold’ respectively, in the one stanza. In both cases the structure is inverted, fúr- forming a kenning with an element other than the one it is compounded with.

fúr ‘of the fire’

(not checked:)
fúrr (noun m.): fire < fúrherðir (noun m.)

kennings

fleina sævar fúrherðir
‘fire-hardener of the sea of barbs’
= WARRIOR = Eiríkr
the sea of barbs → BLOOD
the fire of the BLOOD → SWORD
the hardener of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Eiríkr

notes

[2, 5] fúr- ‘of/with the fire’: This word occurs as a base-word for two different types of kenning, referring to ‘sword’ and ‘gold’ respectively, in the one stanza. In both cases the structure is inverted, fúr- forming a kenning with an element other than the one it is compounded with.

herðir ‘the hardener’

(not checked:)
herðir (noun m.): sword < fúrherðir (noun m.)

kennings

fleina sævar fúrherðir
‘fire-hardener of the sea of barbs’
= WARRIOR = Eiríkr
the sea of barbs → BLOOD
the fire of the BLOOD → SWORD
the hardener of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Eiríkr

styr ‘war’

(not checked:)
styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle

gerði ‘made’

(not checked:)
1. gera (verb): do, make

endr ‘again’

(not checked:)
endr (adv.): formerly, once, again

í ‘in’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

eyja ‘of islands’

(not checked:)
1. ey (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-; -jar): island

notes

[3] sundi eyja ‘the sound of islands’: Probably a bay or sound with a profusion of islands. This would fit the Gulf of Riga; cf. Ohlmarks (1958, 510), who suggests that Ösel, Dagö and Wormsö (Estonian Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and Vormsi), off the Estonian mainland, are the islands referred to. That localisation is compatible with the geographical information in Hkr (see Context). However, the detailed accuracy of Hkr at this point is disputed, and Fsk (ÍF 29, 165), although it does not cite the stanza, places the capture of the Danish warships more plausibly in the Eyrarsund (Øresund). Fidjestøl (1982, 113, and cf. CPB II, 52, 570) suggests an error for Eyrarsundi in the stanza and favours the Fsk account, but ultimately there is no means of knowing whether Fsk is correct or is substituting a familiar location for an unfamiliar one. Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; similarly ÍF 26) understands sundi eyja as ‘sound between two islands’.

sundi ‘the sound’

(not checked:)
sund (noun n.; °-s; -): sound, strait; swimming

notes

[3] sundi eyja ‘the sound of islands’: Probably a bay or sound with a profusion of islands. This would fit the Gulf of Riga; cf. Ohlmarks (1958, 510), who suggests that Ösel, Dagö and Wormsö (Estonian Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and Vormsi), off the Estonian mainland, are the islands referred to. That localisation is compatible with the geographical information in Hkr (see Context). However, the detailed accuracy of Hkr at this point is disputed, and Fsk (ÍF 29, 165), although it does not cite the stanza, places the capture of the Danish warships more plausibly in the Eyrarsund (Øresund). Fidjestøl (1982, 113, and cf. CPB II, 52, 570) suggests an error for Eyrarsundi in the stanza and favours the Fsk account, but ultimately there is no means of knowing whether Fsk is correct or is substituting a familiar location for an unfamiliar one. Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; similarly ÍF 26) understands sundi eyja as ‘sound between two islands’.

Eirekr ‘Eiríkr’

(not checked:)
Eiríkr (noun m.): Eiríkr

und ‘under’

(not checked:)
3. und (prep.): under, underneath

sik ‘himself’

(not checked:)
sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)

geira ‘of spears’

(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear

[4] geira: so F, abbrev. as ‘g’ Kˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ

rauð ‘’

(not checked:)
rjóða (verb): to redden

Hrauð ‘cleared’

(not checked:)
1. hrjóða (verb): clear, destroy

[5] Hrauð: so J1ˣ, rauð Kˣ, F

fúr ‘with the fire’

(not checked:)
fúrr (noun m.): fire < fúrgjafall (adj.)

kennings

vága fúr
‘fire-bountiful of bays’
= GOLD
with the fire of bays, → GOLD

notes

[2, 5] fúr- ‘of/with the fire’: This word occurs as a base-word for two different types of kenning, referring to ‘sword’ and ‘gold’ respectively, in the one stanza. In both cases the structure is inverted, fúr- forming a kenning with an element other than the one it is compounded with.

gjafall ‘bountiful’

(not checked:)
gjafall (adj.): generous, bountiful < fúrgjafall (adj.)

fjórar ‘four’

(not checked:)
fjórir (num. cardinal): four

folk ‘The battle’

(not checked:)
folk (noun n.): people < folkmeiðr (noun m.): [battle-tree]

kennings

Folkmeiðr,
‘The battle-tree, ’
= WARRIOR
The battle-tree, → WARRIOR

meiðr ‘tree’

(not checked:)
meiðr (noun m.): beam, tree < folkmeiðr (noun m.): [battle-tree]

kennings

Folkmeiðr,
‘The battle-tree, ’
= WARRIOR
The battle-tree, → WARRIOR

Dana ‘of the Danes’

(not checked:)
Danr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): Dane

skeiðar ‘warships’

(not checked:)
1. skeið (noun f.; °-ar; -r/-ar/-ir): ship

vér ‘we [I]’

(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

frôgum ‘have heard’

(not checked:)
1. fregna (verb): hear of

þat ‘that’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

vága ‘of bays’

(not checked:)
vágr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): sea, wave

kennings

vága fúr
‘fire-bountiful of bays’
= GOLD
with the fire of bays, → GOLD

Veðr ‘Storm’

(not checked:)
2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm < veðrmildr (adj.): storm-generous

[8] Veðrmildr ok semr hildi: abbrev. as ‘v. m ok s. h.’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ

mildr ‘generous’

(not checked:)
mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous < veðrmildr (adj.): storm-generous

[8] Veðrmildr ok semr hildi: abbrev. as ‘v. m ok s. h.’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[8] Veðrmildr ok semr hildi: abbrev. as ‘v. m ok s. h.’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ

semr ‘contrives’

(not checked:)
2. semja (verb): befit

[8] Veðrmildr ok semr hildi: abbrev. as ‘v. m ok s. h.’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ

hildi ‘warfare’

(not checked:)
1. hildr (noun f.): battle

[8] Veðrmildr ok semr hildi: abbrev. as ‘v. m ok s. h.’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

Hkr places sts 7 and 8 almost immediately after st. 6, as part of an account of Eiríkr’s raids on the Estonian districts of Aðalsýsla (Suuremaa, or mainland Estonia) and Eysýsla (Saaremaa in Estonian, Ösel in Swedish). Eiríkr captures four Danish warships and slaughters their crews.

Lines 4 and 8 belong to the klofastef ‘split refrain’ and stand outside the syntax of the stanza; see st. 9 and Notes.

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