Edáð Banddr 6^I

Odd ‘of the point’

(not checked:)
oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon < oddhríð (noun f.): point-storm

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

Odd ‘of the point’

(not checked:)
oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon < oddhríð (noun f.): point-storm

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

Odd ‘of the point’

(not checked:)
oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon < oddhríð (noun f.): point-storm

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

Odd ‘of the point’

(not checked:)
oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon < oddhríð (noun f.): point-storm

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

hríðar ‘storm’

(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < oddhríð (noun f.): point-storm

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

hríðar ‘storm’

(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < oddhríð (noun f.): point-storm

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

hríðar ‘storm’

(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < oddhríð (noun f.): point-storm

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

hríðar ‘storm’

(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < oddhríð (noun f.): point-storm

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

fór ‘went’

(not checked:)
fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel

eyða ‘to ravage’

(not checked:)
2. eyða (verb; °-dd-): destroy

óx ‘intensified’

(not checked:)
vaxa (verb): grow, increase

stríð ‘’

(not checked:)
2. stríð (noun n.; °-s; -): affliction

ríð ‘’

hríð ‘the onslaught’

(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm

[2] hríð: ríð F, stríð 54, Bb

notes

[2] hríð ‘the onslaught’: Hríð ‘storm (of snow or rain)’ is used in two ways in battle contexts, both exemplified in this helmingr. It is common as a base-word in battle-kennings, as in l. 1, but can also stand alone with the sense ‘phase in a battle, onslaught’ (cf. Þorm Lv 24/8) and hence ‘battle’ generally (see Þul Orrostu 2/7^III; LP: hríð 2, 3).

auði ‘’

(not checked:)
1. auðr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-): wealth

af ‘’

(not checked:)
af (prep.): from

at ‘at’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

[2] at þat: af því 61, 54, Bb, Flat, auði 53

því ‘’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

þat ‘that’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

[2] at þat: af því 61, 54, Bb, Flat, auði 53

síðan ‘afterwards’

(not checked:)
síðan (adv.): later, then

ok ‘’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

lǫg ‘’

(not checked:)
lag (noun n.; °-s; *-): layer; (pl.) law < lǫgfágandi (noun m.)

log ‘of the flame’

(not checked:)
log (noun n.; °; -): flame < logfágandi (noun m.)log (noun n.; °; -): flame

[3] logfágandi: ‘logfandi’ 54, ‘ok lofgandi’ Bb, ‘lo᷎g fagande’ Flat

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

log ‘of the flame’

(not checked:)
log (noun n.; °; -): flame < logfágandi (noun m.)log (noun n.; °; -): flame

[3] logfágandi: ‘logfandi’ 54, ‘ok lofgandi’ Bb, ‘lo᷎g fagande’ Flat

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

lofgandi ‘’

fandi ‘’

fágandi ‘The custodian’

(not checked:)
-fágandi (noun m.): [custodian] < logfágandi (noun m.)-fágandi (noun m.): [custodian] < lǫgfágandi (noun m.)

[3] logfágandi: ‘logfandi’ 54, ‘ok lofgandi’ Bb, ‘lo᷎g fagande’ Flat

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

lœgis ‘of the sea’

(not checked:)
lœgir (noun m.): sea

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

lœgis ‘of the sea’

(not checked:)
lœgir (noun m.): sea

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

lœgis ‘of the sea’

(not checked:)
lœgir (noun m.): sea

kennings

notes

[1, 3] oddhríðar lœgis logfágandi ‘the custodian of the flame of the sea of the point-storm [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the sea of the point-storm’) BATTLE > BLOOD > SWORD > WARRIOR]’: The verb fága means ‘keep clean, diligently attend to’ (Fritzner: fága). This would allude to the warlord’s care for his weapons. The identity of lœgis has been disputed. (a) The forms in the mss could point to either normalised lœgis (with oe ligature) or lægis (with ae ligature), and are interpreted here as lœgis ‘of the sea’ (a possibility also considered in ÍF 26). This combines with oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ to form a kenning for ‘blood’. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901; Skj B) emended lœgis to lǫgðis ‘of the sword’, combining this with hríð ‘storm’ (l. 2) to form a battle-kenning. He used the other elements to form a kenning oddhríðar logfágandi ‘custodian of the flame of the point-storm [BATTLE > SWORD > WARRIOR]’. The emendation does not seem justified, however, particularly when there is the option of treating hríð in l. 2 as a heiti for ‘battle’ without determinant (cf. Note to HSt Rst 17/7). (c) Kock (NN §482A, followed by ÍF 26) opts for the reading lægis ‘of the harbour’, which results in logfágandi lægis ‘custodian of the flame of the harbour [(lit. ‘flame-custodian of the harbour’) GOLD > MAN]’. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) notes that use of the agentive fágandi ‘custodian’ with a gold-kenning appears not to antedate the C12th, and indeed lægi would also point to late composition, since it is not attested in skaldic poetry earlier than Krákumál (Anon Krm 5/7^VIII; LP: lægi). Additionally, Kock links oddhríðar ‘of the point-storm [BATTLE]’ with brandi ‘sword’, positing a sense ‘sword of battle’, but that would be unidiomatic.

land ‘land’

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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land

valdam(i) ‘’

hamars ‘’

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1. hamarr (noun m.; °-s, dat. hamri; hamrar): hammer, cliff

valld ‘’

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vald (noun n.; °-s; *-): strength, power

Valdimars ‘’

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Valdimar (noun m.)

valdam ‘’

Valdamarr ‘’

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Valdamarr (noun m.): Vladimir, Valdimarr

Valdamars ‘Vladimir’s’

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Valdamarr (noun m.): Vladimir, Valdimarr

[4] Valdamars: so F, 61, ‘vallhamars’ Kˣ, ‘valdam’ J1ˣ, ‘valdam(i)’(?) J2ˣ, Valdimars 53, Valdamarr 54, Flat, ‘valld hamars’ Bb

notes

[4] Valdamars ‘Vladimir’s’: This figure is to be identified with the Russian prince Vladimir, later styled S. Vladimir (r. c. 1070-1015; Pritsak 1993, 556; Franklin and Shepard 1996, 151-80).

branda ‘’

(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire

brandi ‘with the sword’

(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire

[4] brandi: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 54, Flat, brandi corrected from branda in a later hand Kˣ, branda Bb

Aldeigju ‘Staraya Ladoga’

(not checked:)
Aldeigja (noun f.): [Staraya Ladoga]

notes

[5] brauzt Aldeigju ‘you crushed Staraya Ladoga’: Established over a century before by the Kievan Rus’, this settlement was a principal stronghold and trading and artisanal centre on the route to the Black Sea, situated strategically near the point where the River Volchov enters Lake Ladoga, east of the Gulf of Finland (Westholm 2009, 132). The ON p. n. Aldeigja derives from Russian Ladogá (AEW: Aldeigja).

braz ‘’

(not checked:)
bregða (verb; °bregðr/brigðr; brá, brugðu; brugðinn/brogðinn): pull, jerk, break; change

brauzt ‘You crushed’

(not checked:)
brjóta (verb; °brýtr; braut, brutu; brotinn): to break, destroy

[5] brauzt: ‘braz’ F

notes

[5] brauzt Aldeigju ‘you crushed Staraya Ladoga’: Established over a century before by the Kievan Rus’, this settlement was a principal stronghold and trading and artisanal centre on the route to the Black Sea, situated strategically near the point where the River Volchov enters Lake Ladoga, east of the Gulf of Finland (Westholm 2009, 132). The ON p. n. Aldeigja derives from Russian Ladogá (AEW: Aldeigja).

ýgir ‘’

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ýgir (noun m.)

œgir ‘intimidator’

(not checked:)
œgir (noun m.): terrifier

[5] œgir: ýgir F

kennings

notes

[5, 6] œgir gumna ‘intimidator of men [RULER]’: Cf. stálœgir ‘sword-intimidator [WARRIOR]’ in st. 2/5, and note the antithesis with stœrir gumna ‘strengthener of men [RULER]’ in st. 5/1, 3: Eiríkr encourages his own men but terrifies the opposition.

oss ‘to us [me]’

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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

notes

[6] skil numnask oss ‘sound information is being brought to us [me]’: The verb numnask is formed from numinn, p. p. from nema, apparently with the sense ‘hear, learn’ (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; cf. LP: numna). Eyjólfr relies on second-hand information (cf. frôgum, frák ‘we [I] have heard’ in sts 4/3, 7/1, 7/7), but he vouches for its reliability. Numnask is pl. in concord with n. pl. skil ‘sound information’. For the concept of skil in relation to poetic accounts, cf. Sigv Nesv 1/7.

minnask ‘’

(not checked:)
1. minna (verb): remind, remember, recall

numnask ‘is being brought’

(not checked:)
numna (verb): [is being brought]

[6] numnask: minnask J1ˣ, J2ˣ

notes

[6] skil numnask oss ‘sound information is being brought to us [me]’: The verb numnask is formed from numinn, p. p. from nema, apparently with the sense ‘hear, learn’ (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; cf. LP: numna). Eyjólfr relies on second-hand information (cf. frôgum, frák ‘we [I] have heard’ in sts 4/3, 7/1, 7/7), but he vouches for its reliability. Numnask is pl. in concord with n. pl. skil ‘sound information’. For the concept of skil in relation to poetic accounts, cf. Sigv Nesv 1/7.

skil ‘sound information’

(not checked:)
skil (noun n.; °; -): knowledge

notes

[6] skil numnask oss ‘sound information is being brought to us [me]’: The verb numnask is formed from numinn, p. p. from nema, apparently with the sense ‘hear, learn’ (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; cf. LP: numna). Eyjólfr relies on second-hand information (cf. frôgum, frák ‘we [I] have heard’ in sts 4/3, 7/1, 7/7), but he vouches for its reliability. Numnask is pl. in concord with n. pl. skil ‘sound information’. For the concept of skil in relation to poetic accounts, cf. Sigv Nesv 1/7.

gumna ‘of men’

(not checked:)
gumi (noun m.; °-a; gumar/gumnar): man

kennings

notes

[5, 6] œgir gumna ‘intimidator of men [RULER]’: Cf. stálœgir ‘sword-intimidator [WARRIOR]’ in st. 2/5, and note the antithesis with stœrir gumna ‘strengthener of men [RULER]’ in st. 5/1, 3: Eiríkr encourages his own men but terrifies the opposition.

sú ‘that’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

var ‘’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

varð ‘became’

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1. verða (verb): become, be

[7] varð: var J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 54, Bb, Flat

hildr ‘battle’

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1. hildr (noun f.): battle

með ‘amongst’

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með (prep.): with

hauldum ‘freeholders’

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hǫlðr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): man

havit ‘’

er ‘’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

harð ‘’

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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh

hǫrð ‘hard’

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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh

[8] hǫrð: harð er 53, ‘havet’ Bb

kot ‘’

komsk ‘’

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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

komt ‘you came’

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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

[8] komt (‘comztu’): komsk F, ‘kot’ J1ˣ

austr ‘eastwards’

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3. austr (adv.; °compar. -ar, superl. -ast): east, in the east

[8] austr: om. Bb

í ‘into’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

notes

[8] í Garða ‘into Russia’: Garðar or Garðaríki was an area of north-west Russia with Holmgarðr (Novgorod) as its chief settlement; see further Notes to Hharð Gamv 1/7^II, Mark Eirdr 3/2^II. The p. n. would translate as ‘precincts, enclosures’. On this type of trading settlement, located alongside rivers, see Westholm (2009, 136).

Garða ‘Russia’

(not checked:)
Garðar (noun m.): Russia

notes

[8] í Garða ‘into Russia’: Garðar or Garðaríki was an area of north-west Russia with Holmgarðr (Novgorod) as its chief settlement; see further Notes to Hharð Gamv 1/7^II, Mark Eirdr 3/2^II. The p. n. would translate as ‘precincts, enclosures’. On this type of trading settlement, located alongside rivers, see Westholm (2009, 136).