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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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EVald Þórr 3III

Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Eysteinn Valdason, Poem about Þórr 3’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 187.

Eysteinn ValdasonPoem about Þórr
23

Svá ‘So’

(not checked:)
svá (adv.): so, thus

notes

[1] svá brá viðr ‘so it came about’: Understood here as an impersonal construction. Skj B regards seiðr jarðar ‘the saithe of the earth’ as the subject of the main clause, seiðr jarðar brá svá viðr, at hnefar mágs Ulls skullu út at borði ‘the saithe of the earth struggled so hard that the fists of the kinsman of Ullr banged out along the gunwale’.

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brá ‘it came’

(not checked:)
bregða (verb; °bregðr/brigðr; brá, brugðu; brugðinn/brogðinn): pull, jerk, break; change

notes

[1] svá brá viðr ‘so it came about’: Understood here as an impersonal construction. Skj B regards seiðr jarðar ‘the saithe of the earth’ as the subject of the main clause, seiðr jarðar brá svá viðr, at hnefar mágs Ulls skullu út at borði ‘the saithe of the earth struggled so hard that the fists of the kinsman of Ullr banged out along the gunwale’.

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viðr ‘about’

(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against

notes

[1] svá brá viðr ‘so it came about’: Understood here as an impersonal construction. Skj B regards seiðr jarðar ‘the saithe of the earth’ as the subject of the main clause, seiðr jarðar brá svá viðr, at hnefar mágs Ulls skullu út at borði ‘the saithe of the earth struggled so hard that the fists of the kinsman of Ullr banged out along the gunwale’.

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at ‘that’

(not checked:)
4. at (conj.): that

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sýjur ‘rivetted planks’

(not checked:)
1. sýja (noun f.; °-u; -ur): planking, vessel

notes

[1] sýjur ‘the rivetted planks’: Nom. or acc. pl. of sýja ‘rivetting, lit. joining together, sewing’, ship’s planking. Cf. LP: 1. sýja; CVC: sýja ‘the suture of a ship’; Jesch (2001a, 139-40). Used here pars pro toto for a ship. The difference between the two etymologically related words súð and sýja is that ‘súð is the board, sýja the single suture, a súð therefore contains so and so many sýjur’ (CVC: sýja).

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seiðr ‘the saithe’

(not checked:)
2. seiðr (noun m.): coalfish

kennings

seiðr jarðar
‘the saithe of the earth ’
   = Miðgarðsormr

the saithe of the earth → Miðgarðsormr

notes

[2] seiðr ‘the saithe’: In Modern English the saithe or coalfish, Pollachius virens.

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renndi ‘made’

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fram ‘forward’

(not checked:)
fram (adv.): out, forth, forwards, away

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jarðar ‘of the earth’

(not checked:)
jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304Š)): ground, earth

kennings

seiðr jarðar
‘the saithe of the earth ’
   = Miðgarðsormr

the saithe of the earth → Miðgarðsormr
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út ‘out’

(not checked:)
út (adv.): out(side)

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at ‘on’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

[3] at: om. W

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borði ‘the gunwale’

(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table

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Ulls ‘of Ullr’

(not checked:)
Ullr (noun m.): Ullr

kennings

mágs Ulls
‘of the kinsman of Ullr ’
   = Þórr

the kinsman of Ullr → Þórr

notes

[4] mágs Ulls ‘of the kinsman of Ullr <god> [= Þórr]’: According to Gylf (SnE 2005, 26), the god Ullr was Þórr’s stepson, the son of his wife Sif by a former, but unknown alliance. A mágr is a relative by marriage.

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mágs ‘of the kinsman’

(not checked:)
mágr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): brother-, father-, or son-in-law

kennings

mágs Ulls
‘of the kinsman of Ullr ’
   = Þórr

the kinsman of Ullr → Þórr

notes

[4] mágs Ulls ‘of the kinsman of Ullr <god> [= Þórr]’: According to Gylf (SnE 2005, 26), the god Ullr was Þórr’s stepson, the son of his wife Sif by a former, but unknown alliance. A mágr is a relative by marriage.

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hnefar ‘the fists’

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hnefi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): fist

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skullu ‘banged’

(not checked:)
1. skjalla (verb): slam, bang

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Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

The helmingr is very close to Snorri’s prose wording in Gylf (SnE 2005, 44): En er ormrinn kendi þess, brá hann við svá hart at báðir hnefar Þórs skullu út á borðinu ‘But when the serpent felt this [the fish-hook], he struggled so hard against it that both Þórr’s fists banged out on the gunwale’. Nevertheless, the syntax of the helmingr is problematic and has been variously interpreted. Both Skj B and Skald (cf. NN §421) adopt Konráð Gíslason’s original suggestion (so Skj AI, 140 n.) to emend renndi (l. 2, 3rd pers. sg. pret. subj. after sváat) to renndu, 3rd pers. pl. pret. indic. of renna ‘cause to move, run’. This allows sýjur ‘rivetted planks’ (l. 1) to be taken as the subject of an independent clause breiðar sýjur renndu fram ‘the broad rivetted planks shot forward’ (ll. 1, 2), whereas this edn (following SnE 1998, I, 164) takes seiðr jarðar ‘the saithe of the earth’ as the subject of a subordinate clause, dependent on the main clause svá brá viðr ‘so it came about’ (l. 1). This arrangement has the merit of avoiding Skj B’s extremely fragmented word order but the possible disadvantage that renna must be understood without clear precedent as taking an acc. object (breiðar sýjur ‘broad rivetted planks’), when it usually takes a dat. As Faulkes observes (SnE 1998, I, 164-5), although renna sometimes has an acc. object, this usage is normally reserved for the sense of pouring liquids (Fritzner: renna v. [nd] 3, 8).

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