Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Fragments 6’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 157.
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dolgr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ar): enemy, battle < dolgskári (noun m.)
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dolgr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ar): enemy, battle < dolgskári (noun m.)
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skári (noun m.): [sea-gull, gull] < dolgskári (noun m.)
[1] ‑skára: stála U
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skári (noun m.): [sea-gull, gull] < dolgskári (noun m.)
[1] ‑skára: stála U
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
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magnandi (noun m.): strengthener
[2] magnandi: so Tˣ, A, B, 2368ˣ, magnaði R, C, magnandi at U, ‘magandi’ 743ˣ
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stýra (verb): steer, control
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1. Huginn (noun m.): Huginn
[3] Hugins: ‘hugi[…]s’ B, ‘hugins’ 744ˣ, hug með 2368ˣ, hugsins 743ˣ
[3] Hugins ‘of Huginn’s <raven’s>’: Huginn (from hugi or hugr ‘mind’) was one of Óðinn’s ravens in Old Norse myth. See Note to Þul Hrafns 1/2 and Muninn in Frag 7/3 below.
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1. Huginn (noun m.): Huginn
[3] Hugins: ‘hugi[…]s’ B, ‘hugins’ 744ˣ, hug með 2368ˣ, hugsins 743ˣ
[3] Hugins ‘of Huginn’s <raven’s>’: Huginn (from hugi or hugr ‘mind’) was one of Óðinn’s ravens in Old Norse myth. See Note to Þul Hrafns 1/2 and Muninn in Frag 7/3 below.
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bregða (verb; °bregðr/brigðr; brá, brugðu; brugðinn/brogðinn): pull, jerk, break; change
[3] bregðr: berr C
[3] bregðr harmi ‘puts an end to its grief’: The grief of a raven or an eagle is its hunger.
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1. harmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sorrow, grief
[3] bregðr harmi ‘puts an end to its grief’: The grief of a raven or an eagle is its hunger.
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1. harmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sorrow, grief
[4] harmr blik‑: ‘har[…]’ B, ‘harmr bli .’ 744ˣ, harmblik C; harmr: ‘h'nar’ U
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blik (noun n.): gleam < bliksól (noun f.)
[4] harmr blik‑: ‘har[…]’ B, ‘harmr bli .’ 744ˣ, harmblik C
[4] bliksólar ‘of the gleam-sun [SHIELD]’: This is an incomplete kenning for ‘shield’. Finnur Jónsson emends to borðsólar ‘of the gunwale-sun’ (LP: bliksól) or barðsólar ‘of the prow-sun’ (Skj B), i.e. ‘shield’. According to Kock (NN §3102), blik means ‘gold’, and he takes the cpd in the sense ‘the golden sun’ i.e. ‘the shield’. ‘Gold’ never serves as a determinant in kennings for ‘shield’, however (see Meissner 171-7). Faulkes (SnE 1998, I, 212) suggests that Garmi bliksólar ‘the Garmr of the shine of the sun’ could have been caused by scribal confusion with Mánagarmr (‘moon-hound’), the wolf that will eventually swallow the moon. It is possible that blik ‘gleam’, which frequently serves as a base-word in kennings for ‘sword’ (see Meissner 150), is used in an absolute meaning ‘sword’ (bliksól ‘sword-sun’ i.e. ‘shield’).
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blik (noun n.): gleam < bliksól (noun f.)
[4] harmr blik‑: ‘har[…]’ B, ‘harmr bli .’ 744ˣ, harmblik C
[4] bliksólar ‘of the gleam-sun [SHIELD]’: This is an incomplete kenning for ‘shield’. Finnur Jónsson emends to borðsólar ‘of the gunwale-sun’ (LP: bliksól) or barðsólar ‘of the prow-sun’ (Skj B), i.e. ‘shield’. According to Kock (NN §3102), blik means ‘gold’, and he takes the cpd in the sense ‘the golden sun’ i.e. ‘the shield’. ‘Gold’ never serves as a determinant in kennings for ‘shield’, however (see Meissner 171-7). Faulkes (SnE 1998, I, 212) suggests that Garmi bliksólar ‘the Garmr of the shine of the sun’ could have been caused by scribal confusion with Mánagarmr (‘moon-hound’), the wolf that will eventually swallow the moon. It is possible that blik ‘gleam’, which frequently serves as a base-word in kennings for ‘sword’ (see Meissner 150), is used in an absolute meaning ‘sword’ (bliksól ‘sword-sun’ i.e. ‘shield’).
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun < bliksól (noun f.)
[4] bliksólar ‘of the gleam-sun [SHIELD]’: This is an incomplete kenning for ‘shield’. Finnur Jónsson emends to borðsólar ‘of the gunwale-sun’ (LP: bliksól) or barðsólar ‘of the prow-sun’ (Skj B), i.e. ‘shield’. According to Kock (NN §3102), blik means ‘gold’, and he takes the cpd in the sense ‘the golden sun’ i.e. ‘the shield’. ‘Gold’ never serves as a determinant in kennings for ‘shield’, however (see Meissner 171-7). Faulkes (SnE 1998, I, 212) suggests that Garmi bliksólar ‘the Garmr of the shine of the sun’ could have been caused by scribal confusion with Mánagarmr (‘moon-hound’), the wolf that will eventually swallow the moon. It is possible that blik ‘gleam’, which frequently serves as a base-word in kennings for ‘sword’ (see Meissner 150), is used in an absolute meaning ‘sword’ (bliksól ‘sword-sun’ i.e. ‘shield’).
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun < bliksól (noun f.)
[4] bliksólar ‘of the gleam-sun [SHIELD]’: This is an incomplete kenning for ‘shield’. Finnur Jónsson emends to borðsólar ‘of the gunwale-sun’ (LP: bliksól) or barðsólar ‘of the prow-sun’ (Skj B), i.e. ‘shield’. According to Kock (NN §3102), blik means ‘gold’, and he takes the cpd in the sense ‘the golden sun’ i.e. ‘the shield’. ‘Gold’ never serves as a determinant in kennings for ‘shield’, however (see Meissner 171-7). Faulkes (SnE 1998, I, 212) suggests that Garmi bliksólar ‘the Garmr of the shine of the sun’ could have been caused by scribal confusion with Mánagarmr (‘moon-hound’), the wolf that will eventually swallow the moon. It is possible that blik ‘gleam’, which frequently serves as a base-word in kennings for ‘sword’ (see Meissner 150), is used in an absolute meaning ‘sword’ (bliksól ‘sword-sun’ i.e. ‘shield’).
[4] Garmi ‘Garmr <dog>’: Garmr is the dog whose barking foreshadows the end of the world in Old Norse myth (see Vsp 44/1, 49/1, 58/1).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Huginn is given as a name or heiti for ‘raven’ in both Skm and LaufE.
The metre is dunhent ‘echoing-rhymed’, a variant of dróttkvætt characterised by repetition of internal rhymes from the odd lines to the even lines (here -ár- : -ýr- : -ýr-, -erm- : -arm- : -arm-; see SnSt Ht 24). That metre is also used in Frag 8 below, and it could be that the two stanzas belonged to the same poem.
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