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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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ESk Frag 18III

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Fragments 18’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 168.

Einarr SkúlasonFragments
1718

‘did not’

(not checked:)
né (conj.): nor

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framlyndir ‘The confident ones’

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framlyndr (adj.): ambitious

[1] framlyndir: framlynd Tˣ, ‘framlý..dir’ 744ˣ

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fundu ‘discover’

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2. finna (verb): find, meet

[1] fundu: fundusk 744ˣ

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fyrr ‘earlier’

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fyrr (adv.): before, sooner

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hykkat ‘I do not believe’

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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider

[2] hykkat lô: ‘hyck acla’ Tˣ, hykkat ek lô C

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‘the wave’

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1. lá (noun f.; °; -r): surf

[2] hykkat lô: ‘hyck acla’ Tˣ, hykkat ek lô C

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kyrrðu ‘calmed’

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2. kyrra (verb): [calmed]

[2] kyrrðu: kyrra C

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þars ‘where’

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þars (conj.): where

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sær ‘the sea’

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sjór (noun m.): sea

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á ‘on’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

[3] á: um C

notes

[3] á við varra ‘on the wood of the wake [SHIP]’: Skj B separates the preposition á ‘on’ from the following nominal phrase and construes a prepositional phrase á vini óra ‘on our friends’, taking við varra ‘the wood of the wake’ as the object of kyrrðu ‘calmed’ (past inf., l. 2). Such a word order is otherwise unattested in skaldic syntax (see NN §961).

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við ‘the wood’

(not checked:)
1. viðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -u/-i): wood, tree

kennings

við varra;
‘the wood of the wake; ’
   = SHIP

the wood of the wake; → SHIP

notes

[3] á við varra ‘on the wood of the wake [SHIP]’: Skj B separates the preposition á ‘on’ from the following nominal phrase and construes a prepositional phrase á vini óra ‘on our friends’, taking við varra ‘the wood of the wake’ as the object of kyrrðu ‘calmed’ (past inf., l. 2). Such a word order is otherwise unattested in skaldic syntax (see NN §961).

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varra ‘of the wake’

(not checked:)
1. varr (noun m.): wake

[3] varra: ‘vorv’ R, fóru Tˣ, ‘varv’ A, ‘varo’ 744ˣ, ‘vara’ C

kennings

við varra;
‘the wood of the wake; ’
   = SHIP

the wood of the wake; → SHIP

notes

[3] varra (m. gen. pl.) ‘of the wake’: The ms. variants make no sense in this context, and the emendation is in keeping with earlier eds. Vǫrr can either mean ‘wake (of a ship)’ or ‘oar-stroke’, both of which are suitable as determinants in a kenning for ‘ship’. See also Note to Frag 12/2 above. — [3] á við varra ‘on the wood of the wake [SHIP]’: Skj B separates the preposition á ‘on’ from the following nominal phrase and construes a prepositional phrase á vini óra ‘on our friends’, taking við varra ‘the wood of the wake’ as the object of kyrrðu ‘calmed’ (past inf., l. 2). Such a word order is otherwise unattested in skaldic syntax (see NN §961).

Close

varra ‘of the wake’

(not checked:)
1. varr (noun m.): wake

[3] varra: ‘vorv’ R, fóru Tˣ, ‘varv’ A, ‘varo’ 744ˣ, ‘vara’ C

kennings

við varra;
‘the wood of the wake; ’
   = SHIP

the wood of the wake; → SHIP

notes

[3] varra (m. gen. pl.) ‘of the wake’: The ms. variants make no sense in this context, and the emendation is in keeping with earlier eds. Vǫrr can either mean ‘wake (of a ship)’ or ‘oar-stroke’, both of which are suitable as determinants in a kenning for ‘ship’. See also Note to Frag 12/2 above. — [3] á við varra ‘on the wood of the wake [SHIP]’: Skj B separates the preposition á ‘on’ from the following nominal phrase and construes a prepositional phrase á vini óra ‘on our friends’, taking við varra ‘the wood of the wake’ as the object of kyrrðu ‘calmed’ (past inf., l. 2). Such a word order is otherwise unattested in skaldic syntax (see NN §961).

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vini ‘friends’

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vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend

[4] vini óra: ‘ymi vra’ Tˣ

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óra ‘our’

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várr (pron.; °f. ór/vár; pl. órir/várir): our

[4] vini óra: ‘ymi vra’ Tˣ

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fell ‘fell’

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falla (verb): fall

[4] fell: fellr C

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stórum ‘violently’

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stórr (adj.): large, great

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Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

Lá is given among the heiti for ‘wave’ in Skm.

The sense of the helmingr is that, during a sea-voyage, the poet’s friends were surprised by a wave that either hit the ship or poured in over the railing.

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