ESk Frag 11III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Fragments 11’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 162.
kennings
hrafni gráns Heita;‘the horse of the hostile Heiti; ’
= SHIP
the horse of the hostile Heiti; → SHIP
notes
[1] gráns (m. or n. gen. sg.) ‘hostile’: The only word that can be qualified by this adj. is Heita (m. gen. sg.) ‘of Heiti’, and gráns Heita ‘of the hostile Heiti’ is taken here to refer to the raging ocean (see also Note to Þfagr Frag 1/3). Skj B and Skald emend to gránn (m. nom. sg.) and take the adj. with holmfjǫturr (m. nom. sg.): gránn holmfjǫturr ‘the grey island-fetter’. Faulkes (SnE 1998) adopts the U variant and reads stafnar snekkju grams ‘the prows of the king’s warship’, which causes a lack of internal rhyme in l. 1 and is not supported by the other ms. witnesses.
bera ‘bear’
(not checked:)
3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
gollna ‘golden’
(not checked:)
gullinn (adj.): golden
[1] gollna: so Tˣ, W, 744ˣ, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ, goldna R, gyllta U
spônu ‘plates’
(not checked:)
spán (noun f.): [plates, wood-chip]
gǫfug ‘glorious’
(not checked:)
gǫfugr (adj.; °gǫfgan/gǫfugan; compar. gǫfgari/gǫfugri, superl. gǫfgastr/gǫfugstr/gǫfugastr): noble, glorious
ferð ‘journey’
(not checked:)
ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey
es ‘is’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
sú ‘that’
[2] sú: sá 743ˣ
skýtr ‘pushes’
(not checked:)
skjóta (verb): shoot
holm ‘The island’
(not checked:)
holmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): island, islet < holmfjǫturr (noun m.): island-fetter
[3] holm‑: so W, 744ˣ, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ, ‘hvm‑’ R, ‘hiolm‑’ Tˣ, ‘hlomn‑’ U
kennings
Holmfjǫturr‘The island-fetter ’
= SEA
The island-fetter → SEA
fjǫturr ‘fetter’
(not checked:)
fjǫturr (noun m.): fetter < holmfjǫturr (noun m.): island-fetter
kennings
Holmfjǫturr‘The island-fetter ’
= SEA
The island-fetter → SEA
kennings
hrafni gráns Heita;‘the horse of the hostile Heiti; ’
= SHIP
the horse of the hostile Heiti; → SHIP
notes
[3] Heita ‘Heiti <sea-king>’: For this name, see Note to Þul Sea-kings l. 3.
hrafni ‘the horse’
(not checked:)
hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
[4] hrafni: hrafna 744ˣ
kennings
hrafni gráns Heita;‘the horse of the hostile Heiti; ’
= SHIP
the horse of the hostile Heiti; → SHIP
notes
[4] hrafni ‘the horse’: This is the name of a legendary horse and a heiti for ‘horse’ (see Note to Anon Þorgþ I 1/1, Þul Hesta 3/2 and Anon Kálfv 2/5-6).
snekkju ‘of the warship’
(not checked:)
snekkja (noun f.; °-u; -ur): warship
notes
[4] stafnar (m. nom. pl.) ‘the prows’: In keeping with earlier eds, the acc./gen. pl. stafna has been emended to nom. pl. to provide the missing subject for the verb bera (3rd pers. pl. pres. indic.) ‘bear’ (l. 1).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
As Frag 9-10 above in Skm. In LaufE, hólmfjǫturr ‘the island-fetter’ is given as one of the examples of sea-kennings.
In R, Tˣ, W and B the stanza is preceded by a brief prose link (ok enn kvað hann ‘and again he said’ R), and in LaufE it is attributed to Einarr Skúlason.
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