ESk Frag 1III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Fragments 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 151.
Hvargis ‘Wherever’
(not checked:)
hvargi (adv.): [Neither, wherever]
Beita ‘of Beiti’s’
(not checked:)
Beiti (noun m.): Beiti
kennings
Beita borgar bálgrimmustum.‘most fire-hostile of Beiti’s stronghold’
= GENEROUS MAN
to the fire of Beiti’s stronghold. → GOLD
most hostile of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
Beita ‘of Beiti’s’
(not checked:)
Beiti (noun m.): Beiti
kennings
Beita borgar bálgrimmustum.‘most fire-hostile of Beiti’s stronghold’
= GENEROUS MAN
to the fire of Beiti’s stronghold. → GOLD
most hostile of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
Beita ‘of Beiti’s’
(not checked:)
Beiti (noun m.): Beiti
kennings
Beita borgar bálgrimmustum.‘most fire-hostile of Beiti’s stronghold’
= GENEROUS MAN
to the fire of Beiti’s stronghold. → GOLD
most hostile of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
borgar ‘stronghold’
(not checked:)
borg (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -; -ir): city, stronghold
kennings
Beita borgar bálgrimmustum.‘most fire-hostile of Beiti’s stronghold’
= GENEROUS MAN
to the fire of Beiti’s stronghold. → GOLD
most hostile of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
borgar ‘stronghold’
(not checked:)
borg (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -; -ir): city, stronghold
kennings
Beita borgar bálgrimmustum.‘most fire-hostile of Beiti’s stronghold’
= GENEROUS MAN
to the fire of Beiti’s stronghold. → GOLD
most hostile of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
borgar ‘stronghold’
(not checked:)
borg (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -; -ir): city, stronghold
kennings
Beita borgar bálgrimmustum.‘most fire-hostile of Beiti’s stronghold’
= GENEROUS MAN
to the fire of Beiti’s stronghold. → GOLD
most hostile of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
kennings
Beita borgar bálgrimmustum.‘most fire-hostile of Beiti’s stronghold’
= GENEROUS MAN
to the fire of Beiti’s stronghold. → GOLD
most hostile of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
kennings
Beita borgar bálgrimmustum.‘most fire-hostile of Beiti’s stronghold’
= GENEROUS MAN
to the fire of Beiti’s stronghold. → GOLD
most hostile of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
grimmustum ‘most hostile’
(not checked:)
grimmr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): fierce < bálgrimmr (adj.)
[2] ‑grimmustum: so U, ‑grimmastan all others
kennings
Beita borgar bálgrimmustum.‘most fire-hostile of Beiti’s stronghold’
= GENEROUS MAN
to the fire of Beiti’s stronghold. → GOLD
most hostile of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[2] -grimmustum (m. dat. sg.) ‘most hostile’: So U. This sup. adj. qualifies hnossvin órum (m. dat. sg.) ‘our treasure-friend’ (l. 3), and ‑grimmastan (m. acc. sg.) in R, Tˣ, W and B is ungrammatical.
skála ‘hall’
(not checked:)
skáli (noun m.; °-a; -ar): hall
kennings
hôr vafrlogi skála heims‘the high flickering flame of the world’s hall ’
= SUN
the world’s hall → SKY
the high flickering flame of the SKY → SUN
skála ‘hall’
(not checked:)
skáli (noun m.; °-a; -ar): hall
kennings
hôr vafrlogi skála heims‘the high flickering flame of the world’s hall ’
= SUN
the world’s hall → SKY
the high flickering flame of the SKY → SUN
hôr ‘the high’
(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
kennings
hôr vafrlogi skála heims‘the high flickering flame of the world’s hall ’
= SUN
the world’s hall → SKY
the high flickering flame of the SKY → SUN
hnossvin ‘treasure-friend’
(not checked:)
hnossvinr (noun m.): [treasure-friend]
[3] hnossvin: hnossum Tˣ, B, hollum U
heims ‘of the world’s’
(not checked:)
heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
kennings
hôr vafrlogi skála heims‘the high flickering flame of the world’s hall ’
= SUN
the world’s hall → SKY
the high flickering flame of the SKY → SUN
heims ‘of the world’s’
(not checked:)
heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
kennings
hôr vafrlogi skála heims‘the high flickering flame of the world’s hall ’
= SUN
the world’s hall → SKY
the high flickering flame of the SKY → SUN
vafr ‘flickering’
(not checked:)
vafr- ((prefix)): [flickering] < vafrlogi (noun m.)
[4] vafr‑: vafrs‑ Tˣ
kennings
hôr vafrlogi skála heims‘the high flickering flame of the world’s hall ’
= SUN
the world’s hall → SKY
the high flickering flame of the SKY → SUN
notes
[4] vafrlogi ‘flickering flame’: Usually refers to an impregnable wall of fire surrounding women’s dwellings in myth and legend (see LP: vafrlogi, and e.g. Skí 8/3, 9/3). See also Note to Þul Elds 2/1 and Kommentar I, 57.
logi ‘flame’
(not checked:)
logi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): flame < vafrlogi (noun m.)
kennings
hôr vafrlogi skála heims‘the high flickering flame of the world’s hall ’
= SUN
the world’s hall → SKY
the high flickering flame of the SKY → SUN
notes
[4] vafrlogi ‘flickering flame’: Usually refers to an impregnable wall of fire surrounding women’s dwellings in myth and legend (see LP: vafrlogi, and e.g. Skí 8/3, 9/3). See also Note to Þul Elds 2/1 and Kommentar I, 57.
sveimar ‘hovers’
(not checked:)
sveima (verb): surge
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The helmingr illustrates one of several kennings for ‘sun’ (hôr vafrlogi skála heims ‘the high flickering flame of the world’s hall’) in Skm.
The helmingr is syntactically incomplete, and the preceding, now-lost four lines must have contained the missing main clause.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.