ESk Run 8II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Runhenda 8’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 556-7.
Drap ‘killed’
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drepa (verb; °drepr; drap, drápu; drepinn): kill, strike
dǫglingr ‘ruler’
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dǫglingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
gegn ‘The reliable’
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1. gegn (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -astr/-str): reliable
dreif ‘streamed’
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2. drífa (verb; °drífr; dreif, drifu; drifinn): drive, rush
strengjar ‘of the bow-string’
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strengr (noun m.; °-jar; -ir): string, rope, bow-string
[2] strengjar: strengja 42ˣ
kennings
regn strengjar‘the rain of the bow-string ’
= ARROWS
the rain of the bow-string → ARROWS
regn ‘the rain’
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regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain
kennings
regn strengjar‘the rain of the bow-string ’
= ARROWS
the rain of the bow-string → ARROWS
við ‘at’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
Skǫrpu ‘the Farne’
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Skarpa (noun f.): [Farne] < Skǫrpusker (noun n.)
[3] Skǫrpu‑: skarpa‑ F
notes
[3] Skǫrpusker ‘the Farne Islands’: Skǫrpusker can be lit. translated as ‘the sharp skerries’ and the p. n. is also found in Anon Krm 6/5VIII. These islands have been identified as the Farne Islands, two of which are still known as Little Scarcar and Big Scarcar. They are located off the coast of Northumbria (see Townend 1998, 69-70 and A. Taylor 1965, 132-3).
sker ‘Islands’
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sker (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): skerry < Skǫrpusker (noun n.)
notes
[3] Skǫrpusker ‘the Farne Islands’: Skǫrpusker can be lit. translated as ‘the sharp skerries’ and the p. n. is also found in Anon Krm 6/5VIII. These islands have been identified as the Farne Islands, two of which are still known as Little Scarcar and Big Scarcar. They are located off the coast of Northumbria (see Townend 1998, 69-70 and A. Taylor 1965, 132-3).
skjaldkœnan ‘the shield-skilled’
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skjaldkœnn (adj.): [shield-skilled]
[4] skjaldkœnan: ‘skiallkonan’ E, skaldkœnan Hr
her ‘company’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
Rauf ‘shattered’
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rjúfa (verb): break
styrjar ‘of strife’
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styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle
kennings
Garð styrjar‘The enclosure of strife ’
= SHIELD
The enclosure of strife → SHIELD
garð ‘The enclosure’
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garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard
kennings
Garð styrjar‘The enclosure of strife ’
= SHIELD
The enclosure of strife → SHIELD
þás ‘when’
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þás (conj.): when
støkkva ‘to scatter’
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1. støkkva (verb): (str.) leap, spring; scatter
varð ‘were forced’
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1. verða (verb): become, be
rand ‘by the rim’
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rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim < randǫlunn (noun m.): [by rim-fish]
[7] randǫlun: ‘ranndølom’ Mork
kennings
randǫlun,‘by the rim-fish, ’
= SWORD
by the rim-fish, → SWORD
notes
[7] randǫlun (m. dat. sg.) ‘by the rim-fish [SWORD]’: The nonsensical ‘ranndølom’ (so Mork) has been emended to randǫlun ‘rim-fish’ (so Skj B). Kock (NN §3107; Skald) suggests randrǫðli ‘rim-sun’ (i.e. ‘sword’) to achieve double alliteration. For a discussion of the word ǫlunn, possibly ‘mackerel’, see Nordgaard 1912, 56-7 and 57 n. 1. See also OHG alunt, alant, OS alund ‘whitefish’ (Leuciscus cephalus; AEW: ǫlunn).
ǫlun ‘fish’
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ǫlunn (noun m.): [fish] < randǫlunn (noun m.): [by rim-fish]
[7] randǫlun: ‘ranndølom’ Mork
kennings
randǫlun,‘by the rim-fish, ’
= SWORD
by the rim-fish, → SWORD
notes
[7] randǫlun (m. dat. sg.) ‘by the rim-fish [SWORD]’: The nonsensical ‘ranndølom’ (so Mork) has been emended to randǫlun ‘rim-fish’ (so Skj B). Kock (NN §3107; Skald) suggests randrǫðli ‘rim-sun’ (i.e. ‘sword’) to achieve double alliteration. For a discussion of the word ǫlunn, possibly ‘mackerel’, see Nordgaard 1912, 56-7 and 57 n. 1. See also OHG alunt, alant, OS alund ‘whitefish’ (Leuciscus cephalus; AEW: ǫlunn).
sótt ‘attacked’
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sœkja (verb): seek, attack
reiðmanna ‘of horsemen’
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reiðmaðr (noun m.): [horsemen]
gnótt ‘plenty’
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gnótt (noun f.): abundance
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