Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Øxarflokkr 8’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 148.
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dœgr (noun n.; °-s; -): day and night; 24h period
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2. þrymja (verb): resound, make noise
[1] þrymr: so R, U, þrumir W, Tˣ, A, B, C, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ
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2. hlýr (noun n.; °-s; -): cheek, bow < hlýrskildir (noun m.)
[2] hlýrskildir ræðr mildu: ‘[…]’ R
[2, 3] Heita blakks hlýrskildir ‘the shield-provider of the prow of Heiti’s <sea-king’s> horse [(lit. ‘prow-shield-provider of Heiti’s horse’) SHIP > SEA-WARRIOR]’: For a similar kenning for ‘sea-warrior’, see skildir brands skeiðar ‘shield-provider of the warship’s prow’ (Arn Hryn 7/3, 4II).
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2. hlýr (noun n.; °-s; -): cheek, bow < hlýrskildir (noun m.)
[2] hlýrskildir ræðr mildu: ‘[…]’ R
[2, 3] Heita blakks hlýrskildir ‘the shield-provider of the prow of Heiti’s <sea-king’s> horse [(lit. ‘prow-shield-provider of Heiti’s horse’) SHIP > SEA-WARRIOR]’: For a similar kenning for ‘sea-warrior’, see skildir brands skeiðar ‘shield-provider of the warship’s prow’ (Arn Hryn 7/3, 4II).
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skildir (noun m.): shield-giver < hlýrskildir (noun m.)
[2] hlýrskildir ræðr mildu: ‘[…]’ R; ‑skildir: ‑skildis C
[2, 3] Heita blakks hlýrskildir ‘the shield-provider of the prow of Heiti’s <sea-king’s> horse [(lit. ‘prow-shield-provider of Heiti’s horse’) SHIP > SEA-WARRIOR]’: For a similar kenning for ‘sea-warrior’, see skildir brands skeiðar ‘shield-provider of the warship’s prow’ (Arn Hryn 7/3, 4II).
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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
[2] hlýrskildir ræðr mildu: ‘[…]’ R; ræðr: réðu Tˣ
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mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous
[2] hlýrskildir ræðr mildu: ‘[…]’ R; mildu: mildum U, mildi C
[2, 3] Heita blakks hlýrskildir ‘the shield-provider of the prow of Heiti’s <sea-king’s> horse [(lit. ‘prow-shield-provider of Heiti’s horse’) SHIP > SEA-WARRIOR]’: For a similar kenning for ‘sea-warrior’, see skildir brands skeiðar ‘shield-provider of the warship’s prow’ (Arn Hryn 7/3, 4II).
[2, 3] Heita blakks hlýrskildir ‘the shield-provider of the prow of Heiti’s <sea-king’s> horse [(lit. ‘prow-shield-provider of Heiti’s horse’) SHIP > SEA-WARRIOR]’: For a similar kenning for ‘sea-warrior’, see skildir brands skeiðar ‘shield-provider of the warship’s prow’ (Arn Hryn 7/3, 4II).
[2, 3] Heita blakks hlýrskildir ‘the shield-provider of the prow of Heiti’s <sea-king’s> horse [(lit. ‘prow-shield-provider of Heiti’s horse’) SHIP > SEA-WARRIOR]’: For a similar kenning for ‘sea-warrior’, see skildir brands skeiðar ‘shield-provider of the warship’s prow’ (Arn Hryn 7/3, 4II).
[2, 3] Heita blakks hlýrskildir ‘the shield-provider of the prow of Heiti’s <sea-king’s> horse [(lit. ‘prow-shield-provider of Heiti’s horse’) SHIP > SEA-WARRIOR]’: For a similar kenning for ‘sea-warrior’, see skildir brands skeiðar ‘shield-provider of the warship’s prow’ (Arn Hryn 7/3, 4II).
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hvítr (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): white
[3] Heita blakks of hvítum: ‘[…]’ R; hvítum: ‘hv[…]’ U
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haf (noun n.; °-s; *-): sea < hafleygr (noun m.): ocean-flame
[4] hafleygr digulskafli: ‘[…]’ R
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1. leygr (noun m.): flame < hafleygr (noun m.): ocean-flame
[4] hafleygr digulskafli: ‘[…]’ R; ‑leygr: ‘‑læyr’ A, ‘‑ley’ B
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digull (noun m.; °diguls; diglar): crucible < digulskafl (noun m.): crucible-snowdrift
[4] hafleygr digulskafli: ‘[…]’ R
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skafl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): snow-drift < digulskafl (noun m.): crucible-snowdrift
[4] hafleygr digulskafli: ‘[…]’ R
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aldri (adv.): never
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mega (verb): may, might
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
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eldi (noun n.): fire
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1. áll (noun m.; °dat. ál; álar): eel
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1. áll (noun m.; °dat. ál; álar): eel
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hrynja (verb): fall, flow < hrynbraut (noun f.)
[6] hryn‑: ‘h[…]n‑’ U, dyn‑ C
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hrynja (verb): fall, flow < hrynbraut (noun f.)
[6] hryn‑: ‘h[…]n‑’ U, dyn‑ C
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1. braut (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ir): path, way; away < hrynbraut (noun f.)
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1. braut (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ir): path, way; away < hrynbraut (noun f.)
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skál (noun f.; °-ar, acc. -/-u; -ir/-ar): scales, cup
[6] skála: ‘[…]ala’ R
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allr (adj.): all
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2. viða (verb): gain, bring about
[7] viðr: so R, Tˣ, A, veðr W, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ, vinnr U, ‘[…]’ B, við 744ˣ, C
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folk (noun n.): people
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fellir (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i): slayer, feller
[7] fellir: ‘[…]’ R, ‘follir’ Tˣ, fellis C
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fram (adv.): out, forth, forwards, away < framræði (noun n.)
[8] framræði snæ: ‘[…]’ R
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ræði (noun n.; °; -): [deeds, exploit] < framræði (noun n.)
[8] framræði snæ: ‘[…]’ R; ‑ræði: ‑ræða C
[8] bræða ‘be melted’: The verb is used impersonally. The sense of the clause ‘never can snow of scales [SILVER] be melted by fire of the eel’s resounding road [SEA > GOLD]’ is that cold silver (‘snow’) cannot be melted by hot gold (‘fire’) because, unlike fire, gold does not give off any heat.
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Dœgr þrymr hvert, en hjarta |
Every day the sea-flame [GOLD] rests on the white crucible-snowdrift [SILVER], and the shield-provider of the prow of Heiti’s <sea-king’s> horse [(lit. ‘prow-shield-provider of Heiti’s horse’) SHIP > SEA-WARRIOR] has a generous heart. Never can snow of scales [SILVER] be melted by fire of the eel’s resounding road [SEA > GOLD]; the feller of armies [WARRIOR] performs all glorious deeds.
As st. 7 above. Snær skála ‘snow of scales’ is given as an example of a kenning for ‘gold’ in Skm, and in LaufE that kenning and digulskafl ‘crucible-snowdrift’ are listed as examples of kennings for ‘gold’. See Note to ll. 4, 6, 8 below.
This stanza follows st. 7 above in Skm, and it is preceded by Ok enn sem hann kvað ‘And again as he said’. In LaufE the stanza is mistakenly attributed to Einarr skálaglamm ‘Tinkle-scales’ Helgason (EskálI), the poet who composed the stanza (Eskál Hardr 1I) which precedes this stanza in that compilation. In 2368ˣ the stanza is presented as two separate helmingar. — Ms. R is damaged at the top of fol. 33r, and W, which offers the best readings, has been chosen as the main ms. Because B is almost impossible to read, 744ˣ has been used selectively here.
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