ESk Øxfl 2III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Øxarflokkr 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 142.
Eigi ‘does not’
(not checked:)
3. eigi (adv.): not
fyr ‘because of’
(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
augna ‘of the eyes’
(not checked:)
auga (noun n.; °auga; augu/augun, gen. augna): eye
kennings
regni augna beðvinu Óðs;‘the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; ’
= GOLD
the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; → GOLD
notes
[1-2, 3] regni augna beðvinu Óðs ‘the rain of the eyes [TEARS] of Óðr’s <mythical person’s> bedmate [= Freyja > GOLD]’: According to Old Norse myth, Óðr was Freyja’s husband. For Freyja weeping tears of gold, see Note to st. 1/1, 4 above.
augna ‘of the eyes’
(not checked:)
auga (noun n.; °auga; augu/augun, gen. augna): eye
kennings
regni augna beðvinu Óðs;‘the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; ’
= GOLD
the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; → GOLD
notes
[1-2, 3] regni augna beðvinu Óðs ‘the rain of the eyes [TEARS] of Óðr’s <mythical person’s> bedmate [= Freyja > GOLD]’: According to Old Norse myth, Óðr was Freyja’s husband. For Freyja weeping tears of gold, see Note to st. 1/1, 4 above.
Óðs ‘of Óðr’s’
(not checked:)
1. Óðr (noun m.; sb. m.)
kennings
regni augna beðvinu Óðs;‘the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; ’
= Freyja
the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; → GOLD
notes
[1-2, 3] regni augna beðvinu Óðs ‘the rain of the eyes [TEARS] of Óðr’s <mythical person’s> bedmate [= Freyja > GOLD]’: According to Old Norse myth, Óðr was Freyja’s husband. For Freyja weeping tears of gold, see Note to st. 1/1, 4 above.
Óðs ‘of Óðr’s’
(not checked:)
1. Óðr (noun m.; sb. m.)
kennings
regni augna beðvinu Óðs;‘the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; ’
= Freyja
the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; → GOLD
notes
[1-2, 3] regni augna beðvinu Óðs ‘the rain of the eyes [TEARS] of Óðr’s <mythical person’s> bedmate [= Freyja > GOLD]’: According to Old Norse myth, Óðr was Freyja’s husband. For Freyja weeping tears of gold, see Note to st. 1/1, 4 above.
kennings
regni augna beðvinu Óðs;‘the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; ’
= Freyja
the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; → GOLD
notes
[1-2, 3] regni augna beðvinu Óðs ‘the rain of the eyes [TEARS] of Óðr’s <mythical person’s> bedmate [= Freyja > GOLD]’: According to Old Norse myth, Óðr was Freyja’s husband. For Freyja weeping tears of gold, see Note to st. 1/1, 4 above.
kennings
regni augna beðvinu Óðs;‘the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; ’
= Freyja
the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; → GOLD
notes
[1-2, 3] regni augna beðvinu Óðs ‘the rain of the eyes [TEARS] of Óðr’s <mythical person’s> bedmate [= Freyja > GOLD]’: According to Old Norse myth, Óðr was Freyja’s husband. For Freyja weeping tears of gold, see Note to st. 1/1, 4 above.
kennings
Ramsvell ræfrs Róða‘The strong ice-sheet of Róði’s roof ’
= AXE/SWORD
Róði’s roof → SHIELD
The strong ice-sheet of the SHIELD → AXE/SWORD
notes
[2-3, 4] ramsvell ræfrs Róða ‘the strong ice-sheet of Róði’s <sea-king’s> roof [SHIELD > AXE/SWORD]’: Again an ambiguous kenning for a type of weapon (see Note to st. 1/2, 3 above), although the base-word, svell ‘ice-sheet’, usually occurs in kennings for ‘sword’ (LP: svell). Kock (NN §2793) suggests that this kenning denotes ‘silver’ and that þverr ‘diminishes’ (l. 1) means ‘melt’. A silver-kenning with the base-word svell qualified by a determinant ‘shield’ is highly irregular, however. For Róði, see Note to Þul Sea-kings l. 5. The kenning ræfr Róða ‘Róði’s roof’ is a conventional kenning for ‘shield’ in which ræfr ‘roof’ denotes a shield as ‘cover, overhead protection’ (see Meissner 170-1).
kennings
Ramsvell ræfrs Róða‘The strong ice-sheet of Róði’s roof ’
= AXE/SWORD
Róði’s roof → SHIELD
The strong ice-sheet of the SHIELD → AXE/SWORD
notes
[2-3, 4] ramsvell ræfrs Róða ‘the strong ice-sheet of Róði’s <sea-king’s> roof [SHIELD > AXE/SWORD]’: Again an ambiguous kenning for a type of weapon (see Note to st. 1/2, 3 above), although the base-word, svell ‘ice-sheet’, usually occurs in kennings for ‘sword’ (LP: svell). Kock (NN §2793) suggests that this kenning denotes ‘silver’ and that þverr ‘diminishes’ (l. 1) means ‘melt’. A silver-kenning with the base-word svell qualified by a determinant ‘shield’ is highly irregular, however. For Róði, see Note to Þul Sea-kings l. 5. The kenning ræfr Róða ‘Róði’s roof’ is a conventional kenning for ‘shield’ in which ræfr ‘roof’ denotes a shield as ‘cover, overhead protection’ (see Meissner 170-1).
ræfrs ‘roof’
(not checked:)
2. ræfr (noun n.): roof
[3] ræfrs: so Tˣ(29r), Tˣ(35v), W(77), ræfs R(28r), W(73), ræfr R(34r), U(30v), U(33r), A, C
kennings
Ramsvell ræfrs Róða‘The strong ice-sheet of Róði’s roof ’
= AXE/SWORD
Róði’s roof → SHIELD
The strong ice-sheet of the SHIELD → AXE/SWORD
notes
[2-3, 4] ramsvell ræfrs Róða ‘the strong ice-sheet of Róði’s <sea-king’s> roof [SHIELD > AXE/SWORD]’: Again an ambiguous kenning for a type of weapon (see Note to st. 1/2, 3 above), although the base-word, svell ‘ice-sheet’, usually occurs in kennings for ‘sword’ (LP: svell). Kock (NN §2793) suggests that this kenning denotes ‘silver’ and that þverr ‘diminishes’ (l. 1) means ‘melt’. A silver-kenning with the base-word svell qualified by a determinant ‘shield’ is highly irregular, however. For Róði, see Note to Þul Sea-kings l. 5. The kenning ræfr Róða ‘Róði’s roof’ is a conventional kenning for ‘shield’ in which ræfr ‘roof’ denotes a shield as ‘cover, overhead protection’ (see Meissner 170-1).
ræfrs ‘roof’
(not checked:)
2. ræfr (noun n.): roof
[3] ræfrs: so Tˣ(29r), Tˣ(35v), W(77), ræfs R(28r), W(73), ræfr R(34r), U(30v), U(33r), A, C
kennings
Ramsvell ræfrs Róða‘The strong ice-sheet of Róði’s roof ’
= AXE/SWORD
Róði’s roof → SHIELD
The strong ice-sheet of the SHIELD → AXE/SWORD
notes
[2-3, 4] ramsvell ræfrs Róða ‘the strong ice-sheet of Róði’s <sea-king’s> roof [SHIELD > AXE/SWORD]’: Again an ambiguous kenning for a type of weapon (see Note to st. 1/2, 3 above), although the base-word, svell ‘ice-sheet’, usually occurs in kennings for ‘sword’ (LP: svell). Kock (NN §2793) suggests that this kenning denotes ‘silver’ and that þverr ‘diminishes’ (l. 1) means ‘melt’. A silver-kenning with the base-word svell qualified by a determinant ‘shield’ is highly irregular, however. For Róði, see Note to Þul Sea-kings l. 5. The kenning ræfr Róða ‘Róði’s roof’ is a conventional kenning for ‘shield’ in which ræfr ‘roof’ denotes a shield as ‘cover, overhead protection’ (see Meissner 170-1).
eignisk ‘reach’
(not checked:)
eigna (verb; °-að-): acquire
[3] eignisk: ‘eignis’ U(30v), eignask A, C
sá ‘that’
[3] sá regni: so all others, ‘sva rengni’ R(28r)
notes
[3, 4] sá konungr ‘that king’: The identity of Einarr’s benefactor cannot be established, but he was likely a king of Norway. Einarr composed poetry in honour of many Norwegian kings during the years c. 1120-60 (see his Biography in SkP II).
regni ‘the rain’
(not checked:)
regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain
[3] sá regni: so all others, ‘sva rengni’ R(28r)
kennings
regni augna beðvinu Óðs;‘the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; ’
= GOLD
the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; → GOLD
notes
[1-2, 3] regni augna beðvinu Óðs ‘the rain of the eyes [TEARS] of Óðr’s <mythical person’s> bedmate [= Freyja > GOLD]’: According to Old Norse myth, Óðr was Freyja’s husband. For Freyja weeping tears of gold, see Note to st. 1/1, 4 above.
regni ‘the rain’
(not checked:)
regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain
[3] sá regni: so all others, ‘sva rengni’ R(28r)
kennings
regni augna beðvinu Óðs;‘the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; ’
= GOLD
the rain of the eyes of Óðr’s bedmate; → GOLD
notes
[1-2, 3] regni augna beðvinu Óðs ‘the rain of the eyes [TEARS] of Óðr’s <mythical person’s> bedmate [= Freyja > GOLD]’: According to Old Norse myth, Óðr was Freyja’s husband. For Freyja weeping tears of gold, see Note to st. 1/1, 4 above.
ram ‘The strong’
(not checked:)
rammr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): mighty < rammsvell (noun n.)
kennings
Ramsvell ræfrs Róða‘The strong ice-sheet of Róði’s roof ’
= AXE/SWORD
Róði’s roof → SHIELD
The strong ice-sheet of the SHIELD → AXE/SWORD
notes
[2-3, 4] ramsvell ræfrs Róða ‘the strong ice-sheet of Róði’s <sea-king’s> roof [SHIELD > AXE/SWORD]’: Again an ambiguous kenning for a type of weapon (see Note to st. 1/2, 3 above), although the base-word, svell ‘ice-sheet’, usually occurs in kennings for ‘sword’ (LP: svell). Kock (NN §2793) suggests that this kenning denotes ‘silver’ and that þverr ‘diminishes’ (l. 1) means ‘melt’. A silver-kenning with the base-word svell qualified by a determinant ‘shield’ is highly irregular, however. For Róði, see Note to Þul Sea-kings l. 5. The kenning ræfr Róða ‘Róði’s roof’ is a conventional kenning for ‘shield’ in which ræfr ‘roof’ denotes a shield as ‘cover, overhead protection’ (see Meissner 170-1).
svell ‘ice-sheet’
(not checked:)
svell (noun n.; °; -): ice < rammsvell (noun n.)
[4] ‑svell: so Tˣ(35v), W(77), A, ‑svelli R(28r), W(73), ‑svells R(34r), Tˣ(29r), C, ‘svel’ U(30v), U(33r)
kennings
Ramsvell ræfrs Róða‘The strong ice-sheet of Róði’s roof ’
= AXE/SWORD
Róði’s roof → SHIELD
The strong ice-sheet of the SHIELD → AXE/SWORD
notes
[2-3, 4] ramsvell ræfrs Róða ‘the strong ice-sheet of Róði’s <sea-king’s> roof [SHIELD > AXE/SWORD]’: Again an ambiguous kenning for a type of weapon (see Note to st. 1/2, 3 above), although the base-word, svell ‘ice-sheet’, usually occurs in kennings for ‘sword’ (LP: svell). Kock (NN §2793) suggests that this kenning denotes ‘silver’ and that þverr ‘diminishes’ (l. 1) means ‘melt’. A silver-kenning with the base-word svell qualified by a determinant ‘shield’ is highly irregular, however. For Róði, see Note to Þul Sea-kings l. 5. The kenning ræfr Róða ‘Róði’s roof’ is a conventional kenning for ‘shield’ in which ræfr ‘roof’ denotes a shield as ‘cover, overhead protection’ (see Meissner 170-1).
konungr ‘king’
(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
notes
[3, 4] sá konungr ‘that king’: The identity of Einarr’s benefactor cannot be established, but he was likely a king of Norway. Einarr composed poetry in honour of many Norwegian kings during the years c. 1120-60 (see his Biography in SkP II).
elli ‘old age’
(not checked:)
elli (noun f.; °-): old age
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In Skm, beðvina Óðs ‘Óðr’s bedmate’ is given as a kenning for the goddess Freyja (R(28r), Tˣ(29r), W(73), U(30v)), and ræfr Róða ‘Róði’s <sea-king’s> roof’ is one of many kennings for ‘shield’ (R(34r), Tˣ(35v), W(77), U(33r), A, C).
In R(28r), Tˣ(29r), W(73) and U(30v) this stanza follows st. 1 above, and it is attributed to Einarr (implicitly Skúlason) in all mss: Ok her hefir Einaʀ en … ‘And here Einarr has again …’ (R). The second citation is also attributed to Einarr in all mss, but no patronymic is given for him.
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