ESk Øxfl 10III
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Øxarflokkr 10’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 150.
Sjá ‘see’
(not checked:)
2. sjá (verb): see
megu ‘They can’
(not checked:)
mega (verb): may, might
rétt ‘rightly’
(not checked:)
3. réttr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): right, straight, direct
hvé ‘how’
(not checked:)
hvé (conj.): how
Ræfils ‘of Ræfill’s’
(not checked:)
1. Ræfill (noun m.): Ræfill
kennings
Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr.‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’
= SEAFARERS
Ræfill’s land. → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
riders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
notes
[1-2, 4] Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr ‘riders of the horse of Ræfill’s <sea-king’s> land [(lit. ‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’) SEA > SHIP > SEAFARERS]’: This kenning is taken as a form of address (see NN §959). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848-87, III), Skj B construes it as the subject of megu sjá ‘can see’, which creates a syntactically awkward, tripartite odd line. For the sea-king Ræfill, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 4/3.
Ræfils ‘of Ræfill’s’
(not checked:)
1. Ræfill (noun m.): Ræfill
kennings
Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr.‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’
= SEAFARERS
Ræfill’s land. → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
riders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
notes
[1-2, 4] Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr ‘riders of the horse of Ræfill’s <sea-king’s> land [(lit. ‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’) SEA > SHIP > SEAFARERS]’: This kenning is taken as a form of address (see NN §959). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848-87, III), Skj B construes it as the subject of megu sjá ‘can see’, which creates a syntactically awkward, tripartite odd line. For the sea-king Ræfill, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 4/3.
Ræfils ‘of Ræfill’s’
(not checked:)
1. Ræfill (noun m.): Ræfill
kennings
Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr.‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’
= SEAFARERS
Ræfill’s land. → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
riders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
notes
[1-2, 4] Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr ‘riders of the horse of Ræfill’s <sea-king’s> land [(lit. ‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’) SEA > SHIP > SEAFARERS]’: This kenning is taken as a form of address (see NN §959). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848-87, III), Skj B construes it as the subject of megu sjá ‘can see’, which creates a syntactically awkward, tripartite odd line. For the sea-king Ræfill, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 4/3.
ríðendr ‘riders’
(not checked:)
ríðandi (noun m.; °; ríðendr): rider
kennings
Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr.‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’
= SEAFARERS
Ræfill’s land. → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
riders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
notes
[1-2, 4] Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr ‘riders of the horse of Ræfill’s <sea-king’s> land [(lit. ‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’) SEA > SHIP > SEAFARERS]’: This kenning is taken as a form of address (see NN §959). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848-87, III), Skj B construes it as the subject of megu sjá ‘can see’, which creates a syntactically awkward, tripartite odd line. For the sea-king Ræfill, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 4/3.
við ‘near’
(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against
brô ‘the eyelash’
(not checked:)
1. brá (noun f.; °brár; brár): eyelash, eyebrow
kennings
brô Gríðar fjǫrnis,‘the eyelash of the Gríðr of the helmet, ’
= AXE-BLADE
the Gríðr of the helmet, → AXE
the eyelash of the AXE → AXE-BLADE
Gríðar ‘of the Gríðr’
(not checked:)
Gríðr (noun f.; °dat./acc. -i): [Gríðr, Gríður]
[2] Gríðar: ‘griþ[…]’ U
kennings
brô Gríðar fjǫrnis,‘the eyelash of the Gríðr of the helmet, ’
= AXE-BLADE
the Gríðr of the helmet, → AXE
the eyelash of the AXE → AXE-BLADE
notes
[2] Gríðar ‘of the Gríðr <giantess>’: For Gríðr, see Note to Þul Trollkvenna 1/3.
Gríðar ‘of the Gríðr’
(not checked:)
Gríðr (noun f.; °dat./acc. -i): [Gríðr, Gríður]
[2] Gríðar: ‘griþ[…]’ U
kennings
brô Gríðar fjǫrnis,‘the eyelash of the Gríðr of the helmet, ’
= AXE-BLADE
the Gríðr of the helmet, → AXE
the eyelash of the AXE → AXE-BLADE
notes
[2] Gríðar ‘of the Gríðr <giantess>’: For Gríðr, see Note to Þul Trollkvenna 1/3.
kennings
brô Gríðar fjǫrnis,‘the eyelash of the Gríðr of the helmet, ’
= AXE-BLADE
the Gríðr of the helmet, → AXE
the eyelash of the AXE → AXE-BLADE
kennings
brô Gríðar fjǫrnis,‘the eyelash of the Gríðr of the helmet, ’
= AXE-BLADE
the Gríðr of the helmet, → AXE
the eyelash of the AXE → AXE-BLADE
fagrt ‘beautifully’
(not checked:)
fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful
of ‘’
(not checked:)
4. of (particle): (before verb)
kennings
Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr.‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’
= SEAFARERS
Ræfill’s land. → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
riders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
notes
[1-2, 4] Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr ‘riders of the horse of Ræfill’s <sea-king’s> land [(lit. ‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’) SEA > SHIP > SEAFARERS]’: This kenning is taken as a form of address (see NN §959). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848-87, III), Skj B construes it as the subject of megu sjá ‘can see’, which creates a syntactically awkward, tripartite odd line. For the sea-king Ræfill, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 4/3.
kennings
Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr.‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’
= SEAFARERS
Ræfill’s land. → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
riders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
notes
[1-2, 4] Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr ‘riders of the horse of Ræfill’s <sea-king’s> land [(lit. ‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’) SEA > SHIP > SEAFARERS]’: This kenning is taken as a form of address (see NN §959). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848-87, III), Skj B construes it as the subject of megu sjá ‘can see’, which creates a syntactically awkward, tripartite odd line. For the sea-king Ræfill, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 4/3.
kennings
Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr.‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’
= SEAFARERS
Ræfill’s land. → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
riders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
notes
[1-2, 4] Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr ‘riders of the horse of Ræfill’s <sea-king’s> land [(lit. ‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’) SEA > SHIP > SEAFARERS]’: This kenning is taken as a form of address (see NN §959). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848-87, III), Skj B construes it as the subject of megu sjá ‘can see’, which creates a syntactically awkward, tripartite odd line. For the sea-king Ræfill, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 4/3.
viggs ‘of the horse’
(not checked:)
vigg (noun n.): steed < foldvigg (noun n.)
[4] ‑viggs: so W, U, A, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ, ‘vigs’ R, Tˣ
kennings
Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr.‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’
= SEAFARERS
Ræfill’s land. → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
riders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
notes
[1-2, 4] Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr ‘riders of the horse of Ræfill’s <sea-king’s> land [(lit. ‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’) SEA > SHIP > SEAFARERS]’: This kenning is taken as a form of address (see NN §959). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848-87, III), Skj B construes it as the subject of megu sjá ‘can see’, which creates a syntactically awkward, tripartite odd line. For the sea-king Ræfill, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 4/3.
viggs ‘of the horse’
(not checked:)
vigg (noun n.): steed < foldvigg (noun n.)
[4] ‑viggs: so W, U, A, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ, ‘vigs’ R, Tˣ
kennings
Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr.‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’
= SEAFARERS
Ræfill’s land. → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
riders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
notes
[1-2, 4] Ræfils foldviggs ríðendr ‘riders of the horse of Ræfill’s <sea-king’s> land [(lit. ‘riders of Ræfill’s land-horse’) SEA > SHIP > SEAFARERS]’: This kenning is taken as a form of address (see NN §959). Following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848-87, III), Skj B construes it as the subject of megu sjá ‘can see’, which creates a syntactically awkward, tripartite odd line. For the sea-king Ræfill, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 4/3.
drekar ‘dragons’
(not checked:)
dreki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): dragon, dragon-ship
notes
[4] drekar ‘dragons’: This refers to the ornamental dragon- or serpent-pattern engraved on the blade of an axe (see Falk 1914b, 118-19).
liggja ‘lie’
(not checked:)
liggja (verb): lie
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Gríðr fjǫrnis ‘the Gríðr of the helmet’ is listed as an example of an axe-kenning in Skm and LaufE.
In both Skm and LaufE this stanza follows st. 9 above, and the poet is identified as ‘Einarr’ in all mss.
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