Einarr Skúlason, Haraldsdrápa I 1

Kari Ellen Gade

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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ESk Hardr I 1^II

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Haraldsdrápa I 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 542-3.

Einarr Skúlason Haraldsdrápa I

1 2

Ótryggum ‘disloyal’

(not checked:)
ótryggr (adj.): [disloyal]

[1] Ótryggum: Ótryggjum FskAˣ, F, 42ˣ, ‘Bryggum’ E

lét ‘let’

(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done

[1] lét: lézt FskBˣ, FskAˣ, Kˣ, E, J2ˣ, 42ˣ, H, lét ek Hr

notes

[1] lét (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘let’: Hkr, Fsk, and H-Hr all have lézt (2nd pers. sg. pret. indic. m. v.), which would mean that the st. was recited in the presence of Haraldr. If that reading is retained, eljunfrár munnlituðr hrafns ‘the courage-quick mouth-colourer of the raven’ (ll. 2, 4) must be taken as a form of address (so most earlier eds).

eggjar ‘blades’

(not checked:)
1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade

eljun ‘The courage-’

(not checked:)
eljun (noun f.; °eljunar): energy < eljunfrár (adj.)

kennings

Eljunfrár munnlituðr hrafns
‘The courage-quick mouth-colourer of the raven ’
= WARRIOR
The courage-quick mouth-colourer of the raven → WARRIOR

notes

[2] eljunfrár ‘courage-quick’: So Mork, Kˣ. Eljunþrár ‘courage-tenacious’ (so all other mss) is a possible variant and has been adopted by most earlier eds.

þrár ‘’

(not checked:)
2. þrár (adj.): defiant, tenacious

frár ‘quick’

(not checked:)
frár (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -vastr/-str): agile, quick < eljunfrár (adj.)

[2] ‑frár: ‑þrár FskBˣ, FskAˣ, F, E, J2ˣ, 42ˣ, H, Hr

kennings

Eljunfrár munnlituðr hrafns
‘The courage-quick mouth-colourer of the raven ’
= WARRIOR
The courage-quick mouth-colourer of the raven → WARRIOR

notes

[2] eljunfrár ‘courage-quick’: So Mork, Kˣ. Eljunþrár ‘courage-tenacious’ (so all other mss) is a possible variant and has been adopted by most earlier eds.

und ‘beneath’

(not checked:)
3. und (prep.): under, underneath

hôri ‘lofty’

(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high

[2] hôri: ‘harre’ FskBˣ

Hveðn ‘Ven’

(not checked:)
Hveðn (noun f.): Ven

[3] Hveðn á: ‘h[...]’ FskBˣ

notes

[3] Hveðn ‘Ven’: Island in Øresund between Denmark and Sweden.

á ‘on’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

[3] Hveðn á: ‘h[...]’ FskBˣ

hǫlðum ‘freeholders’

(not checked:)
hǫlðr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): man

roðnar ‘be reddened’

(not checked:)
rjóða (verb): to redden

[3] roðnar: roðna F, E, J2ˣ, 42ˣ

hrafns ‘of the raven’

(not checked:)
hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven

[4] hrafns: ‘rams’ FskBˣ, FskAˣ

kennings

Eljunfrár munnlituðr hrafns
‘The courage-quick mouth-colourer of the raven ’
= WARRIOR
The courage-quick mouth-colourer of the raven → WARRIOR

munn ‘mouth-’

(not checked:)
munnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): mouth < munnlituðr (noun m.)

[4] munn‑: munnr FskAˣ

kennings

Eljunfrár munnlituðr hrafns
‘The courage-quick mouth-colourer of the raven ’
= WARRIOR
The courage-quick mouth-colourer of the raven → WARRIOR

brúðr ‘’

(not checked:)
brúðr (noun f.; °brúðar, dat. & acc. brúði; brúðir): woman, bride

lituðr ‘colourer’

(not checked:)
lituðr (noun m.): colourer < munnlituðr (noun m.)

[4] ‑lituðr: ‑brúðr FskBˣ, ‑litaðr FskAˣ, Kˣ

kennings

Eljunfrár munnlituðr hrafns
‘The courage-quick mouth-colourer of the raven ’
= WARRIOR
The courage-quick mouth-colourer of the raven → WARRIOR

þunnar ‘thin’

(not checked:)
þunnr (adj.): slender, thin

[4] þunnar: þunnan Hr

áðr ‘before’

(not checked:)
áðr (adv.; °//): before

notes

[5] áðr ‘before’: Skj B takes this adv. with the second cl. and construes the following reading: áðr Danir urðu at ganga á hǫnd ógnarprúðum ulfnistanda, þars hræskurðr missti hungr ‘before the Danes were obliged to surrender to the terror-proud wolf-feeder, where the corpse-cleaver lost its hunger’ (ll. 5-8). That reading creates an unprecedented tripartite l. (l. 5), and Kock (NN §922) takes ógnarprúðum ulfnistanda (m. dat. sg.) ‘the terror-proud wolf-feeder’ (ll. 5-6) as an absolute dat. of agency (þars hræskurðr missti hungr ógnarprúðum ulfnistanda ‘where the corpse-cleaver lost its hunger on account of the terror-proud wolf-feeder’). Such a construction is, however, unattested (see NS §100 anm. 2).

þars ‘where’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

ógnar ‘to the battle’

(not checked:)
ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle < ógnarprúðr (adj.)

kennings

ógnarprúðum ulfnistanda.
‘to the battle-proud wolf-feeder.’
= WARRIOR
to the battle-proud wolf-feeder. → WARRIOR

prúðum ‘proud’

(not checked:)
prúðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): magnificent, proud < ógnarprúðr (adj.)

kennings

ógnarprúðum ulfnistanda.
‘to the battle-proud wolf-feeder.’
= WARRIOR
to the battle-proud wolf-feeder. → WARRIOR

ulf ‘wolf’

(not checked:)
1. ulfr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): wolf < ulfnistandi (noun m.)

kennings

ógnarprúðum ulfnistanda.
‘to the battle-proud wolf-feeder.’
= WARRIOR
to the battle-proud wolf-feeder. → WARRIOR

nistanda ‘feeder’

(not checked:)
nistandi (noun m.): feeder < ulfnistandi (noun m.)

kennings

ógnarprúðum ulfnistanda.
‘to the battle-proud wolf-feeder.’
= WARRIOR
to the battle-proud wolf-feeder. → WARRIOR

missti ‘lost’

(not checked:)
2. missa (verb): lose, lack

[6] missti: misstu Mork

kennings

hræskurðr
‘the carrion-cleaver ’
= RAVEN/EAGLE
the carrion-cleaver → RAVEN/EAGLE

skurðr ‘cleaver’

(not checked:)
skurðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/-i; -ir): [grooves, cleaver] < hræskurðr (noun m.)

kennings

hræskurðr
‘the carrion-cleaver ’
= RAVEN/EAGLE
the carrion-cleaver → RAVEN/EAGLE

Danir ‘the Danes’

(not checked:)
dan (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): Dane

urðu ‘were obliged’

(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be

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ESk Hardr I 1II

Ótryggum ‘disloyal’

lét ‘let’

notes

eggjar ‘blades’

eljun ‘The courage-’

kennings

notes

þrár ‘’

frár ‘quick’

kennings

notes

und ‘beneath’

hôri ‘lofty’

Hveðn ‘Ven’

notes

á ‘on’

hǫlðum ‘freeholders’

roðnar ‘be reddened’

hrafns ‘of the raven’

kennings

munn ‘mouth-’

kennings

brúðr ‘’

lituðr ‘colourer’

kennings

þunnar ‘thin’

áðr ‘before’

notes

þars ‘where’

ógnar ‘to the battle’

kennings

prúðum ‘proud’

kennings

ulf ‘wolf’

kennings

nistanda ‘feeder’

kennings

missti ‘lost’

hungr ‘hunger’

á ‘’

hǫnd ‘’

at ‘to’

ganga ‘surrender’

hræ ‘the carrion’

kennings

skurðr ‘cleaver’

kennings

Danir ‘the Danes’

urðu ‘were obliged’

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ESk Hardr I 1^II