ESk Geisl 68VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 68’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 62-3.
svát ‘so that’
(not checked:)
svát (conj.): so that, so as
notes
[1] svát ‘so that’: St. 68, joined to the preceding ll. by this subordinating conj., continues the prayer begun in the second helmingr of st. 67.
lausnara ‘of the Saviour’
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lausnari (noun m.; °-a;): saviour, redeemer
kennings
nafnkuðr langvinr lausnara‘the well-known old friend of the Saviour ’
= Óláfr
the well-known old friend of the Saviour → Óláfr
leysi ‘release’
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leysa (verb): release, loosen, redeem
lang ‘old’
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langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long < langvinr (noun m.): old friend
[2] langvinr: so Bb, ‘lang vinn’ Flat
kennings
nafnkuðr langvinr lausnara‘the well-known old friend of the Saviour ’
= Óláfr
the well-known old friend of the Saviour → Óláfr
vinr ‘friend’
(not checked:)
vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend < langvinr (noun m.): old friend
[2] langvinr: so Bb, ‘lang vinn’ Flat
kennings
nafnkuðr langvinr lausnara‘the well-known old friend of the Saviour ’
= Óláfr
the well-known old friend of the Saviour → Óláfr
frá ‘from’
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frá (prep.): from
kvǫl ‘torment’
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kvǫl (noun f.; °-ar; -ar/-ir): torment, torture
strangri ‘the great’
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strangr (adj.): strong
nýta ‘able’
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nýtr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. nýztr/nýtastr): useful, able
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
þjóð ‘people’
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
ok ‘’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
notes
[3, 4] ór nauðum við trú ‘from distress on account of the faith’: Taking Flat’s ór rather than Bb’s ok (favoured by both Skj B and Skald), the phrase must be read as in apposition to frá strangri kvǫl ‘from great torment’ (l. 2). Bb’s text allows the reading frá strangri kvǫl ok nauðum við trú ‘from great torment and distress on account of the faith’.
nauðum ‘distress’
(not checked:)
neyð (noun f.; °dat. -): need, distress
notes
[3, 4] ór nauðum við trú ‘from distress on account of the faith’: Taking Flat’s ór rather than Bb’s ok (favoured by both Skj B and Skald), the phrase must be read as in apposition to frá strangri kvǫl ‘from great torment’ (l. 2). Bb’s text allows the reading frá strangri kvǫl ok nauðum við trú ‘from great torment and distress on account of the faith’.
nafn ‘the well’
(not checked:)
nafn (noun n.; °-s; *-): name < nafnkunnr (adj.): [famous]
[4] nafnkuðr: ‘nagl kvaddr’ Bb
kennings
nafnkuðr langvinr lausnara‘the well-known old friend of the Saviour ’
= Óláfr
the well-known old friend of the Saviour → Óláfr
kuðr ‘known’
(not checked:)
kunnr (adj.): known (?) < nafnkunnr (adj.): [famous]
[4] nafnkuðr: ‘nagl kvaddr’ Bb
kennings
nafnkuðr langvinr lausnara‘the well-known old friend of the Saviour ’
= Óláfr
the well-known old friend of the Saviour → Óláfr
stadda ‘///’
(not checked:)
2. steðja (verb): stop, place
við ‘on account of’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
notes
[3, 4] ór nauðum við trú ‘from distress on account of the faith’: Taking Flat’s ór rather than Bb’s ok (favoured by both Skj B and Skald), the phrase must be read as in apposition to frá strangri kvǫl ‘from great torment’ (l. 2). Bb’s text allows the reading frá strangri kvǫl ok nauðum við trú ‘from great torment and distress on account of the faith’.
trú ‘the faith’
(not checked:)
trú (noun f.; °-ar): faith, belief
notes
[3, 4] ór nauðum við trú ‘from distress on account of the faith’: Taking Flat’s ór rather than Bb’s ok (favoured by both Skj B and Skald), the phrase must be read as in apposition to frá strangri kvǫl ‘from great torment’ (l. 2). Bb’s text allows the reading frá strangri kvǫl ok nauðum við trú ‘from great torment and distress on account of the faith’.
stadda ‘’
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2. steðja (verb): stop, place
þar ‘there’
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þar (adv.): there
víga ‘of battle’
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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle
kennings
veljendr skýs víga,‘choosers of the cloud of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the cloud of battle → SHIELD
choosers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
víga ‘of battle’
(not checked:)
víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle
kennings
veljendr skýs víga,‘choosers of the cloud of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the cloud of battle → SHIELD
choosers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
skýs ‘of the cloud’
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ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud
kennings
veljendr skýs víga,‘choosers of the cloud of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the cloud of battle → SHIELD
choosers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
skýs ‘of the cloud’
(not checked:)
ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud
kennings
veljendr skýs víga,‘choosers of the cloud of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the cloud of battle → SHIELD
choosers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
þeir ‘those’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[5] þeirs (‘þeir er’): ‘þar er’ Bb
glaðir ‘///’
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2. glaðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cheerful, glad
vísa ‘prince’
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vísi (noun m.; °-a): leader
veljendr ‘choosers’
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veljandi (noun m.): [choosers, chooser]
[6] veljendr: ‘velendr’ Flat, ‘velivndr’ Bb
kennings
veljendr skýs víga,‘choosers of the cloud of battle ’
= WARRIORS
the cloud of battle → SHIELD
choosers of the SHIELD → WARRIORS
glaðir ‘’
(not checked:)
2. glaðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cheerful, glad
framan ‘splendid’
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framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost
[6] framan: glaðir Bb
notes
[6] framan ‘splendid’: The reading of Flat, here understood as an adj. qualifying þenna brag ‘this poem’ (l. 8). Other eds choose Bb’s reading glaðir ‘happy’ (l. 6), which can be construed with the base-word of the kenning for warriors, veljendr.
telja ‘tell’
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telja (verb): tell, count
ǫflugs ‘of mighty’
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ǫflugr (adj.): mighty, strong
af ‘about’
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af (prep.): from
ôstum ‘the love’
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ást (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): love
al ‘’
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al- ((prefix)): very < alnenninn (adj.): [very active]
[8] alnennins: so Bb, ‘almenins’ Flat
nennins ‘of the energetic’
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nenninn (adj.): vigorous < alnenninn (adj.): [very active]
[8] alnennins: so Bb, ‘almenins’ Flat
brag ‘poem’
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bragr (noun m.; °-ar): poem, poetry
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
svát lausnara leysi |
so that the well-known old friend of the Saviour [= Óláfr] might constantly release able people from the great torment, from distress on account of the faith, those choosers of the cloud of battle [SHIELD > WARRIORS] who tell this splendid poem of the energetic prince about the love of mighty Christ.
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