Anon Andr 2^VII

Yfir ‘The chief’

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yfir (prep.): over < yfirpostuli (noun m.): chief Apostle

notes

[1] yfirpostulinn ástar ‘the chief apostle of love’: The poet seems to apply to Andrew an epithet usually reserved for John, who is regularly referred to as the ‘Apostle of love’ on account of his teachings on brotherly love (cf. 1 John IV.7-20), or because of his identification as ‘the beloved disciple’ (John XIII.23; cf. Note to Alpost 4/1).

postulinn ‘Apostle’

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postuli (noun m.; °-a; -ar): apostle < yfirpostuli (noun m.): chief Apostle

notes

[1] yfirpostulinn ástar ‘the chief apostle of love’: The poet seems to apply to Andrew an epithet usually reserved for John, who is regularly referred to as the ‘Apostle of love’ on account of his teachings on brotherly love (cf. 1 John IV.7-20), or because of his identification as ‘the beloved disciple’ (John XIII.23; cf. Note to Alpost 4/1).

ástar ‘of love’

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ást (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): love

notes

[1] yfirpostulinn ástar ‘the chief apostle of love’: The poet seems to apply to Andrew an epithet usually reserved for John, who is regularly referred to as the ‘Apostle of love’ on account of his teachings on brotherly love (cf. 1 John IV.7-20), or because of his identification as ‘the beloved disciple’ (John XIII.23; cf. Note to Alpost 4/1).

Andréas ‘Andrew’

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Andreas (noun m.): [Andrew]

var ‘was’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

með ‘with’

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með (prep.): with

[2] með: nú 669cˣ

notes

[2] með bandi ‘with a bond’: Accounts of Andrew’s crucifixion generally agree that he was bound, rather than nailed, to his cross (see Cross 1979, 170). There is a detailed description in the Passio Sancti Andreae apostoli 10 (Bonnet 1898, 23/8-4/2), rendered in Andr²A 378/37-9/4: Þá reiddiz Egeas ok bauð ath krossfesta skylldi heilagan Andream sva firirsegiandi kveliarum, at þeir skylldi binda hendr hans ok fætr ꜳ krossinum ok þenia hann ut sva sem i stagli, en negla hann eigi, sva at hann dæi skiott, helldr at hann pindiz langri kvǫl ‘Then Aegeas became angry and ordered that the holy Andrew should be crucified, dictating to the torturers thus, that they should bind his hands and feet to the cross and stretch him out as if on a rack, but not to nail him so that he would die quickly; rather so that he would be tortured by long drawn-out torment’ (cf. Andr¹Frg656 347/6-8, 30; Andr SÁM 1 398/28-31, 399/10; Andr⁴ 409/35-39, 410/26-27). The same detail is retained in the brief Postulatal in Ms. Holm perg. fol. nr. 5, 59va/31-4, where it is recorded that Andres postoli uar krossfestr j borg þeire er Pátrás heitir ... hann uar pindr under uallde Egéé jarls ok uar bundinn ꜳ kross ‘The Apostle Andrew was crucified in the town called Patras ... he was tortured at the command of Earl Aegeas and was bound onto a cross’ (Foote 1976, 154). The brief lists of the ‘fates of the Apostles’ in AM 764 4°, 16v/20 and AM 660 4°, 23v (Foote 1976, 153) record simply that Andrew was krossfestr. Cf. Note to Alpost 3/2.

bandi ‘a bond’

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band (noun n.; °-s; *-): band, bond

notes

[2] með bandi ‘with a bond’: Accounts of Andrew’s crucifixion generally agree that he was bound, rather than nailed, to his cross (see Cross 1979, 170). There is a detailed description in the Passio Sancti Andreae apostoli 10 (Bonnet 1898, 23/8-4/2), rendered in Andr²A 378/37-9/4: Þá reiddiz Egeas ok bauð ath krossfesta skylldi heilagan Andream sva firirsegiandi kveliarum, at þeir skylldi binda hendr hans ok fætr ꜳ krossinum ok þenia hann ut sva sem i stagli, en negla hann eigi, sva at hann dæi skiott, helldr at hann pindiz langri kvǫl ‘Then Aegeas became angry and ordered that the holy Andrew should be crucified, dictating to the torturers thus, that they should bind his hands and feet to the cross and stretch him out as if on a rack, but not to nail him so that he would die quickly; rather so that he would be tortured by long drawn-out torment’ (cf. Andr¹Frg656 347/6-8, 30; Andr SÁM 1 398/28-31, 399/10; Andr⁴ 409/35-39, 410/26-27). The same detail is retained in the brief Postulatal in Ms. Holm perg. fol. nr. 5, 59va/31-4, where it is recorded that Andres postoli uar krossfestr j borg þeire er Pátrás heitir ... hann uar pindr under uallde Egéé jarls ok uar bundinn ꜳ kross ‘The Apostle Andrew was crucified in the town called Patras ... he was tortured at the command of Earl Aegeas and was bound onto a cross’ (Foote 1976, 154). The brief lists of the ‘fates of the Apostles’ in AM 764 4°, 16v/20 and AM 660 4°, 23v (Foote 1976, 153) record simply that Andrew was krossfestr. Cf. Note to Alpost 3/2.

festr ‘tied’

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2. festa (verb): fasten, betrothe, promise

[3] festr á *: festr á með 194 8°, ‘festr ꜳ med’ 669cˣ

á ‘on’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

[3] festr á *: festr á með 194 8°, ‘festr ꜳ med’ 669cˣ

* ‘’

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(non-lexical)

[3] festr á *: festr á með 194 8°, ‘festr ꜳ med’ 669cˣ

kross ‘a cross’

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kross (noun m.; °-, dat. -i; -ar): cross, crucifix

og ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

Kristi ‘to Christ’

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Kristr (noun m.; °-s/-, dat. -i; -ar): Christ

kærr ‘dear’

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kærr (adj.; °superl. kǽrstr/kǽrastr): dear

miðviku ‘midweek’

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miðvika (noun f.): [midweek]

notes

[4-7] næri miðviku ... föstudag ‘near midweek ... on a Friday [lit. day of fast]’: In referring to Andrew as ‘bound on a cross ... near midweek’ and passing to glory on a Friday, the poet draws an obvious parallel between the crucifixion of Andrew and Christ, betrayed on a Wednesday, crucified on a Friday. He likewise recalls the tradition that Andrew’s crucifixion extended over two days, a detail regularly included in accounts of S. Andrew’s martyrdom (see Cross 1979, 170; cf. Beda, Martyrologium, col. 1120A; Passio Sancti Andreae 12 [Bonnet 1898, 29/2-3]; Andr¹Frg656 348/3-4; Andr²A 380/16-17; Andr SÁM 1 399/11-12; Andr⁴ 411/2, as well as in prayers [see Gjerløw 1980, I, 177: Alpirsbach], and hymns to S. Andrew [AH 51, 162, no. 139/3; Mone 1853-5, III, 96, nos 688/10-12, 696/16-17; Kehrein 1873, no. 400, v. 8]).

næri ‘near’

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næri (adv.): near

notes

[4-7] næri miðviku ... föstudag ‘near midweek ... on a Friday [lit. day of fast]’: In referring to Andrew as ‘bound on a cross ... near midweek’ and passing to glory on a Friday, the poet draws an obvious parallel between the crucifixion of Andrew and Christ, betrayed on a Wednesday, crucified on a Friday. He likewise recalls the tradition that Andrew’s crucifixion extended over two days, a detail regularly included in accounts of S. Andrew’s martyrdom (see Cross 1979, 170; cf. Beda, Martyrologium, col. 1120A; Passio Sancti Andreae 12 [Bonnet 1898, 29/2-3]; Andr¹Frg656 348/3-4; Andr²A 380/16-17; Andr SÁM 1 399/11-12; Andr⁴ 411/2, as well as in prayers [see Gjerløw 1980, I, 177: Alpirsbach], and hymns to S. Andrew [AH 51, 162, no. 139/3; Mone 1853-5, III, 96, nos 688/10-12, 696/16-17; Kehrein 1873, no. 400, v. 8]).

Lífið ‘life’

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lífi (noun n.; °-s): life

liet ‘gave up’

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láta (verb): let, have sth done

[5] liet: om. 194 8°, ‘[let]’ 669cˣ

með ‘with’

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með (prep.): with

gæfu ‘good fortune’

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gæfa (noun f.): luck, fortune

ljóss ‘The bright one’

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ljóss (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright

notes

[6] ljóss ‘the bright one’: To produce aðalhending with krossi, Finnur Jónsson prints ljoss (Skj B); but it is inherently unikely that the vowel of ljóss is short. Finnur likewise interprets ljóss as m. gen. sg., modifying fagnaðar, and translates ljóss ... fagnaðar guðs as guds lyse glæde ‘the bright joy of God’. Kock (NN §1756) points out that it is of course not unusual to find in any of the half-sts of Andr an adj. modifying the subject of the poem (cf. fýstr ‘eager’ 1/3; æstr ‘most noble’ 1/6; kærr ‘dear’ 2/4; prýddr ‘adorned’ 4/7), and suggests that ljóss functions in just this way here.

á ‘on the’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

helgum ‘holy’

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heilagr (adj.; °helgan; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): holy, sacred

krossi ‘cross’

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kross (noun m.; °-, dat. -i; -ar): cross, crucifix

föstudag ‘on a Friday’

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fǫstudagr (noun m.): Friday

notes

[4-7] næri miðviku ... föstudag ‘near midweek ... on a Friday [lit. day of fast]’: In referring to Andrew as ‘bound on a cross ... near midweek’ and passing to glory on a Friday, the poet draws an obvious parallel between the crucifixion of Andrew and Christ, betrayed on a Wednesday, crucified on a Friday. He likewise recalls the tradition that Andrew’s crucifixion extended over two days, a detail regularly included in accounts of S. Andrew’s martyrdom (see Cross 1979, 170; cf. Beda, Martyrologium, col. 1120A; Passio Sancti Andreae 12 [Bonnet 1898, 29/2-3]; Andr¹Frg656 348/3-4; Andr²A 380/16-17; Andr SÁM 1 399/11-12; Andr⁴ 411/2, as well as in prayers [see Gjerløw 1980, I, 177: Alpirsbach], and hymns to S. Andrew [AH 51, 162, no. 139/3; Mone 1853-5, III, 96, nos 688/10-12, 696/16-17; Kehrein 1873, no. 400, v. 8]).

sá ‘’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

er ‘who’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

fýstiz ‘yearned’

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fýsa (verb): desire, encourage

notes

[7-8] fýstiz af magni ‘yearned mightily’: Cf. LP: megin 1. for similar use of af magni in, e.g., Þham Magndr 3/2^II: bragningr skaut af magni ‘the prince shot mightily’, or Vǫls 134: ristu af magni | mikla hellu | Sigmundr hjǫrfi | ok Sinfjǫtli ‘with a sword Sigmundr and Sinfjǫtli sawed the great rock amain’. The phrase er fýstiz fagnaðar guðs ‘who yearned for the joy of God’ may recall Matt. XXV.21: Euge serve bone et fidelis ... intra in gaudium domini tui (‘Well done, good and faithful servant ... enter into the joy of your lord’), perhaps through association with the antiphon Euge, serve bone (CAO III, 211, no. 2734), although this reading is only rarely associated with the feast of S. Andrew (cf., e.g., Auctor incertus, Incipit sanctorale, col. 1265B). Cf. the rendering of Matt. XXV.21 in AM 672 4°, 61r (Kolsrud 1952, 64): gak þu ín j fagnad drottins þíns ‘go into the joy of your Lord’.

fagnaðar ‘for the joy’

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fǫgnuðr (noun m.; °fagnaðar; fagnaðir): joy

guðs ‘of God’

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1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God

af ‘’

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af (prep.): from

notes

[7-8] fýstiz af magni ‘yearned mightily’: Cf. LP: megin 1. for similar use of af magni in, e.g., Þham Magndr 3/2^II: bragningr skaut af magni ‘the prince shot mightily’, or Vǫls 134: ristu af magni | mikla hellu | Sigmundr hjǫrfi | ok Sinfjǫtli ‘with a sword Sigmundr and Sinfjǫtli sawed the great rock amain’. The phrase er fýstiz fagnaðar guðs ‘who yearned for the joy of God’ may recall Matt. XXV.21: Euge serve bone et fidelis ... intra in gaudium domini tui (‘Well done, good and faithful servant ... enter into the joy of your lord’), perhaps through association with the antiphon Euge, serve bone (CAO III, 211, no. 2734), although this reading is only rarely associated with the feast of S. Andrew (cf., e.g., Auctor incertus, Incipit sanctorale, col. 1265B). Cf. the rendering of Matt. XXV.21 in AM 672 4°, 61r (Kolsrud 1952, 64): gak þu ín j fagnad drottins þíns ‘go into the joy of your Lord’.

magni ‘mightily’

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magn (noun n.; °-s): strength

notes

[7-8] fýstiz af magni ‘yearned mightily’: Cf. LP: megin 1. for similar use of af magni in, e.g., Þham Magndr 3/2^II: bragningr skaut af magni ‘the prince shot mightily’, or Vǫls 134: ristu af magni | mikla hellu | Sigmundr hjǫrfi | ok Sinfjǫtli ‘with a sword Sigmundr and Sinfjǫtli sawed the great rock amain’. The phrase er fýstiz fagnaðar guðs ‘who yearned for the joy of God’ may recall Matt. XXV.21: Euge serve bone et fidelis ... intra in gaudium domini tui (‘Well done, good and faithful servant ... enter into the joy of your lord’), perhaps through association with the antiphon Euge, serve bone (CAO III, 211, no. 2734), although this reading is only rarely associated with the feast of S. Andrew (cf., e.g., Auctor incertus, Incipit sanctorale, col. 1265B). Cf. the rendering of Matt. XXV.21 in AM 672 4°, 61r (Kolsrud 1952, 64): gak þu ín j fagnad drottins þíns ‘go into the joy of your Lord’.