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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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ESk Geisl 65VII

Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 65’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 60.

Einarr SkúlasonGeisli
646566

hykk ‘I know’

(not checked:)
2. hyggja (verb): think, consider

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hingat ‘here’

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hingat (adv.): (to) here

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kvômu ‘brought’

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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

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hǫfuðs ‘’

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hǫfuð (noun n.; °-s; -): head < hǫfuðsmaðr (noun m.): leader

[2] hǫfuðsmenn: so Bb, hǫfuð manns Flat

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menn ‘the rulers’

(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person < hǫfuðsmaðr (noun m.): leader

[2] hǫfuðsmenn: so Bb, hǫfuð manns Flat

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í ‘to’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

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stað ‘place’

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1. staðr (noun m.; °-ar/-s; -ir): place

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snarr ‘the quick’

(not checked:)
snarr (adj.): gallant, bold

[3] snarr: snart Bb

kennings

snarr tyggi sólar
‘the quick prince of the sun ’
   = God

the quick prince of the sun → God
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tyggi ‘prince’

(not checked:)
tyggi (noun m.): prince, sovereign

kennings

snarr tyggi sólar
‘the quick prince of the sun ’
   = God

the quick prince of the sun → God
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seggjum ‘men’

(not checked:)
seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man

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sólar ‘of the sun’

(not checked:)
sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun

kennings

snarr tyggi sólar
‘the quick prince of the sun ’
   = God

the quick prince of the sun → God
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erki ‘an arch’

(not checked:)
erki- ((prefix)): arch- < erkistóll (noun m.): archbishopric

[4] erkistóli: so Bb, ‘erchistolar’ corrected from ‘erchisolar’ Flat

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stóli ‘bishopric’

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1. stóll (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): seat, throne < erkistóll (noun m.): archbishopric

[4] erkistóli: so Bb, ‘erchistolar’ corrected from ‘erchisolar’ Flat

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Hérs ‘Here there is’

(not checked:)
hér (adv.): here

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af ‘from’

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af (prep.): from

notes

[6, 8] heilagr viðr af krossi píningar ‘holy wood from the Cross of torture’: King Sigurðr Jórsalafari (‘Jerusalem-traveller’) brought the relic of Christ’s Cross to Trondheim after receiving it as a gift from Baldwin I of Jerusalem during a trip to Palestine in 1110 (Ágr, 50-1; Storm 1888, 66; Hkr, III, 250).

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himna ‘of the heavens’

(not checked:)
himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky

kennings

gervis himna;
‘of the maker of the heavens; ’
   = God

the maker of the heavens; → God

notes

[5] gervis himna ‘of the maker of the heavens’: A kenning for Christ, the creative word through whom God made the universe (Heb. I.1-2). The image of Christ as creator occurs frequently in hymns; Einarr would have known, e.g., Conditor alme siderum (AH 51, 46; Ordo Nidr., 131, 133, 135, 137-41, 144-5, 149-50); Regni cælestis conditor (AH 51, 3); Christe, cælorum conditor (AH 51, 41). Cf. also Mark Frag 1III.

Close

gervis ‘of the maker’

(not checked:)
gervir (noun m.): [maker]

kennings

gervis himna;
‘of the maker of the heavens; ’
   = God

the maker of the heavens; → God

notes

[5] gervis himna ‘of the maker of the heavens’: A kenning for Christ, the creative word through whom God made the universe (Heb. I.1-2). The image of Christ as creator occurs frequently in hymns; Einarr would have known, e.g., Conditor alme siderum (AH 51, 46; Ordo Nidr., 131, 133, 135, 137-41, 144-5, 149-50); Regni cælestis conditor (AH 51, 3); Christe, cælorum conditor (AH 51, 41). Cf. also Mark Frag 1III.

Close

heilagr ‘holy’

(not checked:)
heilagr (adj.; °helgan; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): holy, sacred

notes

[6, 8] heilagr viðr af krossi píningar ‘holy wood from the Cross of torture’: King Sigurðr Jórsalafari (‘Jerusalem-traveller’) brought the relic of Christ’s Cross to Trondheim after receiving it as a gift from Baldwin I of Jerusalem during a trip to Palestine in 1110 (Ágr, 50-1; Storm 1888, 66; Hkr, III, 250).

Close

viðr ‘wood’

(not checked:)
1. viðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -u/-i): wood, tree

notes

[6, 8] heilagr viðr af krossi píningar ‘holy wood from the Cross of torture’: King Sigurðr Jórsalafari (‘Jerusalem-traveller’) brought the relic of Christ’s Cross to Trondheim after receiving it as a gift from Baldwin I of Jerusalem during a trip to Palestine in 1110 (Ágr, 50-1; Storm 1888, 66; Hkr, III, 250).

Close

sem ‘as’

(not checked:)
sem (conj.): as, which

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yfirskjǫldungr ‘supreme king’

(not checked:)
yfirskjǫldungr (noun m.)

kennings

yfirskjǫldungr aldar,
‘supreme king of men, ’
   = God

supreme king of men, → God

notes

[7] yfirskjǫldungr aldar ‘supreme king of men [= God]’: The God-kenning reflects the kenning for the hierarchy in the first helmingr: the pope may be the head-man of the world, but God is ‘over-king of mankind’, the supreme ruler of everything. Cf. hæstr skjǫldungr ‘highest prince’, st. 6/7 and ins hæsta hilmis ‘of the highest king’, st. 67/7.

Close

aldar ‘of men’

(not checked:)
ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age

kennings

yfirskjǫldungr aldar,
‘supreme king of men, ’
   = God

supreme king of men, → God

notes

[7] yfirskjǫldungr aldar ‘supreme king of men [= God]’: The God-kenning reflects the kenning for the hierarchy in the first helmingr: the pope may be the head-man of the world, but God is ‘over-king of mankind’, the supreme ruler of everything. Cf. hæstr skjǫldungr ‘highest prince’, st. 6/7 and ins hæsta hilmis ‘of the highest king’, st. 67/7.

Close

píningar ‘of torture’

(not checked:)
píning (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u; -ar): torment

notes

[6, 8] heilagr viðr af krossi píningar ‘holy wood from the Cross of torture’: King Sigurðr Jórsalafari (‘Jerusalem-traveller’) brought the relic of Christ’s Cross to Trondheim after receiving it as a gift from Baldwin I of Jerusalem during a trip to Palestine in 1110 (Ágr, 50-1; Storm 1888, 66; Hkr, III, 250).

Close

krossi ‘the Cross’

(not checked:)
kross (noun m.; °-, dat. -i; -ar): cross, crucifix

notes

[6, 8] heilagr viðr af krossi píningar ‘holy wood from the Cross of torture’: King Sigurðr Jórsalafari (‘Jerusalem-traveller’) brought the relic of Christ’s Cross to Trondheim after receiving it as a gift from Baldwin I of Jerusalem during a trip to Palestine in 1110 (Ágr, 50-1; Storm 1888, 66; Hkr, III, 250).

Close

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

[1-4]: A reference to the establishment of the archdiocese of Trondheim in 1152, the visit of Cardinal Nicholas Breakspear to Norway, and his consecration of Jón Birgisson (who was in Einarr’s audience) as its first archbishop.

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