ESk Geisl 62VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 62’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 57-8.
Bíðr ‘experiences’
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bíða (verb; °bíðr; beið, biðu; beðit): wait, suffer, experience
alls ‘all’
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allr (adj.): all < allskonr (noun m.)
konar ‘kinds’
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konr (noun m.; °-ar): kind, descendant < allskonr (noun m.)
œðri ‘higher’
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œðri (adj. comp.): nobler, higher
ør ‘’
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ør- ((prefix)): [carefully] < øruggr (adj.)
notes
[2] øruggt ‘fearlessly’: The word ordinarily means ‘certainly’ or ‘confidently’, but its literal meaning is ‘without fear’, and here it may refer to Einarr’s unrestrained comments on the crimes of Sigurðr’s mother and brothers.
uggt ‘fearlessly’
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uggr (adj.): anxious, fearful < øruggr (adj.)
notes
[2] øruggt ‘fearlessly’: The word ordinarily means ‘certainly’ or ‘confidently’, but its literal meaning is ‘without fear’, and here it may refer to Einarr’s unrestrained comments on the crimes of Sigurðr’s mother and brothers.
sælu ‘of blessedness’
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1. sæla (noun f.; °-u; -ur): bliss
dýrðar ‘of glory’
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dýrð (noun f.; °-ar/-a(NoDipl(1279) 44²); -ir): glory
kennings
Dyggr váttr dýrðar‘The valiant witness of glory ’
= MARTYR
The valiant witness of glory → MARTYR
notes
[3] váttr dýrðar ‘witness of glory’: The kenning for Óláfr translates the concept ‘witness’, which is conveyed by the Church Lat. (ultimately Gk) martyr; cf. st. 6/1 and Pl 26/3.
váttr ‘witness’
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váttr (noun m.; °váttar; dat. vátt/vǽtti; váttar/vǽttir, acc. vátta/váttu/vǽtta): witness
kennings
Dyggr váttr dýrðar‘The valiant witness of glory ’
= MARTYR
The valiant witness of glory → MARTYR
notes
[3] váttr dýrðar ‘witness of glory’: The kenning for Óláfr translates the concept ‘witness’, which is conveyed by the Church Lat. (ultimately Gk) martyr; cf. st. 6/1 and Pl 26/3.
með ‘with’
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með (prep.): with
dróttni ‘the Lord’
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
dyggr ‘The valiant’
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dyggr (adj.; °dyggvan/dyggan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr/-str): trustworthy
[4] dyggr: so Bb, dyggri Flat
kennings
Dyggr váttr dýrðar‘The valiant witness of glory ’
= MARTYR
The valiant witness of glory → MARTYR
notes
[4] dyggr (m. nom. sg.) ‘valiant’: Bb’s adj. must be preferred here over Flat’s dyggri (comparative adj.), unless the latter is to be understood in a superlative sense ‘most valiant’.
an ‘than’
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2. an (conj.): than
þjóð ‘people’
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
ef ‘if’
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3. ef (conj.): if
of ‘’
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4. of (particle): (before verb)
hyggi ‘imagine’
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
ef ‘’
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3. ef (conj.): if
leysi ‘///’
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leysa (verb): release, loosen, redeem
lausnara ‘of the Saviour’
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lausnari (noun m.; °-a;): saviour, redeemer
kennings
vinr lausnara,‘the friend of the Saviour, ’
= SAINT
the friend of the Saviour, → SAINT
notes
[5, 6] vinr lausnara ‘the friend of the Saviour’: ‘Friend of God’ is one of Einarr’s favourite periphrases for Óláfr. Cf. langvinr lausnara st. 68/1-2; also sts 9/6-8, 63/1-4 and 64/8. Flat reads langvinr (l.7), but this would produce an unmetrical l.
leysi ‘’
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leysa (verb): release, loosen, redeem
notes
[5] lýsir (3rd pers. sg. pres. indic.) ‘proclaims’: Bb’s reading, preferable to Flat’s leysi ‘may loosen, determine’ (3rd pers. sg. pres. subj.), which does not give good sense in context.
liðs ‘of men’
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lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
valdr ‘the ruler’
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valdr (noun m.): ruler
langvinr ‘the /// friend’
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langvinr (noun m.): old friend
numinn ‘taken’
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1. nema (verb): to take
notes
[6] numinn aldri ‘taken from life’: Cf. numin lifi ‘taken from life’, st. 17/8 and numinn ungr heðan frá miklu angri ‘taken young from here, from great affliction’ 63/1, 4.
aldri ‘from life’
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aldr (noun m.; °aldrs, dat. aldri; aldrar): life, age
notes
[6] numinn aldri ‘taken from life’: Cf. numin lifi ‘taken from life’, st. 17/8 and numinn ungr heðan frá miklu angri ‘taken young from here, from great affliction’ 63/1, 4.
langvinr ‘’
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langvinr (noun m.): old friend
vinr ‘the friend’
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vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend
[7] vinr: so Bb, langvinr Flat
kennings
vinr lausnara,‘the friend of the Saviour, ’
= SAINT
the friend of the Saviour, → SAINT
notes
[5, 6] vinr lausnara ‘the friend of the Saviour’: ‘Friend of God’ is one of Einarr’s favourite periphrases for Óláfr. Cf. langvinr lausnara st. 68/1-2; also sts 9/6-8, 63/1-4 and 64/8. Flat reads langvinr (l.7), but this would produce an unmetrical l.
firði ‘kept’
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2. firra (verb): keep (from), remove
sik ‘himself’
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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
synðum ‘from sin’
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synð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): sin
slík ‘such’
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2. slíkr (adj.): such
verk ‘works’
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verk (noun n.; °-s; -): deed
á ‘in’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
jarð ‘the earthly’
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jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth < jarðríki (noun n.): [earth]
ríki ‘kingdom’
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ríki (noun n.; °-s; -): kingdom, power < jarðríki (noun n.): [earth]
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