ESk Geisl 57VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 57’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 53-4.
Nú ‘Now’
(not checked:)
nú (adv.): now
s ‘it is’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
oss ‘for us [me]’
(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
[1] oss: so Bb, om. Flat
s ‘which’
(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when
vann ‘accomplished’
(not checked:)
2. vinna (verb): perform, work
vísi ‘’
(not checked:)
vísi (noun m.; °-a): leader
verk ‘the deeds’
(not checked:)
verk (noun n.; °-s; -): deed
fyr ‘to’
(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
þjóð ‘people’
(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
at ‘to’
(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
merkja ‘make known’
(not checked:)
merkja (verb): mark, signify
nauðr ‘a necessity’
(not checked:)
neyð (noun f.; °dat. -): need, distress
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
nýjum ‘new’
(not checked:)
nýr (adj.; °nýjan; compar. nýrri, superl. nýjastr): new
óði ‘poetry’
(not checked:)
1. óðr (noun m.): poem
næst ‘next’
(not checked:)
næst (adv.): next
Krapt ‘the power’
(not checked:)
1. kraftr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/- ; -ar): power
skulum ‘We should’
(not checked:)
skulu (verb): shall, should, must
guðs ‘God’
(not checked:)
1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
er ‘is’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
giptu ‘fortune’
(not checked:)
1. gifta (noun f.): grace, fortune
geð ‘of the mind-’
(not checked:)
geð (noun n.): mind
gunn ‘of the battle-’
(not checked:)
Gunn- ((prefix)): [battle-] < gunnstyrkr (adj.)
[6] gunn‑: geð‑ Bb
notes
[6] gunnstyrks (gen. sg.) ‘battle-strong’: This epithet, applied to God, is varied in Bb as geðstyrks ‘mind-strong, resolute’.
styrks ‘strong’
(not checked:)
2. styrkr (adj.): powerful, strong < gunnstyrkr (adj.)
notes
[6] gunnstyrks (gen. sg.) ‘battle-strong’: This epithet, applied to God, is varied in Bb as geðstyrks ‘mind-strong, resolute’.
lofi ‘with praise’
(not checked:)
lof (noun n.; °-s; -): praise, leave, permission
dýrka ‘honour’
(not checked:)
dýrka (verb; °-að-): glorify, worship
lér ‘grants’
(not checked:)
2. ljá (verb): lend, grant
hjaldr ‘battle’
(not checked:)
1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle < hjaldrframr (adj.)
[7] hjaldr‑: so Bb, ‘halld’ Flat
notes
[7] hjaldrfrǫmum ‘battle-prominent’: Flat’s reading, haldfrǫmum ‘tenaciously prominent’, if it is not an error, is hap. leg. and difficult to make sense of. Bb’s hjaldrfrǫmum ‘battle-prominent’ is both easier to understand and more conventional (compounds in hjaldr- are fairly common in skaldic verse).
frǫmum ‘prominent’
(not checked:)
framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost < hjaldrframr (adj.)
notes
[7] hjaldrfrǫmum ‘battle-prominent’: Flat’s reading, haldfrǫmum ‘tenaciously prominent’, if it is not an error, is hap. leg. and difficult to make sense of. Bb’s hjaldrfrǫmum ‘battle-prominent’ is both easier to understand and more conventional (compounds in hjaldr- are fairly common in skaldic verse).
hôrar ‘great’
(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
heims ‘of the world’
(not checked:)
heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
kennings
læknir heims‘the healer of the world ’
= God
the healer of the world → God
notes
[8] læknir heims ‘the healer of the world’: Cf. 21/4 grœðari alls ‘healer of all’. The kenning anticipates the miracle of healing in the following sts.
læknir ‘the healer’
(not checked:)
læknir (noun m.; °lǽknis, dat. & acc. lǽkni (dat. lǽknir(JBpC(2003) 146¹⁰)); lǽknar): doctor
[8] læknir: so Bb, læknis Flat
kennings
læknir heims‘the healer of the world ’
= God
the healer of the world → God
notes
[8] læknir heims ‘the healer of the world’: Cf. 21/4 grœðari alls ‘healer of all’. The kenning anticipates the miracle of healing in the following sts.
gram ‘king’
(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Nús oss, þaus vann vísir, |
Now it is a necessity for us [me] to make known to people, in new poetry, the deeds which the king accomplished next; that is not least important. We should honour with praise the power of the battle-strong God, for is the healer of the world [= God] grants great fortune to the battle-prominent king.
[5-8]: Flat’s version of l. 5, Krapt skulum guðs, þess’s giptu is both unmetrical and presents a syntactic problem for the interpretation of the second helmingr, for þess’s ‘the one who’ can only refer to God, but this connection leaves heims læknis dangling. The only way to resolve the difficulty is to adopt Bb’s readings en (l. 5) and læknir (l. 8), as do Skj B and Skald.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.