ESk Geisl 34VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 34’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 34-5.
Satts ‘It is true’
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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true
[1] Satts (‘Satt er’): so Bb, Satt var Flat
at ‘that’
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4. at (conj.): that
silfri ‘with silver’
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silfr (noun n.; °-s): silver
skreytta ‘ornamented’
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skreyta (verb): adorn
seggjum ‘to men’
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seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man
notes
[2] hollr ‘devoted’: Finnur Jónsson and Kock choose hollz, the Bb reading. Finnur construes, Gutthormr lét her gerva róðu grams, seggjum holls, skreytta silfri ok golli; þat es hróðr ‘Gutthormr had men make the cross of the king, true to men, adorned with silver and gold; that is praise’ (Skj B). Kock’s version is smoother: he construes seggjum holls grams with hróðr: ‘that is praise of the king, friendly to men’ (NN §§938 and 2247D). The Flat text can also be read as it stands, as given above.
af ‘’
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af (prep.): from
golli ‘gold’
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gull (noun n.): gold
hér ‘here’
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hér (adv.): here
lét ‘had’
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
Gutthormr ‘Gutthormr’
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Guthormr: Gutthormr, Guthormr
[3] Gutthormr: so Bb, ‘guthorm’ Flat
grams ‘of the king’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
[4] grams hróðr vas þat róðu: ‘[...]ar þat [...]du’ Flat, grams hróðr er þat róðu Bb
hróðr ‘praise’
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hróðr (noun m.): encomium, praise
[4] grams hróðr vas þat róðu: ‘[...]ar þat [...]du’ Flat, grams hróðr er þat róðu Bb
vas ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[4] grams hróðr vas þat róðu: ‘[...]ar þat [...]du’ Flat, grams hróðr er þat róðu Bb
þat ‘that’
[4] grams hróðr vas þat róðu: ‘[...]ar þat [...]du’ Flat, grams hróðr er þat róðu Bb
róðu ‘an image’
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róða (noun f.; °-u; -ur): [an image]
[4] grams hróðr vas þat róðu: ‘[...]ar þat [...]du’ Flat, grams hróðr er þat róðu Bb
slíkt ‘’
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2. slíkr (adj.): such
Þat ‘that’
[5] Þat: slíkt Bb
hafa ‘have’
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hafa (verb): have
menn ‘Men’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
at ‘as’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
minnum ‘a reminder’
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1. minni (noun n.; °-s; -): memory
meir ‘still’
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meir (adv.): further, again
jartegna ‘miracles’
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jarteign (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): miracle
notes
[6] þeira jartegna ‘of those miracles’: This phrase may be taken either with mark (l. 7), as here, or in the first cl. of helmingr b, with at minnum ‘as a reminder of those miracles’.
þeira ‘of those’
notes
[6] þeira jartegna ‘of those miracles’: This phrase may be taken either with mark (l. 7), as here, or in the first cl. of helmingr b, with at minnum ‘as a reminder of those miracles’.
mark ‘the mark’
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mark (noun n.; °-s; *-): sign
stendr ‘stands’
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standa (verb): stand
Krists ‘of Krist’
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Kristr (noun m.; °-s/-, dat. -i; -ar): Christ
notes
[7, 8] í miðri Krists kirkju ‘in the middle of Kristkirken’: This can be understood as a simple reference to the position of Gutthormr’s crucifix in the church, or as a more grandiose claim that the sign of Óláfr’s honour holds a central place in Christendom. The Norwegians were proud of the popularity of Trondheim as a pilgrimage goal.
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
notes
[7, 8] í miðri Krists kirkju ‘in the middle of Kristkirken’: This can be understood as a simple reference to the position of Gutthormr’s crucifix in the church, or as a more grandiose claim that the sign of Óláfr’s honour holds a central place in Christendom. The Norwegians were proud of the popularity of Trondheim as a pilgrimage goal.
kirkju ‘kirken’
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kirkja (noun f.): church
notes
[7, 8] í miðri Krists kirkju ‘in the middle of Kristkirken’: This can be understood as a simple reference to the position of Gutthormr’s crucifix in the church, or as a more grandiose claim that the sign of Óláfr’s honour holds a central place in Christendom. The Norwegians were proud of the popularity of Trondheim as a pilgrimage goal.
konungs ‘the king’s’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
kennings
konungs niðr‘the king’s relative ’
= Gutthormr
the king’s relative → Gutthormr
niðr ‘relative’
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1. niðr (noun m.; °-s; niðjar/niðir, acc. niði): son, kinsman, relative
[8] niðr: so Bb, ‘[...]’ Flat
kennings
konungs niðr‘the king’s relative ’
= Gutthormr
the king’s relative → Gutthormr
notes
[8] niðr ‘relative’: According to earlier eds, Flat read viðr ‘wood’, which has obvious associations with the image of the Cross, but makes no sense as the only possible subject of gaf ‘gave’.
þat ‘that’
[8] gaf þat miðri: so Bb, ‘g[...]f [...]id[...]’ Flat
miðri ‘the middle’
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miðr (adj.): middle, less, hardly
[8] gaf þat miðri: so Bb, ‘g[...]f [...]id[...]’ Flat
notes
[7, 8] í miðri Krists kirkju ‘in the middle of Kristkirken’: This can be understood as a simple reference to the position of Gutthormr’s crucifix in the church, or as a more grandiose claim that the sign of Óláfr’s honour holds a central place in Christendom. The Norwegians were proud of the popularity of Trondheim as a pilgrimage goal.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
HómNo and ÓHLeg use language strikingly similar to this st. in their accounts of Gutthormr’s donation of the memorial cross: ok let gera þegar roðo ſva myccla ór ſilfri at allz coſtar er hon lengri ok mæri en manzvaxtar. ok pryddi þegar þeſ hælga manz húſ með þærri dyrð ſér til ſalo-bota. ok til minni ok fra-ſagnar iarteina þærra en hinn helgi Oláfr konungr gerði þa við hann ‘and he immediately had such a large silver image made, that it is at least taller and bigger than a man. And he immediately ornamented the house of this holy man with that treasure for the salvation of his soul and as a reminder and a record of the miracles which the holy King Óláfr performed then for him’ (HómNo, 113; cf. ÓHLeg 1982, 212). — [3, 4, 8]: Flat’s text is all but illegible in ll. 3, 4 and 8. In these cases, Bb is the only witness now, although earlier eds were able to read more of Flat. Skj A reports Flat’s viðr for Bb’s niðr in l. 8.
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