ESk Geisl 20VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 20’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 23-4.
Gerðusk ‘were wrought’
(not checked:)
1. gera (verb): do, make
[1] Gerðusk: ‘Gerdiz’ Flat, ‘Giordizt’ Bb
brátt ‘immediately’
(not checked:)
bráðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): quick(ly)
notes
[1, 7] þás, þás ‘when, when’: Flat has þás (‘þá er’) ‘when’ in both these cases, but Bb has þars (‘þar er’) ‘where’ in l. 1 and því at ‘because’ in l. 7. These variants make quite a difference to the sense of the st. In the first case, Bb’s version suggests that miracles were wrought on the battlefield, while Flat’s indicates they occurred after the battle has taken place. In the second instance Bb suggests that the light burned over Óláfr’s body because God had taken it to heaven on the same day he died (as in ÓHLeg 1982, 196, quoted in Chase 2005, 36-7), whereas Flat is again concerned with chronology. Skj B adopts Bb’s readings in ll. 1, and 8, but Skald does so in l. 1 only.
barðisk ‘had fought’
(not checked:)
2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
brodd ‘the point’
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broddr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): point of spear or arrow < broddrjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
broddrjóðr‘the point-reddener ’
= WARRIOR
the point-reddener → WARRIOR
rjóðr ‘reddener’
(not checked:)
1. rjóðr (noun m.): reddener < broddrjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
broddrjóðr‘the point-reddener ’
= WARRIOR
the point-reddener → WARRIOR
við ‘with’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
kyn ‘the family’
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1. kyn (noun n.; °-s; -): kin
þjóðar ‘of the people’
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
gramr ‘king’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
vanðit ‘did not accustom’
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2. venja (verb): accustom, train
[3] vanðit: ‘vandiz’ Flat, ‘firde’ Bb
synðum ‘to sins’
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synð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): sin
sik ‘himself’
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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
jartegnir ‘miracles’
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jarteign (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): miracle
Ljós ‘light’
(not checked:)
ljós (noun n.; °ljóss; -): light
brann ‘burned’
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2. brenna (verb; °brennr/brenn; brann, brunnu; brunninn): (strong, intransitive)
líki ‘the body’
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líki (noun n.; °-s; dat. -jum): [body]
ræsis ‘’
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ræsir (noun m.): ruler
lǫg ‘of the sea’
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lǫgr (noun m.; °lagar, dat. legi): sea < lǫgskíð (noun n.)
kennings
sendis lǫgskíðs‘of the sender of the sea-ski ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-ski → SHIP
the sender of the SHIP → SEAFARER
lǫg ‘of the sea’
(not checked:)
lǫgr (noun m.; °lagar, dat. legi): sea < lǫgskíð (noun n.)
kennings
sendis lǫgskíðs‘of the sender of the sea-ski ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-ski → SHIP
the sender of the SHIP → SEAFARER
skíðs ‘ski’
(not checked:)
skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski < lǫgskíð (noun n.)
kennings
sendis lǫgskíðs‘of the sender of the sea-ski ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-ski → SHIP
the sender of the SHIP → SEAFARER
skíðs ‘ski’
(not checked:)
skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski < lǫgskíð (noun n.)
kennings
sendis lǫgskíðs‘of the sender of the sea-ski ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-ski → SHIP
the sender of the SHIP → SEAFARER
yfir ‘over’
(not checked:)
yfir (prep.): over
síðan ‘Then’
(not checked:)
síðan (adv.): later, then
notes
[1, 7] þás, þás ‘when, when’: Flat has þás (‘þá er’) ‘when’ in both these cases, but Bb has þars (‘þar er’) ‘where’ in l. 1 and því at ‘because’ in l. 7. These variants make quite a difference to the sense of the st. In the first case, Bb’s version suggests that miracles were wrought on the battlefield, while Flat’s indicates they occurred after the battle has taken place. In the second instance Bb suggests that the light burned over Óláfr’s body because God had taken it to heaven on the same day he died (as in ÓHLeg 1982, 196, quoted in Chase 2005, 36-7), whereas Flat is again concerned with chronology. Skj B adopts Bb’s readings in ll. 1, and 8, but Skald does so in l. 1 only.
ǫnd ‘the soul’
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2. ǫnd (noun f.; °andar, dat. ǫnd/ǫndu; andir): soul, breath
með ‘to’
(not checked:)
með (prep.): with
sér ‘himself’
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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
sendis ‘of the sender’
(not checked:)
sendir (noun m.): sender, distributor
[7] sendis: ‘sendiz’ Flat, ‘syndiz’ Bb
kennings
sendis lǫgskíðs‘of the sender of the sea-ski ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-ski → SHIP
the sender of the SHIP → SEAFARER
sam ‘on the same’
(not checked:)
samr (adj.; °compar. -ari): same < samdœgris (adv.)
[8] samdœgris: ‘sam dægrs’ Flat, ‘samdægurs’ Bb
dœgris ‘day’
(not checked:)
dœgr (noun n.; °-s; -): day and night; 24h period < samdœgris (adv.)
[8] samdœgris: ‘sam dægrs’ Flat, ‘samdægurs’ Bb
guð ‘God’
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1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
framði ‘raised’
(not checked:)
fremja (verb): advance, perform
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Gerðusk brátt, þás barðisk |
Great miracles were wrought immediately, when the point-reddener [WARRIOR] had fought with the family of the people; that king did not accustom himself to sins. Then light burned over the body of the prince, when God raised the soul of the sender of the sea-ski [SHIP > SEAFARER] to himself on the same day.
There are numerous variant readings in this st., though in most cases the better choice is clear. However, it is necessary to emend l. 1 Gerðusk (following an original suggestion of Cederschiöld) to give a 3rd pers. pret. m.v. verb ‘were wrought’, l. 3 vanðit ‘[he] did not accustom’, l. 7 sendis ‘of the sender’ (where both mss have -‘z’, probably indicating a m.v. ending) and l. 8 samdægris ‘on the same day’ (to give a six-syllable l.).
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