ESk Geisl 15VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Geisli 15’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 19-20.
Fregit ‘heard’
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1. fregna (verb): hear of
hefk ‘I have’
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hafa (verb): have
satt ‘truly’
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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true
at ‘that’
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4. at (conj.): that
snjallri ‘the clever’
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snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold
ferð ‘band’
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fǫrð (noun f.): [band]
áðr ‘before’
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áðr (adv.; °//): before
berðisk ‘they fought’
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2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
[2] berðisk: ‘bardizt’ Bb
notes
[2] berðisk ‘they fought’: Flat’s form must be preferred here to give a subj. after áðr.
drótt ‘the court’
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1. drótt (noun f.): troop
nýtr ‘enjoys’
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njóta (verb): enjoy, use
dǫglings ‘the prince’s’
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dǫglingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
máttar ‘might’
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mega (verb): may, might
draum ‘dream’
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draumr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): dream
sinn ‘his’
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
konungr ‘the king’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
kennings
konungr Rauma‘the king of the Raumar ’
= Óláfr
the king of the Raumar → Óláfr
Rauma ‘of the Raumar’
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2. Raumar (noun m.; °-s; -ar): the Raumar
kennings
konungr Rauma‘the king of the Raumar ’
= Óláfr
the king of the Raumar → Óláfr
Stiga ‘ladder’
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stigi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): [a ladder, ladder]
kvað ‘’
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2. kveðja (verb; kvaddi): (dd) request, address, greet
standa ‘ascending’
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standa (verb): stand
fagran ‘a beautiful’
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fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful
styrjar ‘’
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styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle
stjórnar ‘leadership’
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stjórn (noun f.; °-ar; dat. -um): steering, leadership, rudder
[6] stjórnar: styrjar Bb
fimr ‘adept at’
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fimr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): agile, deft
til ‘to’
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til (prep.): to
himna ‘the heavens’
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himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky
rausn ‘greatness’
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1. rausn (noun f.): magnificence
dugir ‘it is fitting’
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duga (verb; °dugir; dugði; dugat): help, befit
hans ‘his’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
at ‘to’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
hrósa ‘praise’
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hrósa (verb): praise
Hǫrða ‘of the Hǫrðar’
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Hǫrðar (noun m.): the Hǫrðar
kennings
Gramr Hǫrða,‘The king of the Hǫrðar, ’
= Óláfr
The king of the Hǫrðar, → Óláfr
gramr ‘The king’
(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
kennings
Gramr Hǫrða,‘The king of the Hǫrðar, ’
= Óláfr
The king of the Hǫrðar, → Óláfr
af ‘from’
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af (prep.): from
jǫrðu ‘earth’
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jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
[5-6]: Óláfr’s vision of the ladder ascending to heaven is said to have occurred on the eve of the battle of Stiklestad (see Chase 2005, 30-4, where there is a discussion of the typological significance of the ladder as a means of entry to heaven). On the parallel between Christ’s Cross and a ladder, see also Anon Líkn 34 and Note. Óláfr’s vision is not found in the early vernacular accounts of his miracles, and is likely to have been a learned borrowing rather than a popular addition to the legend.
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