ESk Eystdr 1II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Eysteinsdrápa 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 559-60.
Vôru ‘were’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
kennings
sogns sára mágrenni,‘seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds’
= WARRIOR
the fjord of wounds, → BLOOD
the seagull of the BLOOD → RAVEN/EAGLE
the feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
kennings
sogns sára mágrenni,‘seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds’
= WARRIOR
the fjord of wounds, → BLOOD
the seagull of the BLOOD → RAVEN/EAGLE
the feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
kennings
sogns sára mágrenni,‘seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds’
= WARRIOR
the fjord of wounds, → BLOOD
the seagull of the BLOOD → RAVEN/EAGLE
the feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
með ‘with’
(not checked:)
með (prep.): with
sára ‘of wounds’
(not checked:)
2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound
kennings
sogns sára mágrenni,‘seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds’
= WARRIOR
the fjord of wounds, → BLOOD
the seagull of the BLOOD → RAVEN/EAGLE
the feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
sára ‘of wounds’
(not checked:)
2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound
kennings
sogns sára mágrenni,‘seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds’
= WARRIOR
the fjord of wounds, → BLOOD
the seagull of the BLOOD → RAVEN/EAGLE
the feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
sára ‘of wounds’
(not checked:)
2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound
kennings
sogns sára mágrenni,‘seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds’
= WARRIOR
the fjord of wounds, → BLOOD
the seagull of the BLOOD → RAVEN/EAGLE
the feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
syni ‘son’
(not checked:)
sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son
kennings
syni Maddaðar;‘Maddaðr’s son; ’
= Haraldr
Maddaðr’s son; → Haraldr
kennings
syni Maddaðar;‘Maddaðr’s son; ’
= Haraldr
Maddaðr’s son; → Haraldr
má ‘of the seagull’
(not checked:)
már (noun m.): gull < mágrennir (noun m.)
kennings
sogns sára mágrenni,‘seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds’
= WARRIOR
the fjord of wounds, → BLOOD
the seagull of the BLOOD → RAVEN/EAGLE
the feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
notes
[3] mágrenni (m. dat. sg.) ‘the seagull-feeder’: Retention of the nom. mágrennir ‘seagull-feeder’ forces a fourpartite first l. (vru, sogns, með, sára), in which sogns sára ‘of the fjord of wounds’ and vru með ‘were (stationed) with’ belong to two different clauses (so Skj B; ÍF 28). Such a construction is otherwise unattested in the corpus of skaldic poetry. Kock (NN §955; Skald) emends mágrennir (m. nom. sg.) ‘seagull-feeder’ (l. 3) to mágrenni (m. dat. sg.), fekksk (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘was captured’ (l. 3) to fæst, sup. of the adj. fár ‘few’, and máttigr (m. nom. sg.) ‘powerful’ (l. 4) to máttigra (m. gen. pl.). He suggests the following reading: Fæst átta tigir máttigra manna vru staddir með mágrenni sogns sára, syni Maddaðar ‘At least eighty powerful men were stationed with the seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds, the son of Maddaðr’. However, the emendation of máttigr ‘powerful’ to máttigra creates an unmetrical l., since a l. of this type cannot begin with a trisyllabic cpd; see Gade 1995a, 118-21.
má ‘of the seagull’
(not checked:)
már (noun m.): gull < mágrennir (noun m.)
kennings
sogns sára mágrenni,‘seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds’
= WARRIOR
the fjord of wounds, → BLOOD
the seagull of the BLOOD → RAVEN/EAGLE
the feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
notes
[3] mágrenni (m. dat. sg.) ‘the seagull-feeder’: Retention of the nom. mágrennir ‘seagull-feeder’ forces a fourpartite first l. (vru, sogns, með, sára), in which sogns sára ‘of the fjord of wounds’ and vru með ‘were (stationed) with’ belong to two different clauses (so Skj B; ÍF 28). Such a construction is otherwise unattested in the corpus of skaldic poetry. Kock (NN §955; Skald) emends mágrennir (m. nom. sg.) ‘seagull-feeder’ (l. 3) to mágrenni (m. dat. sg.), fekksk (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘was captured’ (l. 3) to fæst, sup. of the adj. fár ‘few’, and máttigr (m. nom. sg.) ‘powerful’ (l. 4) to máttigra (m. gen. pl.). He suggests the following reading: Fæst átta tigir máttigra manna vru staddir með mágrenni sogns sára, syni Maddaðar ‘At least eighty powerful men were stationed with the seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds, the son of Maddaðr’. However, the emendation of máttigr ‘powerful’ to máttigra creates an unmetrical l., since a l. of this type cannot begin with a trisyllabic cpd; see Gade 1995a, 118-21.
grenni ‘the feeder’
(not checked:)
1. grennir (noun m.): feeder < mágrennir (noun m.)
[3] ‑grenni: ‑grenn Kˣ, ‑grennir F, E, J2ˣ, H, Hr, Mork
kennings
sogns sára mágrenni,‘seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds’
= WARRIOR
the fjord of wounds, → BLOOD
the seagull of the BLOOD → RAVEN/EAGLE
the feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
notes
[3] mágrenni (m. dat. sg.) ‘the seagull-feeder’: Retention of the nom. mágrennir ‘seagull-feeder’ forces a fourpartite first l. (vru, sogns, með, sára), in which sogns sára ‘of the fjord of wounds’ and vru með ‘were (stationed) with’ belong to two different clauses (so Skj B; ÍF 28). Such a construction is otherwise unattested in the corpus of skaldic poetry. Kock (NN §955; Skald) emends mágrennir (m. nom. sg.) ‘seagull-feeder’ (l. 3) to mágrenni (m. dat. sg.), fekksk (3rd pers. sg. pret. indic.) ‘was captured’ (l. 3) to fæst, sup. of the adj. fár ‘few’, and máttigr (m. nom. sg.) ‘powerful’ (l. 4) to máttigra (m. gen. pl.). He suggests the following reading: Fæst átta tigir máttigra manna vru staddir með mágrenni sogns sára, syni Maddaðar ‘At least eighty powerful men were stationed with the seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds, the son of Maddaðr’. However, the emendation of máttigr ‘powerful’ to máttigra creates an unmetrical l., since a l. of this type cannot begin with a trisyllabic cpd; see Gade 1995a, 118-21.
fekksk ‘was captured’
(not checked:)
2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
[3] fekksk: so F, ‘fezc’ Kˣ, fremsk E, J2ˣ, H, Hr, Mork
notes
[3] fekksk ‘was captured’: For this sense, see LP: 2. fáa, fá 4. The variant fremsk (3rd pers. sg. pres. indic.) ‘promotes oneself’ (so J2ˣ, E, H, Hr, Mork) gives the reading máttigr fremsk ‘the mighty one (i.e. Eysteinn) promotes himself’. However, the use of the pres. tense here would certainly speak against the attribution of this st. to a memorial poem about Eysteinn (see Introduction, above, and Fidjestøl 1982, 155).
máttigr ‘the mighty one’
(not checked:)
máttigr (adj.; °compar. -ari/-ri, superl. -astr): mighty
[4] máttigr: mttugr F, H, Hr
átta ‘Eighty’
(not checked:)
átta (num. cardinal): eight
Þrimr ‘With three’
(not checked:)
þrennr (adj.): three(fold)
[5] Þrimr: so F, E, J2ˣ, H, Mork, þrim Kˣ, Hr
tók ‘seized’
(not checked:)
2. taka (verb): take
þreytir ‘the tester’
(not checked:)
þreytir (noun m.): destroyer, wager, tester
kennings
þreytir drasils hranna‘the tester of the steed of waves ’
= SEAFARER
the steed of waves → SHIP
the tester of the SHIP → SEAFARER
jarl ‘jarl’
(not checked:)
jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
drasils ‘of the steed’
(not checked:)
drasill (noun m.): steed
kennings
þreytir drasils hranna‘the tester of the steed of waves ’
= SEAFARER
the steed of waves → SHIP
the tester of the SHIP → SEAFARER
drasils ‘of the steed’
(not checked:)
drasill (noun m.): steed
kennings
þreytir drasils hranna‘the tester of the steed of waves ’
= SEAFARER
the steed of waves → SHIP
the tester of the SHIP → SEAFARER
kennings
þreytir drasils hranna‘the tester of the steed of waves ’
= SEAFARER
the steed of waves → SHIP
the tester of the SHIP → SEAFARER
kennings
þreytir drasils hranna‘the tester of the steed of waves ’
= SEAFARER
the steed of waves → SHIP
the tester of the SHIP → SEAFARER
hraustr ‘the bold’
(not checked:)
hraustr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): strong, valiant
[7] hraustr: hraust H, Hr
kennings
hraustr nistir hræskúfs‘the bold feeder of the carrion-skua ’
= WARRIOR
the carrion-skua → RAVEN/EAGLE
the bold feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
gaf ‘surrendered’
(not checked:)
gefa (verb): give
notes
[7, 8] gaf frǫmum jǫfri hǫfuð sitt ‘surrendered his head to the outstanding prince’: Haraldr had to redeem his head with three marks of gold.
hræ ‘of the carrion’
(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræskúfr (noun m.)
kennings
hraustr nistir hræskúfs‘the bold feeder of the carrion-skua ’
= WARRIOR
the carrion-skua → RAVEN/EAGLE
the bold feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
notes
[7] hræskúfs ‘of the carrion-skua’: Skúfr ‘skua’ is an arctic bird of prey (Lestris catarrhactes).
hræ ‘of the carrion’
(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræskúfr (noun m.)
kennings
hraustr nistir hræskúfs‘the bold feeder of the carrion-skua ’
= WARRIOR
the carrion-skua → RAVEN/EAGLE
the bold feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
notes
[7] hræskúfs ‘of the carrion-skua’: Skúfr ‘skua’ is an arctic bird of prey (Lestris catarrhactes).
skúfs ‘skua’
(not checked:)
2. skúfr (noun m.): [skua] < hræskúfr (noun m.)
[7] ‑skúfs: ‘‑kúfs’ E, ‑skips H, Hr
kennings
hraustr nistir hræskúfs‘the bold feeder of the carrion-skua ’
= WARRIOR
the carrion-skua → RAVEN/EAGLE
the bold feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
notes
[7] hræskúfs ‘of the carrion-skua’: Skúfr ‘skua’ is an arctic bird of prey (Lestris catarrhactes).
skúfs ‘skua’
(not checked:)
2. skúfr (noun m.): [skua] < hræskúfr (noun m.)
[7] ‑skúfs: ‘‑kúfs’ E, ‑skips H, Hr
kennings
hraustr nistir hræskúfs‘the bold feeder of the carrion-skua ’
= WARRIOR
the carrion-skua → RAVEN/EAGLE
the bold feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
notes
[7] hræskúfs ‘of the carrion-skua’: Skúfr ‘skua’ is an arctic bird of prey (Lestris catarrhactes).
nistir ‘feeder’
(not checked:)
nistir (noun m.): feeder
kennings
hraustr nistir hræskúfs‘the bold feeder of the carrion-skua ’
= WARRIOR
the carrion-skua → RAVEN/EAGLE
the bold feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR
hǫfuð ‘to the outstanding’
(not checked:)
hǫfuð (noun n.; °-s; -): head
notes
[7, 8] gaf frǫmum jǫfri hǫfuð sitt ‘surrendered his head to the outstanding prince’: Haraldr had to redeem his head with three marks of gold.
sitt ‘prince’
(not checked:)
3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
notes
[7, 8] gaf frǫmum jǫfri hǫfuð sitt ‘surrendered his head to the outstanding prince’: Haraldr had to redeem his head with three marks of gold.
frǫmum ‘head’
(not checked:)
framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost
[8] frǫmum: spǫkum Mork
notes
[7, 8] gaf frǫmum jǫfri hǫfuð sitt ‘surrendered his head to the outstanding prince’: Haraldr had to redeem his head with three marks of gold.
jǫfri ‘his’
(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
notes
[7, 8] gaf frǫmum jǫfri hǫfuð sitt ‘surrendered his head to the outstanding prince’: Haraldr had to redeem his head with three marks of gold.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Vôru sogns með sára |
Eighty men were stationed with the feeder of the seagull of the fjord of wounds [(lit. ‘seagull-feeder of the fjord of wounds’) BLOOD > RAVEN/EAGLE > WARRIOR], Maddaðr’s son [= Haraldr]; the mighty one was captured. With three ships the tester of the steed of waves [SHIP > SEAFARER] seized that jarl; the bold feeder of the carrion-skua [RAVEN/EAGLE > WARRIOR] surrendered his head to the outstanding prince.
On his expedition to England, Eysteinn first landed in Caithness, Scotland. He heard that Jarl Haraldr Maddaðarson of Orkney was in Thurso and set out with three small ships to capture him. Eysteinn and his men came upon Haraldr unawares, and, although Haraldr had a superior force (thirty ships and eighty men), he was unable to muster any resistance.
For Eysteinn’s campaign, see Run sts 3-9 above. The campaign took place c. 1151, while Jarl Rǫgnvaldr Kali Kolsson (Rv) was away on his crusade to the Holy Land. Haraldr Maddaðarson was jarl of Orkney from 1139 until his death in 1206. For his genealogy, see ÍF 34, Genealogy IV. — [1-4]: This helmingr is garbled and difficult to reconstruct.
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