Bragi Rdr 2^III

Nema ‘Unless’

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2. nema (conj.): unless

svát ‘in such a way that’

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svát (conj.): so that, so as

gœðings ‘of the chieftain’

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gœðingr (noun m.): chieftain

góð ‘good’

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góðr (adj.): good

[1] góð ins: ‘goð hins’ with g changed from h in scribal hand W, ‘gædings’ C

ins ‘the’

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2. inn (art.): the

[1] góð ins: ‘goð hins’ with g changed from h in scribal hand W, ‘gædings’ C

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 3, 4] ins gjalla baugnafaðs hjóls meyjar Hǫgna ‘the resounding boss-hubbed wheel of the maid of Hǫgni <legendary king> [= Hildr > SHIELD]’: This extended kenning, like that in st. 1, includes an adjectival element formed from a p. p., baugnafaðr ‘boss-hubbed’ (from baugr ‘boss, circle’ and nǫf ‘nave, hub’), that both continues and draws attention to the analogy between a shield and a wheel that forms the basis of the kenning. This adj. is a hap. leg. and caused the scribes difficulty. A second adj., gjallr ‘ringing, resounding’, has a similar effect, as it can apply both to the noise of a cart-wheel turning and the striking of weapons on the metal boss of a wooden shield. Hǫgni was the father of Hildr, a valkyrie-like figure central to the story of the Everlasting Battle (Hjaðningavíg) that forms the subject of Rdr 9-12 (q. v.). In skaldic poetry Hildr may be a proper name (and thus the basis of a woman- or valkyrie-kenning), but carries with it some semantic resonance from its meaning as the common noun hildr ‘battle’.

gjalda ‘paying’

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1. gjalda (verb): pay, repay

gegna ‘encountering’

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gegna (verb): encounter, mean

gjalla ‘resounding’

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gjalla (verb): to scream, shriek; to repay, return, pay for

[1] gjalla: gegna U, gjalda A, C

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 3, 4] ins gjalla baugnafaðs hjóls meyjar Hǫgna ‘the resounding boss-hubbed wheel of the maid of Hǫgni <legendary king> [= Hildr > SHIELD]’: This extended kenning, like that in st. 1, includes an adjectival element formed from a p. p., baugnafaðr ‘boss-hubbed’ (from baugr ‘boss, circle’ and nǫf ‘nave, hub’), that both continues and draws attention to the analogy between a shield and a wheel that forms the basis of the kenning. This adj. is a hap. leg. and caused the scribes difficulty. A second adj., gjallr ‘ringing, resounding’, has a similar effect, as it can apply both to the noise of a cart-wheel turning and the striking of weapons on the metal boss of a wooden shield. Hǫgni was the father of Hildr, a valkyrie-like figure central to the story of the Everlasting Battle (Hjaðningavíg) that forms the subject of Rdr 9-12 (q. v.). In skaldic poetry Hildr may be a proper name (and thus the basis of a woman- or valkyrie-kenning), but carries with it some semantic resonance from its meaning as the common noun hildr ‘battle’.

gjald ‘’

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gjald (noun n.): payment, reward, return

gjǫld ‘recompense’

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gjald (noun n.): payment, reward, return

[2] gjǫld: gjald A

gǫgn ‘’

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1. gagn (noun n.): victory

baug ‘boss’

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baugr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): ring < baugnafaðr (adj.)

[2] baug‑: ‘b[…]vg‑’ U, ‘gaugn’ C

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 3, 4] ins gjalla baugnafaðs hjóls meyjar Hǫgna ‘the resounding boss-hubbed wheel of the maid of Hǫgni <legendary king> [= Hildr > SHIELD]’: This extended kenning, like that in st. 1, includes an adjectival element formed from a p. p., baugnafaðr ‘boss-hubbed’ (from baugr ‘boss, circle’ and nǫf ‘nave, hub’), that both continues and draws attention to the analogy between a shield and a wheel that forms the basis of the kenning. This adj. is a hap. leg. and caused the scribes difficulty. A second adj., gjallr ‘ringing, resounding’, has a similar effect, as it can apply both to the noise of a cart-wheel turning and the striking of weapons on the metal boss of a wooden shield. Hǫgni was the father of Hildr, a valkyrie-like figure central to the story of the Everlasting Battle (Hjaðningavíg) that forms the subject of Rdr 9-12 (q. v.). In skaldic poetry Hildr may be a proper name (and thus the basis of a woman- or valkyrie-kenning), but carries with it some semantic resonance from its meaning as the common noun hildr ‘battle’.

nafrs ‘’

nafar ‘auger’

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nafarr (noun m.; °-s, dat. nafri; nafrar): auger

nafaðs ‘hubbed’

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1. nafaðr (adj.): [hubbed] < baugnafaðr (adj.)

[2] ‑nafaðs: so Tˣ, A, C, ‘nafagdrs’ R, nafar W, nafrs corrected from ‑naðrs in scribal hand U

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 3, 4] ins gjalla baugnafaðs hjóls meyjar Hǫgna ‘the resounding boss-hubbed wheel of the maid of Hǫgni <legendary king> [= Hildr > SHIELD]’: This extended kenning, like that in st. 1, includes an adjectival element formed from a p. p., baugnafaðr ‘boss-hubbed’ (from baugr ‘boss, circle’ and nǫf ‘nave, hub’), that both continues and draws attention to the analogy between a shield and a wheel that forms the basis of the kenning. This adj. is a hap. leg. and caused the scribes difficulty. A second adj., gjallr ‘ringing, resounding’, has a similar effect, as it can apply both to the noise of a cart-wheel turning and the striking of weapons on the metal boss of a wooden shield. Hǫgni was the father of Hildr, a valkyrie-like figure central to the story of the Everlasting Battle (Hjaðningavíg) that forms the subject of Rdr 9-12 (q. v.). In skaldic poetry Hildr may be a proper name (and thus the basis of a woman- or valkyrie-kenning), but carries with it some semantic resonance from its meaning as the common noun hildr ‘battle’.

vildi ‘should want’

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vilja (verb): want, intend

meyja ‘’

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mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden

meyjar ‘of the maid’

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mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden

[3] meyjar: ‘mæyia’ W, ‘meygi[…]’ U

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 3, 4] ins gjalla baugnafaðs hjóls meyjar Hǫgna ‘the resounding boss-hubbed wheel of the maid of Hǫgni <legendary king> [= Hildr > SHIELD]’: This extended kenning, like that in st. 1, includes an adjectival element formed from a p. p., baugnafaðr ‘boss-hubbed’ (from baugr ‘boss, circle’ and nǫf ‘nave, hub’), that both continues and draws attention to the analogy between a shield and a wheel that forms the basis of the kenning. This adj. is a hap. leg. and caused the scribes difficulty. A second adj., gjallr ‘ringing, resounding’, has a similar effect, as it can apply both to the noise of a cart-wheel turning and the striking of weapons on the metal boss of a wooden shield. Hǫgni was the father of Hildr, a valkyrie-like figure central to the story of the Everlasting Battle (Hjaðningavíg) that forms the subject of Rdr 9-12 (q. v.). In skaldic poetry Hildr may be a proper name (and thus the basis of a woman- or valkyrie-kenning), but carries with it some semantic resonance from its meaning as the common noun hildr ‘battle’.

meyjar ‘of the maid’

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mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden

[3] meyjar: ‘mæyia’ W, ‘meygi[…]’ U

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 3, 4] ins gjalla baugnafaðs hjóls meyjar Hǫgna ‘the resounding boss-hubbed wheel of the maid of Hǫgni <legendary king> [= Hildr > SHIELD]’: This extended kenning, like that in st. 1, includes an adjectival element formed from a p. p., baugnafaðr ‘boss-hubbed’ (from baugr ‘boss, circle’ and nǫf ‘nave, hub’), that both continues and draws attention to the analogy between a shield and a wheel that forms the basis of the kenning. This adj. is a hap. leg. and caused the scribes difficulty. A second adj., gjallr ‘ringing, resounding’, has a similar effect, as it can apply both to the noise of a cart-wheel turning and the striking of weapons on the metal boss of a wooden shield. Hǫgni was the father of Hildr, a valkyrie-like figure central to the story of the Everlasting Battle (Hjaðningavíg) that forms the subject of Rdr 9-12 (q. v.). In skaldic poetry Hildr may be a proper name (and thus the basis of a woman- or valkyrie-kenning), but carries with it some semantic resonance from its meaning as the common noun hildr ‘battle’.

hljóðs ‘’

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hljóð (noun n.; °-s; -): sound, silence, a hearing

holls ‘’

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hollr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): loyal

hjóls ‘wheel’

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hjól (noun n.; °-s; -): wheel

[3] hjóls: holls Tˣ, hljóðs C

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 3, 4] ins gjalla baugnafaðs hjóls meyjar Hǫgna ‘the resounding boss-hubbed wheel of the maid of Hǫgni <legendary king> [= Hildr > SHIELD]’: This extended kenning, like that in st. 1, includes an adjectival element formed from a p. p., baugnafaðr ‘boss-hubbed’ (from baugr ‘boss, circle’ and nǫf ‘nave, hub’), that both continues and draws attention to the analogy between a shield and a wheel that forms the basis of the kenning. This adj. is a hap. leg. and caused the scribes difficulty. A second adj., gjallr ‘ringing, resounding’, has a similar effect, as it can apply both to the noise of a cart-wheel turning and the striking of weapons on the metal boss of a wooden shield. Hǫgni was the father of Hildr, a valkyrie-like figure central to the story of the Everlasting Battle (Hjaðningavíg) that forms the subject of Rdr 9-12 (q. v.). In skaldic poetry Hildr may be a proper name (and thus the basis of a woman- or valkyrie-kenning), but carries with it some semantic resonance from its meaning as the common noun hildr ‘battle’.

en ‘’

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2. en (conj.): but, and

inn ‘the’

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2. inn (art.): the

[3] inn mæri: inn meiri Tˣ, en ek merkða U

kennings

notes

[3-4] inn mæri mǫgr Sigvarðar ‘the famous son of Sigurðr [= Ragnarr loðbrók]’: Some medieval authorities, apparently including Bragi Boddason, regarded Ragnarr loðbrók ‘Shaggy-breeches’ as the son of the legendary Sigurðr hringr ‘Ring’, king of Sweden, who fought against the Danish king Haraldr hilditǫnn ‘War-tooth’ at the battle of Brávellir (see ÍF 35, 59-71; ÍF 26, 109; Flat 1860-8, I, 27; Saxo 2005, I, 9, 3, 2, p. 584).  On the other hand, Snorri Sturluson probably associated Ragnarr with the Niflungar through his wife Áslaug (cf. SnE 1998, I, 50). The R, W, A, C reading Sigurðar has been normalised to the more archaic form Sigvarðar, because positions 2-3 in D-lines could not be occupied by two short syllables until the C13th (see Kuhn 1937, 59-60; Kuhn 1983, 48; Gade 1995a, 31).

merkða ‘’

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merkja (verb): mark, signify

ek ‘’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

meiri ‘greater’

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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most

mæri ‘famous’

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2. mærr (adj.): famous

[3] inn mæri: inn meiri Tˣ, en ek merkða U

kennings

notes

[3-4] inn mæri mǫgr Sigvarðar ‘the famous son of Sigurðr [= Ragnarr loðbrók]’: Some medieval authorities, apparently including Bragi Boddason, regarded Ragnarr loðbrók ‘Shaggy-breeches’ as the son of the legendary Sigurðr hringr ‘Ring’, king of Sweden, who fought against the Danish king Haraldr hilditǫnn ‘War-tooth’ at the battle of Brávellir (see ÍF 35, 59-71; ÍF 26, 109; Flat 1860-8, I, 27; Saxo 2005, I, 9, 3, 2, p. 584).  On the other hand, Snorri Sturluson probably associated Ragnarr with the Niflungar through his wife Áslaug (cf. SnE 1998, I, 50). The R, W, A, C reading Sigurðar has been normalised to the more archaic form Sigvarðar, because positions 2-3 in D-lines could not be occupied by two short syllables until the C13th (see Kuhn 1937, 59-60; Kuhn 1983, 48; Gade 1995a, 31).

mǫg ‘’

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mǫgr (noun m.; °; megir, acc. mǫgu): son, boy

mǫgr ‘son’

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mǫgr (noun m.; °; megir, acc. mǫgu): son, boy

[4] mǫgr: mǫg W, U

kennings

notes

[3-4] inn mæri mǫgr Sigvarðar ‘the famous son of Sigurðr [= Ragnarr loðbrók]’: Some medieval authorities, apparently including Bragi Boddason, regarded Ragnarr loðbrók ‘Shaggy-breeches’ as the son of the legendary Sigurðr hringr ‘Ring’, king of Sweden, who fought against the Danish king Haraldr hilditǫnn ‘War-tooth’ at the battle of Brávellir (see ÍF 35, 59-71; ÍF 26, 109; Flat 1860-8, I, 27; Saxo 2005, I, 9, 3, 2, p. 584).  On the other hand, Snorri Sturluson probably associated Ragnarr with the Niflungar through his wife Áslaug (cf. SnE 1998, I, 50). The R, W, A, C reading Sigurðar has been normalised to the more archaic form Sigvarðar, because positions 2-3 in D-lines could not be occupied by two short syllables until the C13th (see Kuhn 1937, 59-60; Kuhn 1983, 48; Gade 1995a, 31).

Sigrúnar ‘’

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sigrún (noun f.)

sigrdar ‘’

Sigurðar ‘’

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Sigurðr (noun m.): Sigurðr

Sigvarðar ‘of Sigurðr’

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Sigurðr (noun m.): Sigurðr

[4] Sigvarðar: sigurðar R, W, A, C, ‘sigrdar’ Tˣ, sigrúnar U

kennings

notes

[3-4] inn mæri mǫgr Sigvarðar ‘the famous son of Sigurðr [= Ragnarr loðbrók]’: Some medieval authorities, apparently including Bragi Boddason, regarded Ragnarr loðbrók ‘Shaggy-breeches’ as the son of the legendary Sigurðr hringr ‘Ring’, king of Sweden, who fought against the Danish king Haraldr hilditǫnn ‘War-tooth’ at the battle of Brávellir (see ÍF 35, 59-71; ÍF 26, 109; Flat 1860-8, I, 27; Saxo 2005, I, 9, 3, 2, p. 584).  On the other hand, Snorri Sturluson probably associated Ragnarr with the Niflungar through his wife Áslaug (cf. SnE 1998, I, 50). The R, W, A, C reading Sigurðar has been normalised to the more archaic form Sigvarðar, because positions 2-3 in D-lines could not be occupied by two short syllables until the C13th (see Kuhn 1937, 59-60; Kuhn 1983, 48; Gade 1995a, 31).

Hǫgna ‘of Hǫgni’

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Hǫgni (noun m.): [Hǫgni, Högni]

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 3, 4] ins gjalla baugnafaðs hjóls meyjar Hǫgna ‘the resounding boss-hubbed wheel of the maid of Hǫgni <legendary king> [= Hildr > SHIELD]’: This extended kenning, like that in st. 1, includes an adjectival element formed from a p. p., baugnafaðr ‘boss-hubbed’ (from baugr ‘boss, circle’ and nǫf ‘nave, hub’), that both continues and draws attention to the analogy between a shield and a wheel that forms the basis of the kenning. This adj. is a hap. leg. and caused the scribes difficulty. A second adj., gjallr ‘ringing, resounding’, has a similar effect, as it can apply both to the noise of a cart-wheel turning and the striking of weapons on the metal boss of a wooden shield. Hǫgni was the father of Hildr, a valkyrie-like figure central to the story of the Everlasting Battle (Hjaðningavíg) that forms the subject of Rdr 9-12 (q. v.). In skaldic poetry Hildr may be a proper name (and thus the basis of a woman- or valkyrie-kenning), but carries with it some semantic resonance from its meaning as the common noun hildr ‘battle’.

Hǫgna ‘of Hǫgni’

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Hǫgni (noun m.): [Hǫgni, Högni]

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 3, 4] ins gjalla baugnafaðs hjóls meyjar Hǫgna ‘the resounding boss-hubbed wheel of the maid of Hǫgni <legendary king> [= Hildr > SHIELD]’: This extended kenning, like that in st. 1, includes an adjectival element formed from a p. p., baugnafaðr ‘boss-hubbed’ (from baugr ‘boss, circle’ and nǫf ‘nave, hub’), that both continues and draws attention to the analogy between a shield and a wheel that forms the basis of the kenning. This adj. is a hap. leg. and caused the scribes difficulty. A second adj., gjallr ‘ringing, resounding’, has a similar effect, as it can apply both to the noise of a cart-wheel turning and the striking of weapons on the metal boss of a wooden shield. Hǫgni was the father of Hildr, a valkyrie-like figure central to the story of the Everlasting Battle (Hjaðningavíg) that forms the subject of Rdr 9-12 (q. v.). In skaldic poetry Hildr may be a proper name (and thus the basis of a woman- or valkyrie-kenning), but carries with it some semantic resonance from its meaning as the common noun hildr ‘battle’.