Bǫlv Hardr 8II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Bǫlverkr Arnórsson, Drápa about Haraldr harðráði 8’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 293.
Leiðangr ‘a fleet’
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leiðangr (noun m.; °leiðangrs, dat. leiðangri; leiðangrar): naval levy
notes
[1] leiðangr ‘a fleet’: In the later Norw. laws, there are detailed provisions for the equipment and maintenance of the standing fleet or levy (see NGL I, 96-104, 197-204). See also Falk 1912, 98-9, Jesch 2001a, 195-8, and Note to ÞjóðA Har 5/3, 5.
af ‘from’
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af (prep.): from
láði ‘land’
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2. láð (noun n.): earth, land
lǫgr ‘the sea’
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lǫgr (noun m.; °lagar, dat. legi): sea
gekk ‘went’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
of ‘over’
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
skip ‘the ships’
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skip (noun n.; °-s; -): ship
fǫgru ‘the fair’
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fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful
gjalfr ‘surge-’
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gjalfr (noun n.; °-s): surge, waves < gjalfrstóð (noun n.)
[3] gjalfr‑: ‘gialf‑’ Mork, gjalfrs H
kennings
glæstum gjalfrstóðum.‘with the splendid surge-steeds. ’
= SHIPS
with the splendid surge-steeds. → SHIPS
stóðum ‘steeds’
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2. stóð (noun n.; °-s): stud-horse < gjalfrstóð (noun n.)
[3] ‑stóðum: so 39, F, E, Mork, Flat, Hr, R, Tˣ, A, ‑stǫðum Kˣ, J2ˣ, H, ‘stoð er’ FskAˣ, stórum C
kennings
glæstum gjalfrstóðum.‘with the splendid surge-steeds. ’
= SHIPS
with the splendid surge-steeds. → SHIPS
reist ‘you carved’
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2. rista (verb): carve
[3] reist (‘reistu’): ‘reztu’ R, C, ‘reuto’ Tˣ
grœði ‘the ocean’
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grœði (noun n.): swell
glæstum ‘with the splendid’
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glæstr (adj./verb p.p.): adorned, shining, splendid
[4] glæstum ár: glæstu mar FskAˣ; glæstum: glæst um J2ˣ, glæstr um Hr, flestum Tˣ
kennings
glæstum gjalfrstóðum.‘with the splendid surge-steeds. ’
= SHIPS
with the splendid surge-steeds. → SHIPS
ár ‘year’
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2. ár (noun n.; °-s; -): year, year’s abundance
[4] glæstum ár: glæstu mar FskAˣ
it ‘the’
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2. inn (art.): the
næsta ‘next’
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nærri (adj. comp.; °superl. nǽstr): near, nearer, next
Skokkr ‘bottom-board’
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skokkr (noun m.): bottom-board
notes
[5] skokkr ‘bottom-board’: For this translation, see NN §§1793, 1793C and Note to st. 4/8 above. Lindquist (1928, 392) suggests the emendation dýr skokks ‘the animal of the bottom board’, i.e. ‘ship’.
lá ‘rested’
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liggja (verb): lie
dýrr ‘The precious’
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
á ‘on’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
døkkri ‘the dark’
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døkkr (adj.; °-van; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr): dark
Danir ‘the Danes’
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dan (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): Dane
vôru ‘were’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
skeiðr ‘warships’
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1. skeið (noun f.; °-ar; -r/-ar/-ir): ship
notes
[7] skeiðr ‘warships’: See Note to Valg Har 1/2.
sá ‘saw’
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2. sjá (verb): see
herr ‘people’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
notes
[7] herr ‘people’: Herr can mean ‘army’ or ‘people, inhabitants’ (LP: herr 2). The latter meaning is adopted here because the word refers to the inhabitants of Denmark and not to the Dan. army.
fyr ‘off’
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
hauðri ‘the shore’
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hauðr (noun n.): earth, ground
hlaðnar ‘loaded’
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2. hlaða (verb): heap, pile
illa ‘in a bad’
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illr (adj.): bad, evil, unwell
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The summer after the death of Magnús Óláfsson, Haraldr set out for Denmark with his fleet (1048). In SnE, grœði is given as a heiti for ‘sea’.
For this campaign, see also Hharð Lv 4, ÞjóðA Lv 2, Grani Har 1-2 and Anon (HSig) 1.
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