Bjbp Jóms 32I
Emily Lethbridge (ed.) 2012, ‘Bjarni byskup Kolbeinsson, Jómsvíkingadrápa 32’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 987.
Þá ‘Then’
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2. þá (adv.): then
frák ‘I have heard’
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1. fregna (verb): hear of
él ‘blizzard’
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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm
it ‘up’
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2. inn (art.): the
illa ‘the terrible’
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illr (adj.): bad, evil, unwell
Hǫlga ‘Hǫlgi’s’
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Hǫlgi (noun m.): Hǫlgi < hǫlgabrúðr (noun f.): hǫlgabrúðr
[2] Hǫlga‑: haulda 53, 54, Bb
notes
[2] Hǫlgabrúði (f. acc. sg.) ‘Hǫlgi’s bride [= Þorgerðr]’: This is Hákon jarl’s patroness, the giantess Þorgerðr. According to SnE (1998, I, 60), Hǫlgi was the eponymous ruler of Hálogaland (Hålogaland) and Þorgerðr was his daughter (and hence brúðr may have the more general sense ‘woman’ here, cf. LP: brúðr 3); sacrifices were made to both of them. The first element of Hǫlgabrúðr also occurs elsewhere as Hǫrga-, Hǫrða- and Hǫlða- and the second as ‑troll; see further Jvs 1962, 36-7, 51-2; McKinnell (2002); Røthe (2007). The R reading ‑brúði adopted here (as in Skj B and Skald) forms an acc. with inf. construction with (frák ...) œða ‘(I have heard ...) stirred up’, lit. ‘(I have heard ...) to stir up’, so that Hǫlgabrúðr is the agent who raises the storm. The ÓT reading f. gen. sg. -brúðar would qualify él ‘blizzard’ and œðask would be intransitive, hence ‘I have heard the terrible storm of Hǫlgi’s bride raged’.
brúði ‘bride’
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brúðr (noun f.; °brúðar, dat. & acc. brúði; brúðir): woman, bride < hǫlgabrúðr (noun f.): hǫlgabrúðr
[2] ‑brúði: brúðar all others
notes
[2] Hǫlgabrúði (f. acc. sg.) ‘Hǫlgi’s bride [= Þorgerðr]’: This is Hákon jarl’s patroness, the giantess Þorgerðr. According to SnE (1998, I, 60), Hǫlgi was the eponymous ruler of Hálogaland (Hålogaland) and Þorgerðr was his daughter (and hence brúðr may have the more general sense ‘woman’ here, cf. LP: brúðr 3); sacrifices were made to both of them. The first element of Hǫlgabrúðr also occurs elsewhere as Hǫrga-, Hǫrða- and Hǫlða- and the second as ‑troll; see further Jvs 1962, 36-7, 51-2; McKinnell (2002); Røthe (2007). The R reading ‑brúði adopted here (as in Skj B and Skald) forms an acc. with inf. construction with (frák ...) œða ‘(I have heard ...) stirred up’, lit. ‘(I have heard ...) to stir up’, so that Hǫlgabrúðr is the agent who raises the storm. The ÓT reading f. gen. sg. -brúðar would qualify él ‘blizzard’ and œðask would be intransitive, hence ‘I have heard the terrible storm of Hǫlgi’s bride raged’.
glumði ‘resounded’
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glymja (verb): resound
hagl ‘hail’
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hagl (noun n.; °-s; dat. *-um): hail
á ‘on’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
hlífum ‘shields’
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hlíf (noun f.; °-ar; -ar): shield, defence
[3] hlífum: hjálmum all others
grimt ‘cruel’
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grimmr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): fierce
ór ‘from’
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3. ór (prep.): out of
norðri ‘the north’
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1. norðr (noun n.; °-s): [Norwegians, north]
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
orm ‘the snake’
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ormr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): serpent < ormfránn (adj.)
notes
[5] ormfrán augu ‘the snake-flashing eyes’: The collocation is also found in Sigv ErfÓl 13/7, 8, referring to Óláfr helgi, and in Hundk Lv 1/5, 6VIII (HjǪ 29). On the topos of the flashing eyes of the warlord, see Marold (1998a).
frán ‘flashing’
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2. fránn (adj.): bright, shining < ormfránn (adj.)
notes
[5] ormfrán augu ‘the snake-flashing eyes’: The collocation is also found in Sigv ErfÓl 13/7, 8, referring to Óláfr helgi, and in Hundk Lv 1/5, 6VIII (HjǪ 29). On the topos of the flashing eyes of the warlord, see Marold (1998a).
augu ‘eyes’
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auga (noun n.; °auga; augu/augun, gen. augna): eye
notes
[5] ormfrán augu ‘the snake-flashing eyes’: The collocation is also found in Sigv ErfÓl 13/7, 8, referring to Óláfr helgi, and in Hundk Lv 1/5, 6VIII (HjǪ 29). On the topos of the flashing eyes of the warlord, see Marold (1998a).
ýtum ‘of men’
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ýtr (noun m.): man; launcher
skýja ‘of clouds’
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ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud
kennings
grjóti skýja,‘the gravel of clouds, ’
= HAIL
the gravel of clouds, → HAIL
kennings
grjóti skýja,‘the gravel of clouds, ’
= HAIL
the gravel of clouds, → HAIL
notes
[7] knátti ben blása ‘wounds swelled’: Knátti, lit. ‘could’, is a pleonastic auxiliary. Blása ‘swell’ is used impersonally (see CVC: blása III), so ben ‘wound(s)’ is acc. and presumably pl. The same construction is assumed in Fms 12, 44, 245 and Skj B, but blása is taken to refer to a noise made by the wounds (also LP: blása 4, where it is the only example). An alternative construal is that the understood subject of knátti is the hail-storm and blása is transitive, with ben as its object, hence ‘it blasted wounds’.
ben ‘wounds’
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2. ben (noun n.; °-s; -): wound
notes
[7] knátti ben blása ‘wounds swelled’: Knátti, lit. ‘could’, is a pleonastic auxiliary. Blása ‘swell’ is used impersonally (see CVC: blása III), so ben ‘wound(s)’ is acc. and presumably pl. The same construction is assumed in Fms 12, 44, 245 and Skj B, but blása is taken to refer to a noise made by the wounds (also LP: blása 4, where it is the only example). An alternative construal is that the understood subject of knátti is the hail-storm and blása is transitive, with ben as its object, hence ‘it blasted wounds’.
blása ‘swelled’
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2. blása (verb; °blǽss; blés, blésu; blásinn): blow
notes
[7] knátti ben blása ‘wounds swelled’: Knátti, lit. ‘could’, is a pleonastic auxiliary. Blása ‘swell’ is used impersonally (see CVC: blása III), so ben ‘wound(s)’ is acc. and presumably pl. The same construction is assumed in Fms 12, 44, 245 and Skj B, but blása is taken to refer to a noise made by the wounds (also LP: blása 4, where it is the only example). An alternative construal is that the understood subject of knátti is the hail-storm and blása is transitive, with ben as its object, hence ‘it blasted wounds’.
barði ‘beat’
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2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
hreggi ‘by the storm’
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hregg (noun n.): storm
keyrðu ‘driven’
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keyra (verb): drive, whip, fling
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Hákon boards his ship again and rejoins the fray; he incites his troop and tells them that victory is assured. A great storm blows up against the Jómsvíkingar.
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