Bjbp Jóms 17^I

Sagt ‘said’

(not checked:)
segja (verb): say, tell

[1] Sagt var at: segja 61, Bb, seggja 54

var ‘It was’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[1] Sagt var at: segja 61, Bb, seggja 54

at ‘that’

(not checked:)
4. at (conj.): that

[1] Sagt var at: segja 61, Bb, seggja 54

rauðra ‘of red’

(not checked:)
rauðr (adj.; °compar. -ari): red

kennings

notes

[1-2]: (a) Sagt var ‘it is said’ is retained here as the reading of the main ms, and it echoes st. 16/1. The kenning reynendr rauðra randa ‘testers of red shields [WARRIORS]’ is taken in apposition to Jómsvíkingar (l. 4), as the joint subject of kœmi ‘brought’ (l. 4). (b) An alternative is to take the kenning as an apostrophe to the audience (so Fms 12, 243). (c) The ÓT reading segja ‘tell’ in l. 1 avoids the double subject for kœmi since the kenning for ‘warriors’ can then be the subject of segja (so Fms 12, 41), though the graphic warrior-kenning would seem more likely to refer to the Jómsvíkingar than to anyone else.

randa ‘shields’

(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim

kennings

notes

[1-2]: (a) Sagt var ‘it is said’ is retained here as the reading of the main ms, and it echoes st. 16/1. The kenning reynendr rauðra randa ‘testers of red shields [WARRIORS]’ is taken in apposition to Jómsvíkingar (l. 4), as the joint subject of kœmi ‘brought’ (l. 4). (b) An alternative is to take the kenning as an apostrophe to the audience (so Fms 12, 243). (c) The ÓT reading segja ‘tell’ in l. 1 avoids the double subject for kœmi since the kenning for ‘warriors’ can then be the subject of segja (so Fms 12, 41), though the graphic warrior-kenning would seem more likely to refer to the Jómsvíkingar than to anyone else.

reynendr ‘the testers’

(not checked:)
reynandi (noun m.): [testers, trier]

[2] reynendr: reyfendr 54, Bb

kennings

notes

[1-2]: (a) Sagt var ‘it is said’ is retained here as the reading of the main ms, and it echoes st. 16/1. The kenning reynendr rauðra randa ‘testers of red shields [WARRIORS]’ is taken in apposition to Jómsvíkingar (l. 4), as the joint subject of kœmi ‘brought’ (l. 4). (b) An alternative is to take the kenning as an apostrophe to the audience (so Fms 12, 243). (c) The ÓT reading segja ‘tell’ in l. 1 avoids the double subject for kœmi since the kenning for ‘warriors’ can then be the subject of segja (so Fms 12, 41), though the graphic warrior-kenning would seem more likely to refer to the Jómsvíkingar than to anyone else.

flota ‘fleet’

(not checked:)
floti (noun m.): fleet

sínum ‘their’

(not checked:)
3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)

jóla ‘on Yule’

(not checked:)
jól (noun n.; °; -): midwinter feast < jólanátt (noun f.)

nótt ‘night’

(not checked:)
nátt (noun f.; °náttar/nǽtr, dat. -/-u; nǽtr): night < jólanátt (noun f.)

at ‘to’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

[3] at: á 54, Bb

Jaðri ‘Jæren’

(not checked:)
2. Jaðarr (noun m.): Jæren

Jómsvíkingar ‘the Jómsvíkingar’

(not checked:)
jómsvíkingr (noun m.): [Jómsvíkingar]

notes

[4] Jómsvíkingar ‘the Jómsvíkingar’: This collective name for the warriors based in Jóm or Jómsborg (see Note to st. 6/2) is not found in contemporary poetry, and this led Lauritz Weibull to dispute their existence; see ÍF 26, cxi-cxii for a summary of the debate.

kœmi ‘brought’

(not checked:)
koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

[4] kœmi: so all others, kómu R

notes

[4] kœmi (3rd pers. pl. pret. subj.) ‘brought’: This produces skothending in the even line, which is normal within the munnvǫrp metre of Jóms. The indic. form kómu in R is also possible. It produces aðalhending, which is rare in the even lines of Jóms, but not unparalleled (see Introduction).

Váru ‘were’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

heldr ‘rather’

(not checked:)
heldr (adv.): rather

á ‘for’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

harðan ‘a hard’

(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh

hernuð ‘raiding campaign’

(not checked:)
hernaðr (noun m.): raiding campaign

firar ‘Men’

(not checked:)
firar (noun m.): men

gjarnir ‘eager’

(not checked:)
gjarn (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): eager

rjóðendr ‘the reddeners’

(not checked:)
rjóðandi (noun m.): reddener

kennings

buðu ‘offered’

(not checked:)
bjóða (verb; °býðr; bauð, buðu; boðinn (buð- Thom¹ 5²n.)): offer, order, invite

notes

[7] buðu ríki ‘offered force’: The phrase appears to be equivalent to bjóða ofríki ‘offer excessive force, overcome’ (Fritzner: bjóða 1), and perhaps bella ríki ‘use strength’, attested in Ótt Knútdr 5/3, 4.

ríki ‘force’

(not checked:)
ríki (noun n.; °-s; -): kingdom, power

notes

[7] buðu ríki ‘offered force’: The phrase appears to be equivalent to bjóða ofríki ‘offer excessive force, overcome’ (Fritzner: bjóða 1), and perhaps bella ríki ‘use strength’, attested in Ótt Knútdr 5/3, 4.

rand ‘of shield’

(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim < randormr (noun m.)

kennings

rand ‘of shield’

(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim < randormr (noun m.)

kennings

orma ‘snakes’

(not checked:)
ormr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): serpent < randormr (noun m.)

kennings

orma ‘snakes’

(not checked:)
ormr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): serpent < randormr (noun m.)

kennings

Geir ‘to’

(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear < Geirmundr (noun m.): Geirmundr

[8] Geir‑: ‘gier‑’ Bb

notes

[8] Geirmundi ‘to Geirmundr’: See Context. The attack on Geirmundr appears to be part of the general hostilities as the Jómsvíkingar reach Norway: no specific reason is given in the poem or its prose context.

mundi ‘Geirmundr’

(not checked:)
mundr (noun m.): hand < Geirmundr (noun m.): Geirmundr

notes

[8] Geirmundi ‘to Geirmundr’: See Context. The attack on Geirmundr appears to be part of the general hostilities as the Jómsvíkingar reach Norway: no specific reason is given in the poem or its prose context.