Bjarni Frag 2III
Edith Marold (ed.) 2017, ‘Bjarni ...ason, Fragments 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 22.
Svát ‘So that’
(not checked:)
svát (conj.): so that, so as
ý ‘of bow’
(not checked:)
ýr (noun m.): yew, yew-bow, bow < ýdrótt (noun f.)
kennings
ýdróttum.‘of bow-troops. ’
= WARRIORS
bow-troops. → WARRIORS
notes
[1] ýdróttum ‘of bow-troops [WARRIORS]’: Ý- ‘yew’ is synonymous with ‘bow’ because bows were commonly fashioned out of this wood (Falk 1914b, 92).
dróttum ‘troops’
(not checked:)
1. drótt (noun f.): troop < ýdrótt (noun f.)
kennings
ýdróttum.‘of bow-troops. ’
= WARRIORS
bow-troops. → WARRIORS
notes
[1] ýdróttum ‘of bow-troops [WARRIORS]’: Ý- ‘yew’ is synonymous with ‘bow’ because bows were commonly fashioned out of this wood (Falk 1914b, 92).
ôttu ‘’
(not checked:)
2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
notes
[1, 4] ôttu gnauða ‘rattled’: Lit. ‘had to rattle’; ôttu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic. of eiga) is purely pleonastic here. The verb gnauða ‘rattle’ extends the metaphor svǫrf ‘shavings’ for ‘blood’ (on which, see Note to l. 4).
éls ‘storm’
(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
éls ‘storm’
(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
éls ‘storm’
(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
rekninga ‘of swords’
(not checked:)
rekningr (noun m.; °;-ar): sword, driven one
[2] rekninga: ‘rekuga’ 2368ˣ, 743ˣ
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
rekninga ‘of swords’
(not checked:)
rekningr (noun m.; °;-ar): sword, driven one
[2] rekninga: ‘rekuga’ 2368ˣ, 743ˣ
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
rekninga ‘of swords’
(not checked:)
rekningr (noun m.; °;-ar): sword, driven one
[2] rekninga: ‘rekuga’ 2368ˣ, 743ˣ
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
þélar ‘of the file’
(not checked:)
þél (noun f.; °; -ar): file
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
þélar ‘of the file’
(not checked:)
þél (noun f.; °; -ar): file
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
rams ‘of the strong’
(not checked:)
rammr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): mighty
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
rams ‘of the strong’
(not checked:)
rammr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): mighty
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
rams ‘of the strong’
(not checked:)
rammr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): mighty
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
af ‘from’
(not checked:)
af (prep.): from
reikar ‘of the hair-parting’
(not checked:)
1. reik (noun f.; °-ar; -r): hair-parting
kennings
himni reikar‘the sky of the hair-parting ’
= HEAD
the sky of the hair-parting → HEAD
himni ‘the sky’
(not checked:)
himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky
kennings
himni reikar‘the sky of the hair-parting ’
= HEAD
the sky of the hair-parting → HEAD
rauð ‘the red’
(not checked:)
rauðr (adj.; °compar. -ari): red
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
svǫrf ‘shavings’
(not checked:)
svarf (noun n.; °; dat. *-um): [swarf]
kennings
rauð svǫrf þélar rams éls rekninga‘the red shavings of the file of the strong storm of swords ’
= BLOOD
the strong storm of swords → BATTLE
the file of the BATTLE → SWORD
the red shavings of the SWORD → BLOOD
notes
[4] svǫrf ‘shavings’: The base-word of this kenning for ‘blood’ builds on the metaphorical base-word of the sword-kenning (þél ‘file’). Shavings, small fragments of metal, are produced by using a þél (file) – here they denote drops of blood from a wound caused by a sword.
ofan ‘down’
(not checked:)
ofan (adv.): down
gnauða ‘rattled’
(not checked:)
gnauða (verb): roar
notes
[1, 4] ôttu gnauða ‘rattled’: Lit. ‘had to rattle’; ôttu (3rd pers. pl. pret. indic. of eiga) is purely pleonastic here. The verb gnauða ‘rattle’ extends the metaphor svǫrf ‘shavings’ for ‘blood’ (on which, see Note to l. 4).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The helmingr is cited in the same section as Frag 1 above, illustrating kennings for ‘head’.
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