Auðunn Lv 2I
Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2012, ‘Auðunn illskælda, Lausavísa 2’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 122.
Særðu ‘’
(not checked:)
særa (verb): wound
Stóðu ‘’
(not checked:)
standa (verb): stand
Stóðu ‘stood’
(not checked:)
standa (verb): stand
[1] Stóðu vér und víðum: ‘[…]’ Hb, Særðu vér und viðum 67aˣ, 67bˣ, 307ˣ, Stóðu vér und víðum HbFms n. p., HbSnE, HbFJ
vér ‘’
(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
vér ‘We [I]’
(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
[1] Stóðu vér und víðum: ‘[…]’ Hb, Særðu vér und viðum 67aˣ, 67bˣ, 307ˣ, Stóðu vér und víðum HbFms n. p., HbSnE, HbFJ
und ‘’
(not checked:)
3. und (prep.): under, underneath
und ‘beneath’
(not checked:)
3. und (prep.): under, underneath
[1] Stóðu vér und víðum: ‘[…]’ Hb, Særðu vér und viðum 67aˣ, 67bˣ, 307ˣ, Stóðu vér und víðum HbFms n. p., HbSnE, HbFJ
víðum ‘’
(not checked:)
víðr (adj.): far
víðum ‘the broad’
(not checked:)
víðr (adj.): far
[1] Stóðu vér und víðum: ‘[…]’ Hb, Særðu vér und viðum 67aˣ, 67bˣ, 307ˣ, Stóðu vér und víðum HbFms n. p., HbSnE, HbFJ
[…]dar ‘’
vindar ‘’
(not checked:)
1. vindr (noun m.; °-s/-ar; -ar): wind
vindar ‘of the wind’
(not checked:)
1. vindr (noun m.; °-s/-ar; -ar): wind
[2] vindar: ‘[…]dar’ Hb, vindar 67aˣ, 67bˣ, 307ˣ, HbFms n. p., HbSnE, HbFJ
tjálgr ‘’
tjǫlgu ‘’
(not checked:)
tjalga (noun f.): branch
tjǫlgu ‘of the branch’
(not checked:)
tjalga (noun f.): branch
[2] tjǫlgu (‘tjalgv’): ‘tialg[…]’ Hb, tjálgr 67aˣ, 67bˣ, tjǫlgu 307ˣ, HbFms n. p., HbSnE, HbFJ
linda ‘’
(not checked:)
1. lind (noun f.): linden-shield, linden tree
linda ‘girdle’
(not checked:)
1. lind (noun f.): linden-shield, linden tree
[2] linda: ‘[…]’ Hb, linda 67aˣ, 67bˣ, 307ˣ, HbFms n. p., HbSnE, HbFJ
herkir ‘’
(not checked:)
1. herkir (noun m.): [giant, Herkir]
herkir ‘giant’
(not checked:)
1. herkir (noun m.): [giant, Herkir]
[3] herkir: ‘[…]’ Hb, herkir 67aˣ, 67bˣ, 307ˣ, HbFms n. p., HbSnE, HbFJ
kennings
herkir hyrjar serkja;‘giant of the fire of mail-shirts; ’
= WARRIOR
the fire of mail-shirts; → SWORD
giant of the SWORD → WARRIOR
notes
[3] herkir hyrjar serkja ‘giant of the fire of mail-shirts [SWORD > WARRIOR]’: Guðmundur Finnbogason (1928, 223-4) assumes that the kenning refers to an unnamed servant who has locked the gate of the yard in which the poets were imprisoned overnight. Alternatively, it might be addressed to a fictitious bystander, or even refer to the poet himself if in apposition to vér ‘we [I]’. Herkir is recorded as a giant-name in Þul Jǫtna I 2/3III. Etymologically the noun means ‘devastator’ or ‘noise-maker’, and can also refer to fire (cf. LP: herkir; AEW: herkir; Note to Þul Jǫtna I 2/3III). A man-kenning (in this case specifically a warrior-kenning) with ‘giant’ as base-word is usually pejorative (cf. SnE 1998, I, 40), and this would be appropriate if the referent were a servant.
hyrjar ‘of the fire’
(not checked:)
hyrr (noun m.): fire
kennings
herkir hyrjar serkja;‘giant of the fire of mail-shirts; ’
= WARRIOR
the fire of mail-shirts; → SWORD
giant of the SWORD → WARRIOR
notes
[3] herkir hyrjar serkja ‘giant of the fire of mail-shirts [SWORD > WARRIOR]’: Guðmundur Finnbogason (1928, 223-4) assumes that the kenning refers to an unnamed servant who has locked the gate of the yard in which the poets were imprisoned overnight. Alternatively, it might be addressed to a fictitious bystander, or even refer to the poet himself if in apposition to vér ‘we [I]’. Herkir is recorded as a giant-name in Þul Jǫtna I 2/3III. Etymologically the noun means ‘devastator’ or ‘noise-maker’, and can also refer to fire (cf. LP: herkir; AEW: herkir; Note to Þul Jǫtna I 2/3III). A man-kenning (in this case specifically a warrior-kenning) with ‘giant’ as base-word is usually pejorative (cf. SnE 1998, I, 40), and this would be appropriate if the referent were a servant.
hyrjar ‘of the fire’
(not checked:)
hyrr (noun m.): fire
kennings
herkir hyrjar serkja;‘giant of the fire of mail-shirts; ’
= WARRIOR
the fire of mail-shirts; → SWORD
giant of the SWORD → WARRIOR
notes
[3] herkir hyrjar serkja ‘giant of the fire of mail-shirts [SWORD > WARRIOR]’: Guðmundur Finnbogason (1928, 223-4) assumes that the kenning refers to an unnamed servant who has locked the gate of the yard in which the poets were imprisoned overnight. Alternatively, it might be addressed to a fictitious bystander, or even refer to the poet himself if in apposition to vér ‘we [I]’. Herkir is recorded as a giant-name in Þul Jǫtna I 2/3III. Etymologically the noun means ‘devastator’ or ‘noise-maker’, and can also refer to fire (cf. LP: herkir; AEW: herkir; Note to Þul Jǫtna I 2/3III). A man-kenning (in this case specifically a warrior-kenning) with ‘giant’ as base-word is usually pejorative (cf. SnE 1998, I, 40), and this would be appropriate if the referent were a servant.
serki ‘’
(not checked:)
1. serkr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): shirt
[…]rkia ‘’
serkja ‘’
(not checked:)
1. serkr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): shirt
serkja ‘of mail-shirts’
(not checked:)
1. serkr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): shirt
[3] serkja: ‘[…]rkia’ Hb, serkja 67aˣ, 67bˣ, HbFms n. p., HbSnE, HbFJ, serki 307ˣ
kennings
herkir hyrjar serkja;‘giant of the fire of mail-shirts; ’
= WARRIOR
the fire of mail-shirts; → SWORD
giant of the SWORD → WARRIOR
notes
[3] herkir hyrjar serkja ‘giant of the fire of mail-shirts [SWORD > WARRIOR]’: Guðmundur Finnbogason (1928, 223-4) assumes that the kenning refers to an unnamed servant who has locked the gate of the yard in which the poets were imprisoned overnight. Alternatively, it might be addressed to a fictitious bystander, or even refer to the poet himself if in apposition to vér ‘we [I]’. Herkir is recorded as a giant-name in Þul Jǫtna I 2/3III. Etymologically the noun means ‘devastator’ or ‘noise-maker’, and can also refer to fire (cf. LP: herkir; AEW: herkir; Note to Þul Jǫtna I 2/3III). A man-kenning (in this case specifically a warrior-kenning) with ‘giant’ as base-word is usually pejorative (cf. SnE 1998, I, 40), and this would be appropriate if the referent were a servant.
serkja ‘of mail-shirts’
(not checked:)
1. serkr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ir): shirt
[3] serkja: ‘[…]rkia’ Hb, serkja 67aˣ, 67bˣ, HbFms n. p., HbSnE, HbFJ, serki 307ˣ
kennings
herkir hyrjar serkja;‘giant of the fire of mail-shirts; ’
= WARRIOR
the fire of mail-shirts; → SWORD
giant of the SWORD → WARRIOR
notes
[3] herkir hyrjar serkja ‘giant of the fire of mail-shirts [SWORD > WARRIOR]’: Guðmundur Finnbogason (1928, 223-4) assumes that the kenning refers to an unnamed servant who has locked the gate of the yard in which the poets were imprisoned overnight. Alternatively, it might be addressed to a fictitious bystander, or even refer to the poet himself if in apposition to vér ‘we [I]’. Herkir is recorded as a giant-name in Þul Jǫtna I 2/3III. Etymologically the noun means ‘devastator’ or ‘noise-maker’, and can also refer to fire (cf. LP: herkir; AEW: herkir; Note to Þul Jǫtna I 2/3III). A man-kenning (in this case specifically a warrior-kenning) with ‘giant’ as base-word is usually pejorative (cf. SnE 1998, I, 40), and this would be appropriate if the referent were a servant.
hvorr ‘’
hvorir ‘’
(not checked:)
hvar (adv.): where
hverr ‘’
(not checked:)
2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
hvé ‘how’
(not checked:)
hvé (conj.): how
[4] hvé of vélti: ‘hve of vi[…]’ Hb, hvorir alt í 67aˣ, 67bˣ, 307ˣ, ‘hvorr veællt í’ HbFms n. p., hverr vélti HbSnE, hvé of vélti HbFJ
notes
[4] hvé of vélti belti þat ‘how did the “belt” trick me’: By placing ‘belt’ in inverted commas, the intention is to suggest that it is used metaphorically (as with lindi ‘belt, girdle’ in l. 2) to refer to the paling fence. Belti ‘belt’ forms a striking clause with vélti ‘tricked’, since véla normally takes an animate subject, but cf. Ǫlv Lv 1/3-4, where the same fence has control over poets’ conversation. The object is n. acc. sg. þat, apparently implying skald n., hence ‘me, the poet’. It is to be noted that there is an inexact aðalhending between vélti : belti, but this may be indicative of the stanza’s early date.
veællt ‘’
alt ‘’
(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all
of ‘did’
(not checked:)
4. of (particle): (before verb)
[4] hvé of vélti: ‘hve of vi[…]’ Hb, hvorir alt í 67aˣ, 67bˣ, 307ˣ, ‘hvorr veællt í’ HbFms n. p., hverr vélti HbSnE, hvé of vélti HbFJ
notes
[4] hvé of vélti belti þat ‘how did the “belt” trick me’: By placing ‘belt’ in inverted commas, the intention is to suggest that it is used metaphorically (as with lindi ‘belt, girdle’ in l. 2) to refer to the paling fence. Belti ‘belt’ forms a striking clause with vélti ‘tricked’, since véla normally takes an animate subject, but cf. Ǫlv Lv 1/3-4, where the same fence has control over poets’ conversation. The object is n. acc. sg. þat, apparently implying skald n., hence ‘me, the poet’. It is to be noted that there is an inexact aðalhending between vélti : belti, but this may be indicative of the stanza’s early date.
í ‘’
(not checked:)
9. í (adv.): in, into
vélti ‘’
(not checked:)
véla (verb): betray, trick
vélti ‘trick’
(not checked:)
véla (verb): betray, trick
[4] hvé of vélti: ‘hve of vi[…]’ Hb, hvorir alt í 67aˣ, 67bˣ, 307ˣ, ‘hvorr veællt í’ HbFms n. p., hverr vélti HbSnE, hvé of vélti HbFJ
notes
[4] hvé of vélti belti þat ‘how did the “belt” trick me’: By placing ‘belt’ in inverted commas, the intention is to suggest that it is used metaphorically (as with lindi ‘belt, girdle’ in l. 2) to refer to the paling fence. Belti ‘belt’ forms a striking clause with vélti ‘tricked’, since véla normally takes an animate subject, but cf. Ǫlv Lv 1/3-4, where the same fence has control over poets’ conversation. The object is n. acc. sg. þat, apparently implying skald n., hence ‘me, the poet’. It is to be noted that there is an inexact aðalhending between vélti : belti, but this may be indicative of the stanza’s early date.
þat ‘me’
[4] þat belti: ‘[…]bellti’ Hb, þat belti 67aˣ, 67bˣ, 307ˣ, HbFJ, þat belki HbFms n. p., ‘þat? belti’ HbSnE
notes
[4] hvé of vélti belti þat ‘how did the “belt” trick me’: By placing ‘belt’ in inverted commas, the intention is to suggest that it is used metaphorically (as with lindi ‘belt, girdle’ in l. 2) to refer to the paling fence. Belti ‘belt’ forms a striking clause with vélti ‘tricked’, since véla normally takes an animate subject, but cf. Ǫlv Lv 1/3-4, where the same fence has control over poets’ conversation. The object is n. acc. sg. þat, apparently implying skald n., hence ‘me, the poet’. It is to be noted that there is an inexact aðalhending between vélti : belti, but this may be indicative of the stanza’s early date.
belki ‘’
belti ‘the ‘belt’’
(not checked:)
belti (noun n.; °-s; -): belt
[4] þat belti: ‘[…]bellti’ Hb, þat belti 67aˣ, 67bˣ, 307ˣ, HbFJ, þat belki HbFms n. p., ‘þat? belti’ HbSnE
notes
[4] hvé of vélti belti þat ‘how did the “belt” trick me’: By placing ‘belt’ in inverted commas, the intention is to suggest that it is used metaphorically (as with lindi ‘belt, girdle’ in l. 2) to refer to the paling fence. Belti ‘belt’ forms a striking clause with vélti ‘tricked’, since véla normally takes an animate subject, but cf. Ǫlv Lv 1/3-4, where the same fence has control over poets’ conversation. The object is n. acc. sg. þat, apparently implying skald n., hence ‘me, the poet’. It is to be noted that there is an inexact aðalhending between vélti : belti, but this may be indicative of the stanza’s early date.
Þat ‘that’
notes
[5-6] hykk Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs þat hvǫttu ‘I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that’: Hvǫttu is past inf. of the verb hvetja ‘to whet, encourage’, hence lit. ‘to have encouraged’. The construction hykk ‘I think’ followed by an acc. with past inf. construction is uncommon, but not unprecedented; cf. NS §217b on the construction with verbs of thinking and NS §§220 and 221b on the use of the past. inf. generally.
hykk ‘I think’
(not checked:)
2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
notes
[5-6] hykk Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs þat hvǫttu ‘I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that’: Hvǫttu is past inf. of the verb hvetja ‘to whet, encourage’, hence lit. ‘to have encouraged’. The construction hykk ‘I think’ followed by an acc. with past inf. construction is uncommon, but not unprecedented; cf. NS §217b on the construction with verbs of thinking and NS §§220 and 221b on the use of the past. inf. generally.
hramm ‘of the arm’
(not checked:)
hrammr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): claws < hrammfjǫturr (noun m.): [arm-fetter]
[5] hrammfjǫturs: hrafnfjǫturs all others, ‘hraf[…] fiot[…]s’ Hb
kennings
Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs‘the Hlǫkk of the arm-fetter ’
= WOMAN
the arm-fetter → ARM-RING
the Hlǫkk of the ARM-RING → WOMAN
notes
[5] hrammfjǫturs ‘of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING]’: The first element of this cpd is almost certainly hrafn- in Hb. Assuming, however, that this forms part of a woman-kenning with Hlǫkk (l. 6), the cpd ‘raven-fetter’ would not be appropriate, so some eds (SnE 1848-87, III; Skald) have adopted the rare spelling variant hramm for hrafn (cf. Anon Leið 16/2VII and GSvert Hrafndr 7/3IV), understanding that the scribe has confused it here with the noun hramm- ‘arm’, and that has been followed here; cf. leggfjǫtrs ‘of the limb-fetter [ARM-RING]’ Hár Lv 1/5. — [5-6] hykk Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs þat hvǫttu ‘I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that’: Hvǫttu is past inf. of the verb hvetja ‘to whet, encourage’, hence lit. ‘to have encouraged’. The construction hykk ‘I think’ followed by an acc. with past inf. construction is uncommon, but not unprecedented; cf. NS §217b on the construction with verbs of thinking and NS §§220 and 221b on the use of the past. inf. generally.
hramm ‘of the arm’
(not checked:)
hrammr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): claws < hrammfjǫturr (noun m.): [arm-fetter]
[5] hrammfjǫturs: hrafnfjǫturs all others, ‘hraf[…] fiot[…]s’ Hb
kennings
Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs‘the Hlǫkk of the arm-fetter ’
= WOMAN
the arm-fetter → ARM-RING
the Hlǫkk of the ARM-RING → WOMAN
notes
[5] hrammfjǫturs ‘of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING]’: The first element of this cpd is almost certainly hrafn- in Hb. Assuming, however, that this forms part of a woman-kenning with Hlǫkk (l. 6), the cpd ‘raven-fetter’ would not be appropriate, so some eds (SnE 1848-87, III; Skald) have adopted the rare spelling variant hramm for hrafn (cf. Anon Leið 16/2VII and GSvert Hrafndr 7/3IV), understanding that the scribe has confused it here with the noun hramm- ‘arm’, and that has been followed here; cf. leggfjǫtrs ‘of the limb-fetter [ARM-RING]’ Hár Lv 1/5. — [5-6] hykk Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs þat hvǫttu ‘I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that’: Hvǫttu is past inf. of the verb hvetja ‘to whet, encourage’, hence lit. ‘to have encouraged’. The construction hykk ‘I think’ followed by an acc. with past inf. construction is uncommon, but not unprecedented; cf. NS §217b on the construction with verbs of thinking and NS §§220 and 221b on the use of the past. inf. generally.
hramm ‘of the arm’
(not checked:)
hrammr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): claws < hrammfjǫturr (noun m.): [arm-fetter]
[5] hrammfjǫturs: hrafnfjǫturs all others, ‘hraf[…] fiot[…]s’ Hb
kennings
Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs‘the Hlǫkk of the arm-fetter ’
= WOMAN
the arm-fetter → ARM-RING
the Hlǫkk of the ARM-RING → WOMAN
notes
[5] hrammfjǫturs ‘of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING]’: The first element of this cpd is almost certainly hrafn- in Hb. Assuming, however, that this forms part of a woman-kenning with Hlǫkk (l. 6), the cpd ‘raven-fetter’ would not be appropriate, so some eds (SnE 1848-87, III; Skald) have adopted the rare spelling variant hramm for hrafn (cf. Anon Leið 16/2VII and GSvert Hrafndr 7/3IV), understanding that the scribe has confused it here with the noun hramm- ‘arm’, and that has been followed here; cf. leggfjǫtrs ‘of the limb-fetter [ARM-RING]’ Hár Lv 1/5. — [5-6] hykk Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs þat hvǫttu ‘I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that’: Hvǫttu is past inf. of the verb hvetja ‘to whet, encourage’, hence lit. ‘to have encouraged’. The construction hykk ‘I think’ followed by an acc. with past inf. construction is uncommon, but not unprecedented; cf. NS §217b on the construction with verbs of thinking and NS §§220 and 221b on the use of the past. inf. generally.
hramm ‘of the arm’
(not checked:)
hrammr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): claws < hrammfjǫturr (noun m.): [arm-fetter]
[5] hrammfjǫturs: hrafnfjǫturs all others, ‘hraf[…] fiot[…]s’ Hb
kennings
Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs‘the Hlǫkk of the arm-fetter ’
= WOMAN
the arm-fetter → ARM-RING
the Hlǫkk of the ARM-RING → WOMAN
notes
[5] hrammfjǫturs ‘of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING]’: The first element of this cpd is almost certainly hrafn- in Hb. Assuming, however, that this forms part of a woman-kenning with Hlǫkk (l. 6), the cpd ‘raven-fetter’ would not be appropriate, so some eds (SnE 1848-87, III; Skald) have adopted the rare spelling variant hramm for hrafn (cf. Anon Leið 16/2VII and GSvert Hrafndr 7/3IV), understanding that the scribe has confused it here with the noun hramm- ‘arm’, and that has been followed here; cf. leggfjǫtrs ‘of the limb-fetter [ARM-RING]’ Hár Lv 1/5. — [5-6] hykk Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs þat hvǫttu ‘I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that’: Hvǫttu is past inf. of the verb hvetja ‘to whet, encourage’, hence lit. ‘to have encouraged’. The construction hykk ‘I think’ followed by an acc. with past inf. construction is uncommon, but not unprecedented; cf. NS §217b on the construction with verbs of thinking and NS §§220 and 221b on the use of the past. inf. generally.
hrafnfjǫturs ‘’
fiot[…]s ‘’
hraf[…] ‘’
fjǫturs ‘fetter’
(not checked:)
fjǫturr (noun m.): fetter < hrammfjǫturr (noun m.): [arm-fetter]
[5] hrammfjǫturs: hrafnfjǫturs all others, ‘hraf[…] fiot[…]s’ Hb
kennings
Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs‘the Hlǫkk of the arm-fetter ’
= WOMAN
the arm-fetter → ARM-RING
the Hlǫkk of the ARM-RING → WOMAN
notes
[5] hrammfjǫturs ‘of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING]’: The first element of this cpd is almost certainly hrafn- in Hb. Assuming, however, that this forms part of a woman-kenning with Hlǫkk (l. 6), the cpd ‘raven-fetter’ would not be appropriate, so some eds (SnE 1848-87, III; Skald) have adopted the rare spelling variant hramm for hrafn (cf. Anon Leið 16/2VII and GSvert Hrafndr 7/3IV), understanding that the scribe has confused it here with the noun hramm- ‘arm’, and that has been followed here; cf. leggfjǫtrs ‘of the limb-fetter [ARM-RING]’ Hár Lv 1/5. — [5-6] hykk Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs þat hvǫttu ‘I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that’: Hvǫttu is past inf. of the verb hvetja ‘to whet, encourage’, hence lit. ‘to have encouraged’. The construction hykk ‘I think’ followed by an acc. with past inf. construction is uncommon, but not unprecedented; cf. NS §217b on the construction with verbs of thinking and NS §§220 and 221b on the use of the past. inf. generally.
fjǫturs ‘fetter’
(not checked:)
fjǫturr (noun m.): fetter < hrammfjǫturr (noun m.): [arm-fetter]
[5] hrammfjǫturs: hrafnfjǫturs all others, ‘hraf[…] fiot[…]s’ Hb
kennings
Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs‘the Hlǫkk of the arm-fetter ’
= WOMAN
the arm-fetter → ARM-RING
the Hlǫkk of the ARM-RING → WOMAN
notes
[5] hrammfjǫturs ‘of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING]’: The first element of this cpd is almost certainly hrafn- in Hb. Assuming, however, that this forms part of a woman-kenning with Hlǫkk (l. 6), the cpd ‘raven-fetter’ would not be appropriate, so some eds (SnE 1848-87, III; Skald) have adopted the rare spelling variant hramm for hrafn (cf. Anon Leið 16/2VII and GSvert Hrafndr 7/3IV), understanding that the scribe has confused it here with the noun hramm- ‘arm’, and that has been followed here; cf. leggfjǫtrs ‘of the limb-fetter [ARM-RING]’ Hár Lv 1/5. — [5-6] hykk Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs þat hvǫttu ‘I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that’: Hvǫttu is past inf. of the verb hvetja ‘to whet, encourage’, hence lit. ‘to have encouraged’. The construction hykk ‘I think’ followed by an acc. with past inf. construction is uncommon, but not unprecedented; cf. NS §217b on the construction with verbs of thinking and NS §§220 and 221b on the use of the past. inf. generally.
fjǫturs ‘fetter’
(not checked:)
fjǫturr (noun m.): fetter < hrammfjǫturr (noun m.): [arm-fetter]
[5] hrammfjǫturs: hrafnfjǫturs all others, ‘hraf[…] fiot[…]s’ Hb
kennings
Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs‘the Hlǫkk of the arm-fetter ’
= WOMAN
the arm-fetter → ARM-RING
the Hlǫkk of the ARM-RING → WOMAN
notes
[5] hrammfjǫturs ‘of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING]’: The first element of this cpd is almost certainly hrafn- in Hb. Assuming, however, that this forms part of a woman-kenning with Hlǫkk (l. 6), the cpd ‘raven-fetter’ would not be appropriate, so some eds (SnE 1848-87, III; Skald) have adopted the rare spelling variant hramm for hrafn (cf. Anon Leið 16/2VII and GSvert Hrafndr 7/3IV), understanding that the scribe has confused it here with the noun hramm- ‘arm’, and that has been followed here; cf. leggfjǫtrs ‘of the limb-fetter [ARM-RING]’ Hár Lv 1/5. — [5-6] hykk Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs þat hvǫttu ‘I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that’: Hvǫttu is past inf. of the verb hvetja ‘to whet, encourage’, hence lit. ‘to have encouraged’. The construction hykk ‘I think’ followed by an acc. with past inf. construction is uncommon, but not unprecedented; cf. NS §217b on the construction with verbs of thinking and NS §§220 and 221b on the use of the past. inf. generally.
fjǫturs ‘fetter’
(not checked:)
fjǫturr (noun m.): fetter < hrammfjǫturr (noun m.): [arm-fetter]
[5] hrammfjǫturs: hrafnfjǫturs all others, ‘hraf[…] fiot[…]s’ Hb
kennings
Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs‘the Hlǫkk of the arm-fetter ’
= WOMAN
the arm-fetter → ARM-RING
the Hlǫkk of the ARM-RING → WOMAN
notes
[5] hrammfjǫturs ‘of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING]’: The first element of this cpd is almost certainly hrafn- in Hb. Assuming, however, that this forms part of a woman-kenning with Hlǫkk (l. 6), the cpd ‘raven-fetter’ would not be appropriate, so some eds (SnE 1848-87, III; Skald) have adopted the rare spelling variant hramm for hrafn (cf. Anon Leið 16/2VII and GSvert Hrafndr 7/3IV), understanding that the scribe has confused it here with the noun hramm- ‘arm’, and that has been followed here; cf. leggfjǫtrs ‘of the limb-fetter [ARM-RING]’ Hár Lv 1/5. — [5-6] hykk Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs þat hvǫttu ‘I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that’: Hvǫttu is past inf. of the verb hvetja ‘to whet, encourage’, hence lit. ‘to have encouraged’. The construction hykk ‘I think’ followed by an acc. with past inf. construction is uncommon, but not unprecedented; cf. NS §217b on the construction with verbs of thinking and NS §§220 and 221b on the use of the past. inf. generally.
[…]akk ‘’
Hlǫkk ‘’
(not checked:)
2. Hlǫkk (noun f.): Hlǫkk
hlakka ‘’
(not checked:)
hlakka (verb): [screams, exult]
hvǫttu ‘encouraged’
(not checked:)
hvetja (verb): incite, urge
notes
[5-6] hykk Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs þat hvǫttu ‘I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that’: Hvǫttu is past inf. of the verb hvetja ‘to whet, encourage’, hence lit. ‘to have encouraged’. The construction hykk ‘I think’ followed by an acc. with past inf. construction is uncommon, but not unprecedented; cf. NS §217b on the construction with verbs of thinking and NS §§220 and 221b on the use of the past. inf. generally.
fanka[…] ‘’
fannkat ‘’
(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet
Hlǫkk ‘the Hlǫkk’
(not checked:)
2. Hlǫkk (noun f.): Hlǫkk
[6] Hlǫkk (‘hlakk’): ‘[…]akk’ Hb, hlakka 67aˣ, Hlǫkk 67bˣ, 307ˣ, HbFms n. p., HbSnE, HbFJ
kennings
Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs‘the Hlǫkk of the arm-fetter ’
= WOMAN
the arm-fetter → ARM-RING
the Hlǫkk of the ARM-RING → WOMAN
notes
[5-6] hykk Hlǫkk hrammfjǫturs þat hvǫttu ‘I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that’: Hvǫttu is past inf. of the verb hvetja ‘to whet, encourage’, hence lit. ‘to have encouraged’. The construction hykk ‘I think’ followed by an acc. with past inf. construction is uncommon, but not unprecedented; cf. NS §217b on the construction with verbs of thinking and NS §§220 and 221b on the use of the past. inf. generally.
fannkat ‘I did not find’
(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet
[6] fannkat (‘fankað ek’): ‘fanka[…]’ Hb, fannkat 67aˣ, 67bˣ, HbFms n. p., HbSnE, HbFJ, om. 307ˣ
man ‘’
ke ‘’
bógar ‘’
í ‘into’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
[7] í barr‑: ‘ibar’ Hb, HbFJ, ‘man ke’ HbFms n. p., ‘[bóg]ar’ HbSnE
hjálpa ‘’
(not checked:)
1. hjalpa (verb): help
heill ‘’
(not checked:)
3. heill (adj.; °heilan; compar. heilli, superl. -astr/-str): healthy, hale, hail
barr ‘pine needle’
(not checked:)
1. barr (noun n.): barley < barrskelfir (noun m.)
[7] í barr‑: ‘ibar’ Hb, HbFJ, ‘man ke’ HbFms n. p., ‘[bóg]ar’ HbSnE
drengi ‘’
(not checked:)
drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior
skelfis ‘shaker’
(not checked:)
skelfir (noun m.): terrifier < barrskelfir (noun m.)skelfir (noun m.): terrifier
[7] ‑skelfis: heill hjálpa HbFms n. p., ‘ske[lf und]’ HbSnE
bjúg ‘’
(not checked:)
bjúgr (adj.; °compar. -ari): bent
[…] ‘’
bjúgs ‘’
(not checked:)
bjúgr (adj.; °compar. -ari): bent
þar ‘’
(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there
[…] ‘’
þá ‘’
(not checked:)
2. þá (adv.): then
bjúgs ‘of the bent’
(not checked:)
bjúgr (adj.; °compar. -ari): bent
[8] bjúgs þá raman smjúga: ‘[…]an s[…]uga’ Hb, ‘[…]g smjúga’ HbFms n. p., bjúg þar saman smjúga HbSnE, bjúgs þá raman smjúga HbFJ
saman ‘’
(not checked:)
saman (adv.): together
[…]an ‘’
raman ‘’
(not checked:)
rammr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): mighty
þá ‘then’
(not checked:)
2. þá (adv.): then
[8] bjúgs þá raman smjúga: ‘[…]an s[…]uga’ Hb, ‘[…]g smjúga’ HbFms n. p., bjúg þar saman smjúga HbSnE, bjúgs þá raman smjúga HbFJ
smjúga ‘’
(not checked:)
smjúga (verb): [pierced, creeping]
smjúga ‘’
(not checked:)
smjúga (verb): [pierced, creeping]
s[…]uga ‘’
smjúga ‘’
(not checked:)
smjúga (verb): [pierced, creeping]
raman ‘the strong’
(not checked:)
rammr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): mighty
[8] bjúgs þá raman smjúga: ‘[…]an s[…]uga’ Hb, ‘[…]g smjúga’ HbFms n. p., bjúg þar saman smjúga HbSnE, bjúgs þá raman smjúga HbFJ
smjúga ‘creeping’
(not checked:)
smjúga (verb): [pierced, creeping]
[8] bjúgs þá raman smjúga: ‘[…]an s[…]uga’ Hb, ‘[…]g smjúga’ HbFms n. p., bjúg þar saman smjúga HbSnE, bjúgs þá raman smjúga HbFJ
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Stóðu vér und víðum |
We [I] stood beneath the broad girdle of the branch of the wind, giant of the fire of mail-shirts [SWORD > WARRIOR]; how did the ‘belt’ trick me? I think the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of the arm-fetter [ARM-RING > WOMAN] encouraged that; I did not find the spirited woman creeping then into the strong hide of the bent pine needle shaker.
See Introduction.
On the use of printed eds in the Readings above, see Introduction. — The sense of the stanza is obscure. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) did not attempt an exact translation but paraphrased thus: Vi stod under det vide gærde; dér havde kvinden opfordret mig i smug; men jeg traf hende ikke ‘We stood beneath the broad fence; the woman had invited me there secretly; but I did not meet her’. — [1-2]: These lines are now largely invisible, but earlier eds were in broad agreement on their wording. It seems reasonable to assume that und víðum linda tjǫlgu vindar ‘beneath the broad girdle of the branch of the wind’ refers to the fence (a skíðgarðr ‘wooden paling fence’ in Ǫlv Lv 1/4 and the prose text of Skáld), presumably made of palings or withies, that prevented the skalds’ escape from the outdoor trap they had been led into. The precise syntactical combination of the words in l. 2 is unclear (vindartjǫlgu or tjǫlgu-linda, cf. NN §2210A), nor is it clear whether the phrase has the status of a kenning. If it has, it may be construed thus: und víðum linda tjǫlgu vindar ‘beneath the broad girdle of the branch of the wind [PALING > FENCE]’. — [7-8]: There are many uncertainties about the text of these lines and most of l. 8 is now illegible in the ms. There are also some significant differences in the readings of the various C19th eds. The reading of Hb 1892-6 seems reliable though its various notes should also be consulted. The syntax of the lines is also uncertain. Guðmundur Finnbogason (1928, 224) suggested emending ‘ibar’ to í barm, which could then agree with raman (m. acc. sg. of ramr ‘strong’) to mean ‘into my strong breast’, giving the sense ‘I did not find the spirited woman creeping into my strong embrace’. However, as Kock pointed out (NN §2210A) this requires alliteration to fall on the second element of the noun phrase skelfis bjalfa. He himself (Skald and NN §2210A) emended ‘ibar skelfis’ to í barrskelfis, interpreting this cpd as a noun barrskelfir ‘food (lit. barley)-shaker’, i.e. ‘person generous with food’, applying the cpd to the woman, even though the agent noun skelfir must be m. This conjecture is also unsatisfactory. The interpretation offered here, for which the present ed. is indebted to Kari Ellen Gade, is that barr- means ‘pine needle’ and that the cpd barrskelfis means ‘pine needle shaker’, a kenning-like phrase (or a kenning) for the wind, which is also mentioned in the first helmingr. The adj. bjúgr ‘bent’ then qualifies this cpd noun. This leaves í raman bjalfa ‘into the strong hide (animal-skin)’ as the place to which the rakka mey ‘spirited woman’ (l. 6) does not creep. Although the sense of this phrase is obscure, it could refer to the skíðgarðr ‘paling fence’ that separates the three skalds from the woman they all desire. Perhaps the skíðgarðr was composed of both wooden pales and leather thongs to bind them? Bjalfi is not a common noun, but it occurs in Þjóð Haustl 12/4III, where it forms part of a kenning for an eagle’s wings, flugbjalfi hauks ‘a hawk’s flight-skin’ (the eagle being the giant Þjazi) and in Arngr Gd 34/8IV, where it refers to a man’s leather garment, possibly a cap.
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