Arn Þorfdr 7^II

At ‘to the attack’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

lǫgðu ‘steered’

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leggja (verb): put, lay

skip ‘ships’

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skip (noun n.; °-s; -): ship

skatnar ‘Men’

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skati (noun m.; °-a; -nar): chieftan, prince

notes

[1] skatnar ‘men’: Since the remainder of the helmingr describes the shedding of Scottish blood it seems probable that the skatnar who steered ships into the attack (lǫgðu at) are the men of Orkney and that the troops who fell (fell) (l. 2) are the Scots.

skilit ‘decisively’

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1. skilja (verb): separate, understand

[2] skilit: ‘skilid’ R702ˣ

notes

[2] skilit ‘decisively’: The ms. form ‘skilit’ in 332ˣ and Flat is most likely to be n. nom./acc. sg. of the p. p. from skilja ‘separate, discern’. ‘Skilid’ in R702ˣ is ambiguous, since in the orthography of that ms. it could represent either -it or -ið. (a) Skilit is taken here as an adverbial use of the n. sg. p. p. of skilja. This usually has the sense ‘clearly, distinctly’ and occurs in phrases involving ‘distinct’ hearing or telling, e.g. Hfr ErfÓl 12/7^I skilit frá ek ‘I heard clearly’. The adj. skilinn, however, can be applied to human actions as well as words in the sense ‘astute, reasonable’ (see Fritzner: skilinn 2), and this supports the interpretation ‘decisively, unhesitatingly’ adopted here (so also Finnur Jónsson in Skj B and Finnbogi Guðmundsson in ÍF 34, 47 n.). (b) Skilið, if n. acc. pl. applied to skip ‘ships’ would mean ‘separate’, i.e. not linked together. But the writer of Orkn (ch. 20) certainly did not understand the words thus, for he states that both leaders tied their fleets together.

fell ‘slumped’

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falla (verb): fall

herr ‘troops’

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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host

á ‘to’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

þiljur ‘the decking’

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1. þilja (noun f.; °-u; -ur): planking, decking

svômu ‘swam’

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svima (verb): [swam]

jôrn ‘iron blades’

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járn (noun n.; °-s; -): iron, weapon

í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

ômu ‘the dark’

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ám (noun f.): [dark]

[3] ômu: aumu Flat, mu 48ˣmarg

óð ‘rage’

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1. óðr (noun m.): poem < óðharðr (adj.)

hǫrð ‘hard’

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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh < óðharðr (adj.)

[4] ‑hǫrð: borð Flat, horð 48ˣmarg

Skota ‘of Scots’

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Skotr (noun m.): Scot

blóði ‘blood’

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blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood

Stall ‘with terror’

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stallr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): seat, stall, support

notes

[5, 8] hjarta þengils drapa stall ‘the ruler’s heart was not struck with terror’: Drapa is 3rd sg. pret. indic. of drepa ‘strike’ with the suffixed negative -a. The idiom, which also appears c. 1000 in Eil Þdr 11/1, 4^III and in Arn Hryn 12/7-8 (and see Note), probably means ‘the heart stops beating’, with drepa stall meaning ‘stop, make halt’ (Halldór Halldórsson 1965, 38-64). See also Sturl Hákkv 38/1, 4.

drapa ‘was not struck’

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drepa (verb; °drepr; drap, drápu; drepinn): kill, strike

[5] drapa: drepa Flat, drapa 48ˣmarg

notes

[5, 8] hjarta þengils drapa stall ‘the ruler’s heart was not struck with terror’: Drapa is 3rd sg. pret. indic. of drepa ‘strike’ with the suffixed negative -a. The idiom, which also appears c. 1000 in Eil Þdr 11/1, 4^III and in Arn Hryn 12/7-8 (and see Note), probably means ‘the heart stops beating’, with drepa stall meaning ‘stop, make halt’ (Halldór Halldórsson 1965, 38-64). See also Sturl Hákkv 38/1, 4.

strengir ‘bow-strings’

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strengr (noun m.; °-jar; -ir): string, rope, bow-string

gullu ‘shrilled’

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gjalla (verb): to scream, shriek; to repay, return, pay for

stál ‘steel’

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1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow

beit ‘bit’

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bíta (verb; °bítr; beit, bitu; bitinn): bite

en ‘and’

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2. en (conj.): but, and

rann ‘flowed’

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2. renna (verb): run (strong)

sveiti ‘gore’

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sveiti (noun m.; °-a): blood

broddr ‘the spear-head’

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broddr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): point of spear or arrow

fló ‘flew’

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fljúga (verb): fly

bifðusk ‘quivered’

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2. bifa (verb; °-að-): shudder, tremble

oddar ‘sword-points’

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oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon

bjartir ‘shining’

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bjartr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright

þengils ‘The ruler’s’

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þengill (noun m.): prince, ruler

notes

[5, 8] hjarta þengils drapa stall ‘the ruler’s heart was not struck with terror’: Drapa is 3rd sg. pret. indic. of drepa ‘strike’ with the suffixed negative -a. The idiom, which also appears c. 1000 in Eil Þdr 11/1, 4^III and in Arn Hryn 12/7-8 (and see Note), probably means ‘the heart stops beating’, with drepa stall meaning ‘stop, make halt’ (Halldór Halldórsson 1965, 38-64). See also Sturl Hákkv 38/1, 4.

hjarta ‘heart’

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hjarta (noun n.; °-; *-u): heart

notes

[5, 8] hjarta þengils drapa stall ‘the ruler’s heart was not struck with terror’: Drapa is 3rd sg. pret. indic. of drepa ‘strike’ with the suffixed negative -a. The idiom, which also appears c. 1000 in Eil Þdr 11/1, 4^III and in Arn Hryn 12/7-8 (and see Note), probably means ‘the heart stops beating’, with drepa stall meaning ‘stop, make halt’ (Halldór Halldórsson 1965, 38-64). See also Sturl Hákkv 38/1, 4.