Arn Magndr 18II
Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, Magnússdrápa 18’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 227-8.
Enn ‘Further’
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
[1] Enn: Ek J2ˣ, Næst FskBˣ, FskAˣ, H, Hr, Flat
á ‘on’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
Fjóni ‘Fyn’
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Fjón (noun n.): [Fyn]
sótti ‘attacked’
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sœkja (verb): seek, attack
notes
[2] gramr ‘lord’: The nom. sg. variant, rather than acc. sg. gram as in Kˣ, is required by the syntax.
dróttar ‘the retinue’s’
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1. drótt (noun f.): troop
notes
[3] ráns ‘robbery’: The precise reference of rán is not clear from the st. nor from the prose accounts. Probably the Danes’ intention to deprive Magnús of rule (and hence of revenue) is meant.
galt ‘paid’
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1. gjalda (verb): pay, repay
herr ‘the people’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
hônum ‘him’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
hringserks ‘of the mail-shirt’
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hringserkr (noun m.): ring-shirt
kennings
lituðr hringserks‘the painter of the mail-shirt ’
= WARRIOR
the painter of the mail-shirt → WARRIOR
lituðr ‘the painter’
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lituðr (noun m.): colourer
[4] lituðr: so 39, F, E, J2ˣ, FskBˣ, H, Hr, Flat, litaðr Kˣ, FskAˣ
kennings
lituðr hringserks‘the painter of the mail-shirt ’
= WARRIOR
the painter of the mail-shirt → WARRIOR
merki ‘banners’
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1. merki (noun n.; °-s: -): banner, sign
Minnisk ‘recall’
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1. minna (verb): remind, remember, recall
[5] Minnisk: minntisk FskBˣ, minnti Flat
notes
[5] minnisk ‘let (men) recall’: Despite the obscurities of the helmingr, the words hverr herskyldir jafnþarfr hrafni ‘which troop-commander, equally generous to the raven’ (ll. 5, 6, 8) clearly make a claim about Magnús’s superior prowess. In such a comparison (ǫld) minnisk must be subj., ‘let men (see if they can) recall’, though formally the verb could be indic., ‘men recall/will recall’.
ǫld ‘men’
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ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age
kennings
hverr herskyldir‘which troop-commander ’
= RULER
which troop-commander → RULER
annan ‘second’
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1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second
[5] annan: so E, J2ˣ, Hr, annarr Kˣ, 39, F, FskBˣ, H, Flat
notes
[5, 8] fylldi annan tøg ‘lived out his second decade’: Lit. ‘completed (his) second ten’. (a) The reading adopted here, as also in Skj B, is based on annan, which is the lectio difficilior since unlike the variant annarr it does not go with the immediately preceding hverr ‘who, which’. It is supported by the words following the st. in Flat and Fsk (see Context above), which would seem to reflect a traditional explanation that the st. referred to Magnús reaching his twentieth year, although the text as it stands in Flat and Fsk cannot yield that meaning since it has the variant annarr rather than annan. The ‘twenty’ could be battles, but this is not specified, and it seems more likely that the idiom is akin to fylla lífsdaga sína ‘complete the days of one’s life’. Hence the sense is that no other warrior so young had been jafnþarfr blum hrafni ‘equally generous to the dark raven’, i.e. had served the raven so well by making carrion of so many of his foes. The construction is comparable to that in st. 19. (b) The reading annarr has the stronger ms. authority, and is favoured by Kock in Skald. If it were adopted, the construction would be minnisk ǫld, hverr annarr herskyldir, jafnþarfr blum hrafni, fylldi tøg ‘let men recall which other troop-commander has, equally generous to the dark raven, completed ten’. The ‘ten’ would presumably be ten battles, though nothing in the context indicates this, and it is difficult to see why the concordant hverr annarr would have been corrupted to hverr annan.
jafn ‘equally’
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jafn (adj.; °comp. -ari, superl. -astr): even, just < jafnþarfr (adj.)
þarfr ‘ generous’
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þarfr (adj.): necessary, useful < jafnþarfr (adj.)
[6] ‑þarfr: þarf FskBˣ, ‘þrafn’ Flat
blôum ‘to the dark’
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blár (adj.): black
hrafni ‘raven’
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hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
ert ‘with a spirited’
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err (adj.): spirited, bold
[7] ert: ǫrt F, E, J2ˣ, H, Hr, Flat, snart FskBˣ
notes
[7] ert ‘spirited’: (a) The spelling ert occurs again in the text of Arn Hardr 15/5 in mss Mork, H and Hr (with the variant ‘aurtt’, normalised ǫrt, in Flat), but not in any of the very numerous citations listed under ǫrr in LP. The prose lexicons, too, completely lack any record of an adj. err, although the similar forms ern and errinn are known, both meaning ‘brisk, bold’. Err could perhaps be an independent form which, like them, has a different etymology to ǫrr (see AEW on these words), but which has escaped the lexicographers’ notice because it has been ‘normalised’ to ǫrr. (b) The variant ‘avrt’ is n. sg. nom./acc. of the familiar adj. ǫrr ‘ready, bold, generous’, and the collocation with ‘heart’ is matched in Þorm Lv 23a/1V = Lv 23b/1I Ǫrt vas leifs hjarta ‘Bold was Óláfr’s heart’. Ert could simply be a graphic variant of this since <e/ø> and <ø/ǫ> are common doublets, and noun err occurs as a variant of ørr ‘scar’ (Fritzner IV: err).
gat ‘was endowed’
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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love
hilmir ‘the sovereign’
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
hjarta ‘heart’
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hjarta (noun n.; °-; *-u): heart
her ‘troop’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herskyldir (noun m.)
kennings
hverr herskyldir‘which troop-commander ’
= RULER
which troop-commander → RULER
skyldir ‘commander’
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skyldir (noun m.): commander < herskyldir (noun m.)
[8] ‑skyldir: ‑skyldi Hr
kennings
hverr herskyldir‘which troop-commander ’
= RULER
which troop-commander → RULER
tøg ‘decade’
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tigr (noun m.; °-ar/-s(DN II (1309) 80¹², etc.); -ir, acc. -u): a ten of, a decade; a ten of, a decade
[8] tøg: tók J2ˣ, taugr Hr
notes
[5, 8] fylldi annan tøg ‘lived out his second decade’: Lit. ‘completed (his) second ten’. (a) The reading adopted here, as also in Skj B, is based on annan, which is the lectio difficilior since unlike the variant annarr it does not go with the immediately preceding hverr ‘who, which’. It is supported by the words following the st. in Flat and Fsk (see Context above), which would seem to reflect a traditional explanation that the st. referred to Magnús reaching his twentieth year, although the text as it stands in Flat and Fsk cannot yield that meaning since it has the variant annarr rather than annan. The ‘twenty’ could be battles, but this is not specified, and it seems more likely that the idiom is akin to fylla lífsdaga sína ‘complete the days of one’s life’. Hence the sense is that no other warrior so young had been jafnþarfr blum hrafni ‘equally generous to the dark raven’, i.e. had served the raven so well by making carrion of so many of his foes. The construction is comparable to that in st. 19. (b) The reading annarr has the stronger ms. authority, and is favoured by Kock in Skald. If it were adopted, the construction would be minnisk ǫld, hverr annarr herskyldir, jafnþarfr blum hrafni, fylldi tøg ‘let men recall which other troop-commander has, equally generous to the dark raven, completed ten’. The ‘ten’ would presumably be ten battles, though nothing in the context indicates this, and it is difficult to see why the concordant hverr annarr would have been corrupted to hverr annan.
fylldi ‘has lived out’
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fylla (verb): fill
notes
[5, 8] fylldi annan tøg ‘lived out his second decade’: Lit. ‘completed (his) second ten’. (a) The reading adopted here, as also in Skj B, is based on annan, which is the lectio difficilior since unlike the variant annarr it does not go with the immediately preceding hverr ‘who, which’. It is supported by the words following the st. in Flat and Fsk (see Context above), which would seem to reflect a traditional explanation that the st. referred to Magnús reaching his twentieth year, although the text as it stands in Flat and Fsk cannot yield that meaning since it has the variant annarr rather than annan. The ‘twenty’ could be battles, but this is not specified, and it seems more likely that the idiom is akin to fylla lífsdaga sína ‘complete the days of one’s life’. Hence the sense is that no other warrior so young had been jafnþarfr blum hrafni ‘equally generous to the dark raven’, i.e. had served the raven so well by making carrion of so many of his foes. The construction is comparable to that in st. 19. (b) The reading annarr has the stronger ms. authority, and is favoured by Kock in Skald. If it were adopted, the construction would be minnisk ǫld, hverr annarr herskyldir, jafnþarfr blum hrafni, fylldi tøg ‘let men recall which other troop-commander has, equally generous to the dark raven, completed ten’. The ‘ten’ would presumably be ten battles, though nothing in the context indicates this, and it is difficult to see why the concordant hverr annarr would have been corrupted to hverr annan.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Further, the painter of the mail-shirt [WARRIOR] reddened bright banners on Fyn; the retinue’s lord attacked the land; the people paid [dearly] for their robbery of him. Let men recall which troop-commander [RULER] has lived out his second decade equally generous to the dark raven; the sovereign was endowed with a spirited heart.
The prose link-passages merely paraphrase and briefly introduce the st. Flat and Fsk follow the quotation with a remark that the st. refers to Magnús reaching twenty years of age.
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