Arn Hardr 3II
Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, Haraldsdrápa 3’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 263-4.
Hrauð ‘cleared’
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1. hrjóða (verb): clear, destroy
sás ‘who’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
hvergi ‘nowhere’
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1. hvergi (adv.): nowhere
flýði ‘fled’
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flýja (verb): to flee, take flight
heið ‘The bright’
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2. heið (noun n.; °; -): clear sky < heiðmærr (adj.)
notes
[2] heiðmærr ‘bright-renowned’: The spelling ‘mę́iʀ’ in Mork must be a corruption of mærr in H, Hr, while Flat’s mildr ‘mild, generous’ is probably secondary. Heið- is here equated with the adj. heiðr ‘clear, bright, radiant’ or the related noun heið f. ‘brightness of the sky’; cf. the figurative heiðr orðrómr ‘radiant reputation’ (SnSt Ht 14/1, 8III). Heiðr m. ‘honour, glory’ is also possible, but would be tautological in this cpd. The first element could alternatively be heið f. ‘gift, reward, pay’ as in heiðmaðr, heiðþegi, of men in a ruler’s pay, hence heiðmærr ‘renowned for bounty’.
mærr ‘renowned’
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2. mærr (adj.): famous < heiðmærr (adj.)
[2] ‑mærr (‘mær’): so H, Hr, ‘mę́irr’ Mork, mildr Flat
notes
[2] heiðmærr ‘bright-renowned’: The spelling ‘mę́iʀ’ in Mork must be a corruption of mærr in H, Hr, while Flat’s mildr ‘mild, generous’ is probably secondary. Heið- is here equated with the adj. heiðr ‘clear, bright, radiant’ or the related noun heið f. ‘brightness of the sky’; cf. the figurative heiðr orðrómr ‘radiant reputation’ (SnSt Ht 14/1, 8III). Heiðr m. ‘honour, glory’ is also possible, but would be tautological in this cpd. The first element could alternatively be heið f. ‘gift, reward, pay’ as in heiðmaðr, heiðþegi, of men in a ruler’s pay, hence heiðmærr ‘renowned for bounty’.
Dana ‘of the Danes’
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Danr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): Dane
skeiðir ‘the warships’
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1. skeið (noun f.; °-ar; -r/-ar/-ir): ship
[2] skeiðir: skeiðar Flat
glaðr ‘glad’
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2. glaðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cheerful, glad
und ‘under’
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3. und (prep.): under, underneath
[3] und: so H, Hr, und und Mork, með Flat
roðnum ‘reddened’
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rjóða (verb): to redden
geir ‘spear’
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geirr (noun m.): spear < geirjalmr (noun m.): [spear-clangour]
kennings
geirjalm,‘spear-clangour, ’
= BATTLE
spear-clangour, → BATTLE
jalm ‘clangour’
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jalmr (noun m.): screech, noise < geirjalmr (noun m.): [spear-clangour]
kennings
geirjalm,‘spear-clangour, ’
= BATTLE
spear-clangour, → BATTLE
konungr ‘king’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
hjalmi ‘helmet’
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1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet
[4] hjalmi: hjalm Flat, hjalma Hr
Skjald ‘The shield’
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skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield < skjaldborg (noun f.): shield-wall
[5] Skjald‑: so H, Hr, skald‑ Mork, skjall‑ Flat
borg ‘wall’
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borg (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -; -ir): city, stronghold < skjaldborg (noun f.): shield-wall
en ‘and’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
notes
[5] skúfar ‘swords’: Skúfr, in the sense ‘sword’, otherwise only occurs in Þul Sverða 2/1III (mss ‘stvfr’ and ‘skofr’), where the entry could well derive from Arnórr’s verse. Skúfr may originally have meant ‘sword with a tassel at the hilt’, since the same form is recorded in prose with the sense ‘tassel, tuft’ (Falk 1914, 60; Alexander Jóhannesson 1951-6, 821).
hodd ‘the hoard’
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1. hodd (noun f.): gold, treasure < hoddglǫtuðr (noun m.): [hoard-destroyer]
[6] hoddglǫtuðr: ‘haudd glautundr’ Flat, hodd hrǫðuðr Hr
kennings
hoddglǫtuðr,‘the hoard-destroyer, ’
= GENEROUS RULER
the hoard-destroyer, → GENEROUS RULER
glǫtuðr ‘destroyer’
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glǫtuðr (noun m.): destroyer < hoddglǫtuðr (noun m.): [hoard-destroyer]
[6] hoddglǫtuðr: ‘haudd glautundr’ Flat, hodd hrǫðuðr Hr
kennings
hoddglǫtuðr,‘the hoard-destroyer, ’
= GENEROUS RULER
the hoard-destroyer, → GENEROUS RULER
oddum ‘spear-points’
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oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon
[6] oddum: broddum H, Hr
bragna ‘of warriors’
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bragnar (noun m.): men, warriors
brynjur ‘the mail-coats’
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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat
[7] brynjur: ‘brynir’ Flat
gǫgnum ‘through’
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gegnum (prep.): through
buðlungr ‘the monarch’
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buðlungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, prince
[8] buðlungr: buðlung Flat
notes
[8] buðlungr ‘the monarch’: (a) This nom. sg. form is taken above in apposition to hoddglǫtuðr ‘hoard-destroyer’, as subject to the verb skaut ‘shot’ (l. 7). (b) The Flat variant buðlung does not make sense in the context. (c) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B emended to gen. sg. buðlungs, which he took with skjaldborg (l. 5), hence ‘the prince’s shield-wall’; Kock (NN §838) preferred skúfar buðlungs ‘the prince’s swords’.
of ‘over’
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
ná ‘corpses’
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nár (noun m.; °-s; -ir): corpse
sungu ‘sang out’
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syngja (verb): sing
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Hrauð, sás hvergi flýði, |
The bright-renowned king, who nowhere fled spear-clangour [BATTLE], cleared, glad under gold-reddened helmet, the warships of the Danes. The shield-wall shattered, and swords sang out over corpses; the hoard-destroyer [GENEROUS RULER], the monarch, shot spear-points through the mail-coats of warriors.
In Mork and Flat, the st. follows immediately upon st. 2. In H-Hr, the brief statement is interjected, that Sveinn’s ship was so thoroughly cleared that all its crew were dead but for those who had leapt into the sea or onto smaller ships.
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