Anon (TGT) 19III
Tarrin Wills (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Lausavísur, Stanzas from the Third Grammatical Treatise 19’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 550.
Haldi ‘support’
(not checked:)
halda (verb): hold, keep
hring ‘the ring’
(not checked:)
1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringtǫpuðr (noun m.)
kennings
hringtǫpuð.‘the ring-destroyer.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the ring-destroyer. → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[1] hringtǫpuð ‘the ring-destroyer [GENEROUS MAN]’: Adopting W’s reading of nom. hringtǫpuðr, SnE 1848-87 construes Hringtǫpuðr haldi! Stýrir himinríkis hæfi ok varðveiti, styrki ok staðfesti ‘May the ring-destroyer [GENEROUS MAN] protect! May the controller of the kingdom of heaven [= God] raise and preserve, strengthen and confirm’, which leaves both sentences without an object.
tǫpuð ‘destroyer’
(not checked:)
tǫpuðr (noun m.): destroyer < hringtǫpuðr (noun m.)
[1] ‑tǫpuð: ‑tǫpuðr W
kennings
hringtǫpuð.‘the ring-destroyer.’
= GENEROUS MAN
the ring-destroyer. → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[1] hringtǫpuð ‘the ring-destroyer [GENEROUS MAN]’: Adopting W’s reading of nom. hringtǫpuðr, SnE 1848-87 construes Hringtǫpuðr haldi! Stýrir himinríkis hæfi ok varðveiti, styrki ok staðfesti ‘May the ring-destroyer [GENEROUS MAN] protect! May the controller of the kingdom of heaven [= God] raise and preserve, strengthen and confirm’, which leaves both sentences without an object.
hefi ‘raise’
(not checked:)
hefja (verb): lift, start
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
varðveiti ‘preserve’
(not checked:)
varðveita (verb): [preserve]
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
staðfesti ‘confirm’
(not checked:)
3. staðfesta (verb): confirm
stýrir ‘the controller’
(not checked:)
stýrir (noun m.): ruler, controller
kennings
Stýrir himinríkis‘May the controller of the kingdom of heaven ’
= God
May the controller of the kingdom of heaven → God
himin ‘of heaven’
(not checked:)
himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky < himinríki (noun n.): Heaven
[4] himinríkis: so W, ‘himirikis’ A
kennings
Stýrir himinríkis‘May the controller of the kingdom of heaven ’
= God
May the controller of the kingdom of heaven → God
ríkis ‘of the kingdom’
(not checked:)
ríki (noun n.; °-s; -): kingdom, power < himinríki (noun n.): Heaven
[4] himinríkis: so W, ‘himirikis’ A
kennings
Stýrir himinríkis‘May the controller of the kingdom of heaven ’
= God
May the controller of the kingdom of heaven → God
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Cited as an example of hypozeuxis (‘ypozeusis’), i.e. the use of many verbs with a single subject (TGT 1927, 67): Ypozeusis gefr mǫrg orð einni persónu ‘Hypozeuxis connects many verbs with one person [subject]’.
Hypozeuxis is illustrated here by the use of one subject (stýrir himinrikis ‘controller of the kingdom of heaven’) with multiple verbs (haldi ‘support’, hefi ‘raise’, etc.). — The second of three málaháttr stanzas about a ruler (the others being st. 18 and Ólhv Frag 6), here identifiable as a Christian one. Unlike Anon (TGT) 18 and Ólhv Frag 6, this fragment appears to be in the form of a prayer.
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