Hfr Óldr 5I
Diana Whaley (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Óláfsdrápa 5’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 397.
gerði ‘’
(not checked:)
1. gera (verb): do, make
við ‘against’
(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against
notes
[1, 2] bægja við Engla ‘contend against the English’: Dative would normally be expected with bægja við ‘push, (re)move, hinder’, and Finnur Jónsson emends to Englum in Skj B, but acc. pl. Engla is the reading of all mss, and acc. is supported by the common bægjask við ‘contend against’ + acc.
Engla ‘the English’
(not checked:)
Englar (noun m.): English people
notes
[1, 2] bægja við Engla ‘contend against the English’: Dative would normally be expected with bægja við ‘push, (re)move, hinder’, and Finnur Jónsson emends to Englum in Skj B, but acc. pl. Engla is the reading of all mss, and acc. is supported by the common bægjask við ‘contend against’ + acc.
óvægr ‘’
(not checked:)
óvægr (adj.)
óvæginn ‘’
(not checked:)
óvæginn (adj./verb p.p.): [unsparing]
væggr ‘’
ofvægr ‘overwhelming’
(not checked:)
ofvægr (adj.): invincible, overwhelming
[2] ofvægr: óvæginn 53, óvægr Bb, ‘of væggr’ or ‘of væghr’ FskAˣ
konungr ‘king’
(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
bæggja ‘’
(not checked:)
báðir (pron.; °gen. beggja (báðra), nom./acc. n. bǽði): both
notes
[1, 2] bægja við Engla ‘contend against the English’: Dative would normally be expected with bægja við ‘push, (re)move, hinder’, and Finnur Jónsson emends to Englum in Skj B, but acc. pl. Engla is the reading of all mss, and acc. is supported by the common bægjask við ‘contend against’ + acc.
nadd ‘of the missile’
kennings
sá nœrir naddskúrar‘that nourisher of the missile-shower ’
= WARRIOR
the missile-shower → BATTLE
that nourisher of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
nadd ‘of the missile’
kennings
sá nœrir naddskúrar‘that nourisher of the missile-shower ’
= WARRIOR
the missile-shower → BATTLE
that nourisher of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
skar ‘’
(not checked:)
skar (noun n.): °ufred < naddskar (noun n.): [point-shower]
skarr ‘’
(not checked:)
skarr (noun n.): °ufred, optøjer
skúrar ‘shower’
(not checked:)
1. skúr (noun f.; °; -ir): shower < naddskúr (noun f.): [point-shower]
[3] ‑skúrar réð nœrir: ‘skar rei[...]ęr’ 62, ‘skarr hlod nærre’ Flat
kennings
sá nœrir naddskúrar‘that nourisher of the missile-shower ’
= WARRIOR
the missile-shower → BATTLE
that nourisher of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
skúrar ‘shower’
(not checked:)
1. skúr (noun f.; °; -ir): shower < naddskúr (noun f.): [point-shower]
[3] ‑skúrar réð nœrir: ‘skar rei[...]ęr’ 62, ‘skarr hlod nærre’ Flat
kennings
sá nœrir naddskúrar‘that nourisher of the missile-shower ’
= WARRIOR
the missile-shower → BATTLE
that nourisher of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
hloð ‘’
(not checked:)
hlað (noun n.; °-s; *-): headband
réð ‘determined’
(not checked:)
ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
[3] ‑skúrar réð nœrir: ‘skar rei[...]ęr’ 62, ‘skarr hlod nærre’ Flat
nærri ‘’
(not checked:)
næri (adv.): near
nœrir ‘nourisher’
(not checked:)
nœrir (noun m.): nourisher
[3] ‑skúrar réð nœrir: ‘skar rei[...]ęr’ 62, ‘skarr hlod nærre’ Flat
kennings
sá nœrir naddskúrar‘that nourisher of the missile-shower ’
= WARRIOR
the missile-shower → BATTLE
that nourisher of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
Norðimbra ‘of the Northumbrians’
(not checked:)
norðymbri (noun m.): [Northumbrians]
þar ‘’
(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there
sá ‘that’
[4] sá: því J1ˣ, 61, 53, 54, Bb, 62, 310, þar Flat
kennings
sá nœrir naddskúrar‘that nourisher of the missile-shower ’
= WARRIOR
the missile-shower → BATTLE
that nourisher of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[4] sá ‘that’: The m. nom. sg. demonstrative article is retained here. It is detached from the rest of the noun phrase, naddskúrar nœrir ‘nourisher of the missile-shower [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’, which makes it the lectio difficilior. The variant n. dat. sg. því could have been altered from sá to match the immediately following morði ‘killing’.
timbri ‘’
(not checked:)
timbr (noun n.; °-s; gen. -a): [timber]
mundi ‘’
(not checked:)
1. muna (verb): remember
morði ‘the killing’
(not checked:)
1. morð (noun n.; °-s; -): killing, battle
[4] morði: mundi 62, timbri Flat
Barði ‘beat’
(not checked:)
2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
brazkrar ‘’
breskar ‘’
(not checked:)
brezkr (adj.): British
brezkrar ‘of the British’
(not checked:)
brezkr (adj.): British
[5] brezkrar: ‘breskar’ 39, Bb, ‘brazkrar’ FskAˣ
notes
[5, 8] brezkrar jarðar … kumrskar þjóðir ‘of the British land … the Cumbric peoples’: Both terms are somewhat elusive, but typically refer to the Celtic, Brittonic-speaking peoples of Strathclyde (now south-west Scotland), Cumbria (north-west England) and Wales; see Poole 1987, 292-8 for a review of the usage of Bretar/brezkr in Old Norse sources. The identification of the peoples mentioned here is not helped by the uncertainty over the ordering of the stanzas (see Introduction).
jarðir ‘’
(not checked:)
jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
jarðar ‘land’
(not checked:)
jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
[5] jarðar: jarðir 39
notes
[5, 8] brezkrar jarðar … kumrskar þjóðir ‘of the British land … the Cumbric peoples’: Both terms are somewhat elusive, but typically refer to the Celtic, Brittonic-speaking peoples of Strathclyde (now south-west Scotland), Cumbria (north-west England) and Wales; see Poole 1987, 292-8 for a review of the usage of Bretar/brezkr in Old Norse sources. The identification of the peoples mentioned here is not helped by the uncertainty over the ordering of the stanzas (see Introduction).
byggvendr ‘the inhabitants’
(not checked:)
byggjandi (noun m.; °-a; byggendr): [inhabitants]
er ‘’
(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when
enn ‘’
(not checked:)
2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
ok ‘’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
en ‘and’
(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and
[6] en: so 39, J1ˣ, 310, ok Kˣ, 61, enn F, FskBˣ, FskAˣ, er 53, 54, Bb
hjó ‘cut down’
(not checked:)
hǫggva (verb): to strike, put to death, cut, hew
tyggi ‘The prince’
(not checked:)
tyggi (noun m.): prince, sovereign
grôðr ‘hunger’
(not checked:)
gráðr (noun m.; °dat. -): greed, hunger
hjó ‘’
(not checked:)
hǫggva (verb): to strike, put to death, cut, hew
geira ‘of spears’
(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear
kennings
gjóði hríðar geira.‘for the osprey of the storm of spears.’
= RAVEN/EAGLE
the storm of spears. → BATTLE
for the osprey of the BATTLE → RAVEN/EAGLE
geira ‘of spears’
(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear
kennings
gjóði hríðar geira.‘for the osprey of the storm of spears.’
= RAVEN/EAGLE
the storm of spears. → BATTLE
for the osprey of the BATTLE → RAVEN/EAGLE
hríðar ‘of the storm’
(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm
kennings
gjóði hríðar geira.‘for the osprey of the storm of spears.’
= RAVEN/EAGLE
the storm of spears. → BATTLE
for the osprey of the BATTLE → RAVEN/EAGLE
hríðar ‘of the storm’
(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm
kennings
gjóði hríðar geira.‘for the osprey of the storm of spears.’
= RAVEN/EAGLE
the storm of spears. → BATTLE
for the osprey of the BATTLE → RAVEN/EAGLE
gjóðs ‘’
(not checked:)
gjóðr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): osprey
kennings
gjóði hríðar geira.‘for the osprey of the storm of spears.’
= RAVEN/EAGLE
the storm of spears. → BATTLE
for the osprey of the BATTLE → RAVEN/EAGLE
lumbærskar ‘’
vaskar ‘’
valskar ‘’
(not checked:)
valskr (adj.): foreign, French
kyrmskrar ‘’
kumskrar ‘’
kumrskar ‘the Cumbric’
(not checked:)
kumrskr (adj.): [Cumbric]
[8] kumrskar: ‘kvmskrar’ F, ‘kyrmskrar’ J1ˣ, valskar 61, 53, vaskar 54, Bb, ‘lumbærskar’ FskBˣ
notes
[5, 8] brezkrar jarðar … kumrskar þjóðir ‘of the British land … the Cumbric peoples’: Both terms are somewhat elusive, but typically refer to the Celtic, Brittonic-speaking peoples of Strathclyde (now south-west Scotland), Cumbria (north-west England) and Wales; see Poole 1987, 292-8 for a review of the usage of Bretar/brezkr in Old Norse sources. The identification of the peoples mentioned here is not helped by the uncertainty over the ordering of the stanzas (see Introduction).
þjóðar ‘’
(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
þjóðir ‘peoples’
(not checked:)
þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
[8] þjóðir: þjóðar F, J1ˣ
notes
[5, 8] brezkrar jarðar … kumrskar þjóðir ‘of the British land … the Cumbric peoples’: Both terms are somewhat elusive, but typically refer to the Celtic, Brittonic-speaking peoples of Strathclyde (now south-west Scotland), Cumbria (north-west England) and Wales; see Poole 1987, 292-8 for a review of the usage of Bretar/brezkr in Old Norse sources. The identification of the peoples mentioned here is not helped by the uncertainty over the ordering of the stanzas (see Introduction).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Gerðisk ungr við Engla |
The young, overwhelming king proceeded to contend against the English; that nourisher of the missile-shower [BATTLE > WARRIOR] determined the killing of the Northumbrians. The prince beat the inhabitants of the British land and cut down the Cumbric peoples; hunger diminished for the osprey of the storm of spears [BATTLE > RAVEN/EAGLE].
See Introduction.
The pairing of helmingar follows Fsk and ms. 310; see Introduction. In Hkr and ÓT, st. 5/1-4 (beginning Gerðisk) + st. 6/7-8 (Eyddi), 5-6 (Gerði) form a stanza, and st. 6/1-4 (Ýdrógar) + st. 5/5-8 (Barði) form a stanza.
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