Diana Whaley (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Óláfsdrápa 5’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 397.
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1. gera (verb): do, make
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2. við (prep.): with, against
[1, 2] bægja við Engla ‘contend against the English’: Dative would normally be expected with bægja við ‘push, (re)move, hinder’, and Finnur Jónsson emends to Englum in Skj B, but acc. pl. Engla is the reading of all mss, and acc. is supported by the common bægjask við ‘contend against’ + acc.
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Englar (noun m.): English people
[1, 2] bægja við Engla ‘contend against the English’: Dative would normally be expected with bægja við ‘push, (re)move, hinder’, and Finnur Jónsson emends to Englum in Skj B, but acc. pl. Engla is the reading of all mss, and acc. is supported by the common bægjask við ‘contend against’ + acc.
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óvægr (adj.)
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óvæginn (adj./verb p.p.): [unsparing]
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ofvægr (adj.): invincible, overwhelming
[2] ofvægr: óvæginn 53, óvægr Bb, ‘of væggr’ or ‘of væghr’ FskAˣ
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
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báðir (pron.; °gen. beggja (báðra), nom./acc. n. bǽði): both
[1, 2] bægja við Engla ‘contend against the English’: Dative would normally be expected with bægja við ‘push, (re)move, hinder’, and Finnur Jónsson emends to Englum in Skj B, but acc. pl. Engla is the reading of all mss, and acc. is supported by the common bægjask við ‘contend against’ + acc.
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skar (noun n.): °ufred < naddskar (noun n.): [point-shower]
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skarr (noun n.): °ufred, optøjer
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1. skúr (noun f.; °; -ir): shower < naddskúr (noun f.): [point-shower]
[3] ‑skúrar réð nœrir: ‘skar rei[...]ęr’ 62, ‘skarr hlod nærre’ Flat
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1. skúr (noun f.; °; -ir): shower < naddskúr (noun f.): [point-shower]
[3] ‑skúrar réð nœrir: ‘skar rei[...]ęr’ 62, ‘skarr hlod nærre’ Flat
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hlað (noun n.; °-s; *-): headband
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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
[3] ‑skúrar réð nœrir: ‘skar rei[...]ęr’ 62, ‘skarr hlod nærre’ Flat
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næri (adv.): near
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nœrir (noun m.): nourisher
[3] ‑skúrar réð nœrir: ‘skar rei[...]ęr’ 62, ‘skarr hlod nærre’ Flat
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norðymbri (noun m.): [Northumbrians]
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þar (adv.): there
[4] sá: því J1ˣ, 61, 53, 54, Bb, 62, 310, þar Flat
[4] sá ‘that’: The m. nom. sg. demonstrative article is retained here. It is detached from the rest of the noun phrase, naddskúrar nœrir ‘nourisher of the missile-shower [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’, which makes it the lectio difficilior. The variant n. dat. sg. því could have been altered from sá to match the immediately following morði ‘killing’.
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timbr (noun n.; °-s; gen. -a): [timber]
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1. muna (verb): remember
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1. morð (noun n.; °-s; -): killing, battle
[4] morði: mundi 62, timbri Flat
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2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
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brezkr (adj.): British
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brezkr (adj.): British
[5] brezkrar: ‘breskar’ 39, Bb, ‘brazkrar’ FskAˣ
[5, 8] brezkrar jarðar … kumrskar þjóðir ‘of the British land … the Cumbric peoples’: Both terms are somewhat elusive, but typically refer to the Celtic, Brittonic-speaking peoples of Strathclyde (now south-west Scotland), Cumbria (north-west England) and Wales; see Poole 1987, 292-8 for a review of the usage of Bretar/brezkr in Old Norse sources. The identification of the peoples mentioned here is not helped by the uncertainty over the ordering of the stanzas (see Introduction).
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jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
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jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
[5] jarðar: jarðir 39
[5, 8] brezkrar jarðar … kumrskar þjóðir ‘of the British land … the Cumbric peoples’: Both terms are somewhat elusive, but typically refer to the Celtic, Brittonic-speaking peoples of Strathclyde (now south-west Scotland), Cumbria (north-west England) and Wales; see Poole 1987, 292-8 for a review of the usage of Bretar/brezkr in Old Norse sources. The identification of the peoples mentioned here is not helped by the uncertainty over the ordering of the stanzas (see Introduction).
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byggjandi (noun m.; °-a; byggendr): [inhabitants]
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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2. en (conj.): but, and
[6] en: so 39, J1ˣ, 310, ok Kˣ, 61, enn F, FskBˣ, FskAˣ, er 53, 54, Bb
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hǫggva (verb): to strike, put to death, cut, hew
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tyggi (noun m.): prince, sovereign
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gráðr (noun m.; °dat. -): greed, hunger
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hǫggva (verb): to strike, put to death, cut, hew
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geirr (noun m.): spear
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geirr (noun m.): spear
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hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm
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hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm
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gjóðr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): osprey
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valskr (adj.): foreign, French
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kumrskr (adj.): [Cumbric]
[8] kumrskar: ‘kvmskrar’ F, ‘kyrmskrar’ J1ˣ, valskar 61, 53, vaskar 54, Bb, ‘lumbærskar’ FskBˣ
[5, 8] brezkrar jarðar … kumrskar þjóðir ‘of the British land … the Cumbric peoples’: Both terms are somewhat elusive, but typically refer to the Celtic, Brittonic-speaking peoples of Strathclyde (now south-west Scotland), Cumbria (north-west England) and Wales; see Poole 1987, 292-8 for a review of the usage of Bretar/brezkr in Old Norse sources. The identification of the peoples mentioned here is not helped by the uncertainty over the ordering of the stanzas (see Introduction).
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
[8] þjóðir: þjóðar F, J1ˣ
[5, 8] brezkrar jarðar … kumrskar þjóðir ‘of the British land … the Cumbric peoples’: Both terms are somewhat elusive, but typically refer to the Celtic, Brittonic-speaking peoples of Strathclyde (now south-west Scotland), Cumbria (north-west England) and Wales; see Poole 1987, 292-8 for a review of the usage of Bretar/brezkr in Old Norse sources. The identification of the peoples mentioned here is not helped by the uncertainty over the ordering of the stanzas (see Introduction).
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Gerðisk ungr við Engla |
The young, overwhelming king proceeded to contend against the English; that nourisher of the missile-shower [BATTLE > WARRIOR] determined the killing of the Northumbrians. The prince beat the inhabitants of the British land and cut down the Cumbric peoples; hunger diminished for the osprey of the storm of spears [BATTLE > RAVEN/EAGLE].
See Introduction.
The pairing of helmingar follows Fsk and ms. 310; see Introduction. In Hkr and ÓT, st. 5/1-4 (beginning Gerðisk) + st. 6/7-8 (Eyddi), 5-6 (Gerði) form a stanza, and st. 6/1-4 (Ýdrógar) + st. 5/5-8 (Barði) form a stanza.
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