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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon Heildr 17^VII

Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Heilags anda drápa 17’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 466-7.

Anonymous Poems Heilags anda drápa

Vegr ‘Glory’

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2. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -): honour

sé ‘be’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

feðr ‘to the Father’

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faðir (noun m.): father

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

fögrum ‘to the beautiful’

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fagr (adj.; °fagran; compar. fegri, superl. fegrstr): fair, beautiful

kennings

fögrum óskmegi dróttins;
‘to the beautiful beloved Son of the Lord; may ’
= Christ
to the beautiful beloved Son of the Lord; may → Christ

fljótt ‘swiftly’

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2. fljótr (adj.): quick

ósk ‘beloved’

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ósk (noun f.; °-ar; dat. -um): wish, desire < óskmǫgr (noun m.)

kennings

fögrum óskmegi dróttins;
‘to the beautiful beloved Son of the Lord; may ’
= Christ
to the beautiful beloved Son of the Lord; may → Christ

megi ‘Son’

(not checked:)
mǫgr (noun m.; °; megir, acc. mǫgu): son, boy < óskmǫgr (noun m.)

kennings

fögrum óskmegi dróttins;
‘to the beautiful beloved Son of the Lord; may ’
= Christ
to the beautiful beloved Son of the Lord; may → Christ

dróttins ‘of the Lord’

(not checked:)
dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master

kennings

fögrum óskmegi dróttins;
‘to the beautiful beloved Son of the Lord; may ’
= Christ
to the beautiful beloved Son of the Lord; may → Christ

lofi ‘praise’

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lofa (verb): praise, permit

huggara ‘comforter’

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huggari (noun m.; °-a): comforter

notes

[3] hygginn huggara ‘the thoughtful comforter’: That is, the Paraclete.

hygginn ‘the thoughtful’

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hygginn (adj.; °comp. -ari, superl. -astr): intelligent

notes

[3] hygginn huggara ‘the thoughtful comforter’: That is, the Paraclete.

hirð ‘’

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hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB 53)): retinue < hirðprúðr (adj.)

prúðra ‘of courtly’

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prúðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): magnificent, proud < hirðprúðr (adj.)

kyn ‘the kin’

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1. kyn (noun n.; °-s; -): kin

virða ‘men’

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virðr (noun m.): man

en ‘and’

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2. en (conj.): but, and

sal ‘of the hall’

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1. salr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; dat. sǫlum): hall < salkonungr (noun m.): hall-king

kennings

eingetinn sonr sólar salkonungs
‘son of the sun’s hall-king’
= Christ
the hall of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
the only son of GOD → Christ

sal ‘of the hall’

(not checked:)
1. salr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; dat. sǫlum): hall < salkonungr (noun m.): hall-king

kennings

eingetinn sonr sólar salkonungs
‘son of the sun’s hall-king’
= Christ
the hall of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
the only son of GOD → Christ

sal ‘of the hall’

(not checked:)
1. salr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; dat. sǫlum): hall < salkonungr (noun m.): hall-king

kennings

eingetinn sonr sólar salkonungs
‘son of the sun’s hall-king’
= Christ
the hall of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
the only son of GOD → Christ

konungs ‘of the king’

(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king < salkonungr (noun m.): hall-king

kennings

eingetinn sonr sólar salkonungs
‘son of the sun’s hall-king’
= Christ
the hall of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
the only son of GOD → Christ

konungs ‘of the king’

(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king < salkonungr (noun m.): hall-king

kennings

eingetinn sonr sólar salkonungs
‘son of the sun’s hall-king’
= Christ
the hall of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
the only son of GOD → Christ

sólar ‘of the sun’

(not checked:)
sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun

kennings

eingetinn sonr sólar salkonungs
‘son of the sun’s hall-king’
= Christ
the hall of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
the only son of GOD → Christ

sólar ‘of the sun’

(not checked:)
sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun

kennings

eingetinn sonr sólar salkonungs
‘son of the sun’s hall-king’
= Christ
the hall of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
the only son of GOD → Christ

sólar ‘of the sun’

(not checked:)
sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun

kennings

eingetinn sonr sólar salkonungs
‘son of the sun’s hall-king’
= Christ
the hall of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
the only son of GOD → Christ

sonr ‘son’

(not checked:)
sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son

kennings

eingetinn sonr sólar salkonungs
‘son of the sun’s hall-king’
= Christ
the hall of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
the only son of GOD → Christ

ein ‘the only’

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2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone < eingetinn (adj.): only-begotten

kennings

eingetinn sonr sólar salkonungs
‘son of the sun’s hall-king’
= Christ
the hall of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
the only son of GOD → Christ

getinn ‘’

(not checked:)
2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love < eingetinn (adj.): only-begotten

kennings

eingetinn sonr sólar salkonungs
‘son of the sun’s hall-king’
= Christ
the hall of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
the only son of GOD → Christ

hreinar ‘pure’

(not checked:)
2. hreinn (adj.; °compar. hreinari/hreinni, superl. hreinastr/hreinstr): pure

notes

[6-8] hreinar vingjafir ‘pure gifts of friendship’: Lit. ‘friendship-gifts’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) follows Rydberg in assuming that B’s ‘hreínnar’ ‘pure’ (l. 6) qualifies f. gen. sing. sólar ‘of the sun’ (l. 5). They construe the Christ-kenning sonr salkonungs hreinnar sólar ‘son of the king of the hall of the pure sun’. Kock (NN §3281) objects that, although kennings identical to, or on the same pattern as, salkonungr sólar occur frequently in Christian poetry (see Note to 13/1), none has an adj. qualifying sól (cf. LP: sól, kennings for God). This edn follows Kock in taking ms. ‘hreínnar’ (normalised to hreinar) as qualifying vingjafir f. acc. pl. (l. 8).

sendi ‘send’

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senda (verb): send

oss ‘us’

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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

með ‘along with’

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með (prep.): with

anda ‘spirit’

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andi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): spirit, soul

ört ‘graciously’

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art (noun f.): [graciously]

vin ‘of friendship’

(not checked:)
vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend < vingjǫf (noun f.): friendly gift

notes

[6-8] hreinar vingjafir ‘pure gifts of friendship’: Lit. ‘friendship-gifts’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) follows Rydberg in assuming that B’s ‘hreínnar’ ‘pure’ (l. 6) qualifies f. gen. sing. sólar ‘of the sun’ (l. 5). They construe the Christ-kenning sonr salkonungs hreinnar sólar ‘son of the king of the hall of the pure sun’. Kock (NN §3281) objects that, although kennings identical to, or on the same pattern as, salkonungr sólar occur frequently in Christian poetry (see Note to 13/1), none has an adj. qualifying sól (cf. LP: sól, kennings for God). This edn follows Kock in taking ms. ‘hreínnar’ (normalised to hreinar) as qualifying vingjafir f. acc. pl. (l. 8).

gjafir ‘gifts’

(not checked:)
gjǫf (noun f.): gift < vingjǫf (noun f.): friendly gift

notes

[6-8] hreinar vingjafir ‘pure gifts of friendship’: Lit. ‘friendship-gifts’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) follows Rydberg in assuming that B’s ‘hreínnar’ ‘pure’ (l. 6) qualifies f. gen. sing. sólar ‘of the sun’ (l. 5). They construe the Christ-kenning sonr salkonungs hreinnar sólar ‘son of the king of the hall of the pure sun’. Kock (NN §3281) objects that, although kennings identical to, or on the same pattern as, salkonungr sólar occur frequently in Christian poetry (see Note to 13/1), none has an adj. qualifying sól (cf. LP: sól, kennings for God). This edn follows Kock in taking ms. ‘hreínnar’ (normalised to hreinar) as qualifying vingjafir f. acc. pl. (l. 8).

björtum ‘the radiant’

(not checked:)
bjartr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): bright

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prose

The Lat. doxology corresponding to Heildr 17 must have been known in some form to the Icel. poet. In the version given by Einar Ólafur, the Lat. reads: Sit laus patri cum filio / sancto simul paraclito, / nobisque mittat filius / charisma sancti spiritus ‘Let there be praise to the Father with the Son, together with the Holy Paraclete, and may the Son send to us the gift of the Holy Spirit’.

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