Anon Brúðv 13VII
Valgerður Erna Þorvaldsdóttir (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Brúðkaupsvísur 13’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 538-9.
Vitraz ‘appears’
(not checked:)
2. vitra (verb): appear, reveal
honum ‘him’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
sæl ‘The blessed’
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sæll (adj.): happy, blessed
notes
[1] sæl snót ‘the blessed woman’: The Virgin Mary.
snót ‘woman’
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snót (noun f.; °; -ir): woman
notes
[1] sæl snót ‘the blessed woman’: The Virgin Mary.
sýnum ‘seemingly’
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sýnn (adj.): visible
var ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
hun ‘she’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
ófrýn ‘frowning’
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ófrýnn (adj.): frowning, grimacing
við ‘at’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
keyri ‘driver’
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keyrir (noun m.): [driver of, driver]
kennings
kænum keyri kafþjórs,‘to the skilful driver of the ox of the deep ’
= SEAFARER
the ox of the deep → SHIP
to the skilful driver of the SHIP → SEAFARER
kaf ‘of the deep’
(not checked:)
kaf (noun n.; °; *-): deep sea < kafþjórr (noun m.)
kennings
kænum keyri kafþjórs,‘to the skilful driver of the ox of the deep ’
= SEAFARER
the ox of the deep → SHIP
to the skilful driver of the SHIP → SEAFARER
kaf ‘of the deep’
(not checked:)
kaf (noun n.; °; *-): deep sea < kafþjórr (noun m.)
kennings
kænum keyri kafþjórs,‘to the skilful driver of the ox of the deep ’
= SEAFARER
the ox of the deep → SHIP
to the skilful driver of the SHIP → SEAFARER
þjórs ‘of the ox’
(not checked:)
þjórr (noun m.; °; -ar): [ox] < kafþjórr (noun m.)
kennings
kænum keyri kafþjórs,‘to the skilful driver of the ox of the deep ’
= SEAFARER
the ox of the deep → SHIP
to the skilful driver of the SHIP → SEAFARER
þjórs ‘of the ox’
(not checked:)
þjórr (noun m.; °; -ar): [ox] < kafþjórr (noun m.)
kennings
kænum keyri kafþjórs,‘to the skilful driver of the ox of the deep ’
= SEAFARER
the ox of the deep → SHIP
to the skilful driver of the SHIP → SEAFARER
kænum ‘to the skilful’
(not checked:)
2. kœnn (adj.; °superl. kǿnstr/kǿnastr): wise, skilful
kennings
kænum keyri kafþjórs,‘to the skilful driver of the ox of the deep ’
= SEAFARER
the ox of the deep → SHIP
to the skilful driver of the SHIP → SEAFARER
er ‘as’
(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when
hann ‘he’
(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
á ‘during’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
bæn ‘prayer’
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bœn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): request, prayer
En ‘But’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
heilög ‘the holy’
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heilagr (adj.; °helgan; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): holy, sacred
notes
[5-8] heilög hring-Sól heiðar röðuls ‘the holy ring-Sól of the heath of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = Mary]’: Hring-Sól could be taken as a simple woman-kenning: ‘Sól <goddess, personification of the sun> of the rings’ [WOMAN]. It could also be a part of an inverted kenning; ‘the holy Sól of the ring of the heath of the sun’, creating a sort of threefold image of the sun, first the base-word itself (Sól), then in the two sub-kennings. Hringr ‘ring’ does not usually occur in sun-kennings, but the word can be used to denote forskellige slags ‘ringe, ringformede genstande’ ‘various kinds of round and ring-formed things’ (LP: hringr), presumably including the sun. Cf. Schottmann 1973, 129 on this kind of kenning for the Virgin. On Sól as a personification of the sun, see SnE 1982, 13. The bright imagery in the kenning forms a sharp contrast to the ‘angry and unhappy’ appearance of Mary (reið og óglöð), who is described as ófrýn sýnum ‘seemingly frowning’ in the previous helmingr (l. 2). In Mar she is more decorous: með hrygðar yfirbragði ‘with the appearance of sorrow’ (Mar 1871, 119).
hring ‘of the ring’
(not checked:)
1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringsól (noun f.)
kennings
röðuls heiðar hring-Sól‘ring-Sól of the heath of the sun’
= Mary
the heath of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ring of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
Sól of the SUN → Mary
notes
[5-8] heilög hring-Sól heiðar röðuls ‘the holy ring-Sól of the heath of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = Mary]’: Hring-Sól could be taken as a simple woman-kenning: ‘Sól <goddess, personification of the sun> of the rings’ [WOMAN]. It could also be a part of an inverted kenning; ‘the holy Sól of the ring of the heath of the sun’, creating a sort of threefold image of the sun, first the base-word itself (Sól), then in the two sub-kennings. Hringr ‘ring’ does not usually occur in sun-kennings, but the word can be used to denote forskellige slags ‘ringe, ringformede genstande’ ‘various kinds of round and ring-formed things’ (LP: hringr), presumably including the sun. Cf. Schottmann 1973, 129 on this kind of kenning for the Virgin. On Sól as a personification of the sun, see SnE 1982, 13. The bright imagery in the kenning forms a sharp contrast to the ‘angry and unhappy’ appearance of Mary (reið og óglöð), who is described as ófrýn sýnum ‘seemingly frowning’ in the previous helmingr (l. 2). In Mar she is more decorous: með hrygðar yfirbragði ‘with the appearance of sorrow’ (Mar 1871, 119).
hring ‘of the ring’
(not checked:)
1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringsól (noun f.)
kennings
röðuls heiðar hring-Sól‘ring-Sól of the heath of the sun’
= Mary
the heath of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ring of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
Sól of the SUN → Mary
notes
[5-8] heilög hring-Sól heiðar röðuls ‘the holy ring-Sól of the heath of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = Mary]’: Hring-Sól could be taken as a simple woman-kenning: ‘Sól <goddess, personification of the sun> of the rings’ [WOMAN]. It could also be a part of an inverted kenning; ‘the holy Sól of the ring of the heath of the sun’, creating a sort of threefold image of the sun, first the base-word itself (Sól), then in the two sub-kennings. Hringr ‘ring’ does not usually occur in sun-kennings, but the word can be used to denote forskellige slags ‘ringe, ringformede genstande’ ‘various kinds of round and ring-formed things’ (LP: hringr), presumably including the sun. Cf. Schottmann 1973, 129 on this kind of kenning for the Virgin. On Sól as a personification of the sun, see SnE 1982, 13. The bright imagery in the kenning forms a sharp contrast to the ‘angry and unhappy’ appearance of Mary (reið og óglöð), who is described as ófrýn sýnum ‘seemingly frowning’ in the previous helmingr (l. 2). In Mar she is more decorous: með hrygðar yfirbragði ‘with the appearance of sorrow’ (Mar 1871, 119).
Sól ‘Sól’
(not checked:)
2. Sól (noun f.): Sól < hringsól (noun f.)
kennings
röðuls heiðar hring-Sól‘ring-Sól of the heath of the sun’
= Mary
the heath of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ring of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
Sól of the SUN → Mary
notes
[5-8] heilög hring-Sól heiðar röðuls ‘the holy ring-Sól of the heath of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = Mary]’: Hring-Sól could be taken as a simple woman-kenning: ‘Sól <goddess, personification of the sun> of the rings’ [WOMAN]. It could also be a part of an inverted kenning; ‘the holy Sól of the ring of the heath of the sun’, creating a sort of threefold image of the sun, first the base-word itself (Sól), then in the two sub-kennings. Hringr ‘ring’ does not usually occur in sun-kennings, but the word can be used to denote forskellige slags ‘ringe, ringformede genstande’ ‘various kinds of round and ring-formed things’ (LP: hringr), presumably including the sun. Cf. Schottmann 1973, 129 on this kind of kenning for the Virgin. On Sól as a personification of the sun, see SnE 1982, 13. The bright imagery in the kenning forms a sharp contrast to the ‘angry and unhappy’ appearance of Mary (reið og óglöð), who is described as ófrýn sýnum ‘seemingly frowning’ in the previous helmingr (l. 2). In Mar she is more decorous: með hrygðar yfirbragði ‘with the appearance of sorrow’ (Mar 1871, 119).
heiðar ‘of the heath’
(not checked:)
3. heiðr (noun f.; °heiðar, dat./acc heiði; heiðar): heath
kennings
röðuls heiðar hring-Sól‘ring-Sól of the heath of the sun’
= Mary
the heath of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ring of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
Sól of the SUN → Mary
notes
[5-8] heilög hring-Sól heiðar röðuls ‘the holy ring-Sól of the heath of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = Mary]’: Hring-Sól could be taken as a simple woman-kenning: ‘Sól <goddess, personification of the sun> of the rings’ [WOMAN]. It could also be a part of an inverted kenning; ‘the holy Sól of the ring of the heath of the sun’, creating a sort of threefold image of the sun, first the base-word itself (Sól), then in the two sub-kennings. Hringr ‘ring’ does not usually occur in sun-kennings, but the word can be used to denote forskellige slags ‘ringe, ringformede genstande’ ‘various kinds of round and ring-formed things’ (LP: hringr), presumably including the sun. Cf. Schottmann 1973, 129 on this kind of kenning for the Virgin. On Sól as a personification of the sun, see SnE 1982, 13. The bright imagery in the kenning forms a sharp contrast to the ‘angry and unhappy’ appearance of Mary (reið og óglöð), who is described as ófrýn sýnum ‘seemingly frowning’ in the previous helmingr (l. 2). In Mar she is more decorous: með hrygðar yfirbragði ‘with the appearance of sorrow’ (Mar 1871, 119).
heiðar ‘of the heath’
(not checked:)
3. heiðr (noun f.; °heiðar, dat./acc heiði; heiðar): heath
kennings
röðuls heiðar hring-Sól‘ring-Sól of the heath of the sun’
= Mary
the heath of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ring of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
Sól of the SUN → Mary
notes
[5-8] heilög hring-Sól heiðar röðuls ‘the holy ring-Sól of the heath of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = Mary]’: Hring-Sól could be taken as a simple woman-kenning: ‘Sól <goddess, personification of the sun> of the rings’ [WOMAN]. It could also be a part of an inverted kenning; ‘the holy Sól of the ring of the heath of the sun’, creating a sort of threefold image of the sun, first the base-word itself (Sól), then in the two sub-kennings. Hringr ‘ring’ does not usually occur in sun-kennings, but the word can be used to denote forskellige slags ‘ringe, ringformede genstande’ ‘various kinds of round and ring-formed things’ (LP: hringr), presumably including the sun. Cf. Schottmann 1973, 129 on this kind of kenning for the Virgin. On Sól as a personification of the sun, see SnE 1982, 13. The bright imagery in the kenning forms a sharp contrast to the ‘angry and unhappy’ appearance of Mary (reið og óglöð), who is described as ófrýn sýnum ‘seemingly frowning’ in the previous helmingr (l. 2). In Mar she is more decorous: með hrygðar yfirbragði ‘with the appearance of sorrow’ (Mar 1871, 119).
heiðar ‘of the heath’
(not checked:)
3. heiðr (noun f.; °heiðar, dat./acc heiði; heiðar): heath
kennings
röðuls heiðar hring-Sól‘ring-Sól of the heath of the sun’
= Mary
the heath of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ring of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
Sól of the SUN → Mary
notes
[5-8] heilög hring-Sól heiðar röðuls ‘the holy ring-Sól of the heath of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = Mary]’: Hring-Sól could be taken as a simple woman-kenning: ‘Sól <goddess, personification of the sun> of the rings’ [WOMAN]. It could also be a part of an inverted kenning; ‘the holy Sól of the ring of the heath of the sun’, creating a sort of threefold image of the sun, first the base-word itself (Sól), then in the two sub-kennings. Hringr ‘ring’ does not usually occur in sun-kennings, but the word can be used to denote forskellige slags ‘ringe, ringformede genstande’ ‘various kinds of round and ring-formed things’ (LP: hringr), presumably including the sun. Cf. Schottmann 1973, 129 on this kind of kenning for the Virgin. On Sól as a personification of the sun, see SnE 1982, 13. The bright imagery in the kenning forms a sharp contrast to the ‘angry and unhappy’ appearance of Mary (reið og óglöð), who is described as ófrýn sýnum ‘seemingly frowning’ in the previous helmingr (l. 2). In Mar she is more decorous: með hrygðar yfirbragði ‘with the appearance of sorrow’ (Mar 1871, 119).
þótti ‘seemed’
(not checked:)
2. þykkja (verb): seem, think
vera ‘to be’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
reið ‘angry’
(not checked:)
4. reiðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): angry
randa ‘of shields’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
kennings
randa róg-Þund.‘strife-Þundr of shields’
= WARRIOR
the strife of shields. → BATTLE
to the Þundr of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
randa ‘of shields’
(not checked:)
rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
kennings
randa róg-Þund.‘strife-Þundr of shields’
= WARRIOR
the strife of shields. → BATTLE
to the Þundr of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
leiz ‘it appeared’
(not checked:)
líta (verb): look, see; appear
svá ‘so’
(not checked:)
svá (adv.): so, thus
róg ‘of the strife’
(not checked:)
róg (noun n.; °-s): strife, slander < rógþundr (noun m.)
kennings
randa róg-Þund.‘strife-Þundr of shields’
= WARRIOR
the strife of shields. → BATTLE
to the Þundr of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
róg ‘of the strife’
(not checked:)
róg (noun n.; °-s): strife, slander < rógþundr (noun m.)
kennings
randa róg-Þund.‘strife-Þundr of shields’
= WARRIOR
the strife of shields. → BATTLE
to the Þundr of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
Þund ‘to the Þundr’
(not checked:)
Þundr (noun m.): Þundr < rógþundr (noun m.)
kennings
randa róg-Þund.‘strife-Þundr of shields’
= WARRIOR
the strife of shields. → BATTLE
to the Þundr of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
röðuls ‘of the sun’
(not checked:)
rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body
kennings
röðuls heiðar hring-Sól‘ring-Sól of the heath of the sun’
= Mary
the heath of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ring of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
Sól of the SUN → Mary
notes
[5-8] heilög hring-Sól heiðar röðuls ‘the holy ring-Sól of the heath of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = Mary]’: Hring-Sól could be taken as a simple woman-kenning: ‘Sól <goddess, personification of the sun> of the rings’ [WOMAN]. It could also be a part of an inverted kenning; ‘the holy Sól of the ring of the heath of the sun’, creating a sort of threefold image of the sun, first the base-word itself (Sól), then in the two sub-kennings. Hringr ‘ring’ does not usually occur in sun-kennings, but the word can be used to denote forskellige slags ‘ringe, ringformede genstande’ ‘various kinds of round and ring-formed things’ (LP: hringr), presumably including the sun. Cf. Schottmann 1973, 129 on this kind of kenning for the Virgin. On Sól as a personification of the sun, see SnE 1982, 13. The bright imagery in the kenning forms a sharp contrast to the ‘angry and unhappy’ appearance of Mary (reið og óglöð), who is described as ófrýn sýnum ‘seemingly frowning’ in the previous helmingr (l. 2). In Mar she is more decorous: með hrygðar yfirbragði ‘with the appearance of sorrow’ (Mar 1871, 119).
röðuls ‘of the sun’
(not checked:)
rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body
kennings
röðuls heiðar hring-Sól‘ring-Sól of the heath of the sun’
= Mary
the heath of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ring of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
Sól of the SUN → Mary
notes
[5-8] heilög hring-Sól heiðar röðuls ‘the holy ring-Sól of the heath of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = Mary]’: Hring-Sól could be taken as a simple woman-kenning: ‘Sól <goddess, personification of the sun> of the rings’ [WOMAN]. It could also be a part of an inverted kenning; ‘the holy Sól of the ring of the heath of the sun’, creating a sort of threefold image of the sun, first the base-word itself (Sól), then in the two sub-kennings. Hringr ‘ring’ does not usually occur in sun-kennings, but the word can be used to denote forskellige slags ‘ringe, ringformede genstande’ ‘various kinds of round and ring-formed things’ (LP: hringr), presumably including the sun. Cf. Schottmann 1973, 129 on this kind of kenning for the Virgin. On Sól as a personification of the sun, see SnE 1982, 13. The bright imagery in the kenning forms a sharp contrast to the ‘angry and unhappy’ appearance of Mary (reið og óglöð), who is described as ófrýn sýnum ‘seemingly frowning’ in the previous helmingr (l. 2). In Mar she is more decorous: með hrygðar yfirbragði ‘with the appearance of sorrow’ (Mar 1871, 119).
röðuls ‘of the sun’
(not checked:)
rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body
kennings
röðuls heiðar hring-Sól‘ring-Sól of the heath of the sun’
= Mary
the heath of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ring of the SKY/HEAVEN → SUN
Sól of the SUN → Mary
notes
[5-8] heilög hring-Sól heiðar röðuls ‘the holy ring-Sól of the heath of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = Mary]’: Hring-Sól could be taken as a simple woman-kenning: ‘Sól <goddess, personification of the sun> of the rings’ [WOMAN]. It could also be a part of an inverted kenning; ‘the holy Sól of the ring of the heath of the sun’, creating a sort of threefold image of the sun, first the base-word itself (Sól), then in the two sub-kennings. Hringr ‘ring’ does not usually occur in sun-kennings, but the word can be used to denote forskellige slags ‘ringe, ringformede genstande’ ‘various kinds of round and ring-formed things’ (LP: hringr), presumably including the sun. Cf. Schottmann 1973, 129 on this kind of kenning for the Virgin. On Sól as a personification of the sun, see SnE 1982, 13. The bright imagery in the kenning forms a sharp contrast to the ‘angry and unhappy’ appearance of Mary (reið og óglöð), who is described as ófrýn sýnum ‘seemingly frowning’ in the previous helmingr (l. 2). In Mar she is more decorous: með hrygðar yfirbragði ‘with the appearance of sorrow’ (Mar 1871, 119).
og ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
óglöð ‘unhappy’
(not checked:)
óglaðr (adj.): [unhappy]
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Vitraz honum sæl snót |
The blessed woman appears to the skilful driver of the ox of the deep [SHIP > SEAFARER] as he slept during prayer; she was seemingly frowning at him. But the holy Sól <goddess> of the ring of the heath of the sun [(lit. ‘ring-Sól of the heath of the sun’) SKY/HEAVEN > SUN > = Mary] seemed to be angry and unhappy; so it appeared to the Þundr <= Óðinn> of the strife of shields [(lit. ‘strife-Þundr of shields’) BATTLE > WARRIOR].
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