Anon Brúðv 12VII
Valgerður Erna Þorvaldsdóttir (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Brúðkaupsvísur 12’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 537-8.
Kirkju ‘church’
(not checked:)
kirkja (noun f.): church
sótti ‘attended’
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sœkja (verb): seek, attack
krossmarks ‘of the sign of the cross’
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krossmark (noun n.): sign of the cross
[1] krossmarks: krossmark 721
kennings
Kennir krossmarks‘The knower of the sign of the cross ’
= HOLY MAN
The knower of the sign of the cross → HOLY MAN
notes
[1] krossmarks ‘sign of the cross’: As Jón Helgason pointed out, the word must be in gen., not nom. as it is the determinant of the kenning kennir krossmarks ‘the knower of the sign of the cross’. This kenning could denote a priest or monk, rather than a devout layman; see Note to st. 6.
kennir ‘The knower’
(not checked:)
kennir (noun m.): teacher
kennings
Kennir krossmarks‘The knower of the sign of the cross ’
= HOLY MAN
The knower of the sign of the cross → HOLY MAN
en ‘but’
(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and
kennings
byggvis byrviggs‘of the inhabitant of the wind-horse ’
= SEAFARER
the wind-horse → SHIP
the inhabitant of the SHIP → SEAFARER
notes
[3] byggvis ‘inhabitant’: This is the base-word of a kenning qualifying brúðmenn ‘groomsmen’ and must therefore be in the gen. sg. indicating possession. Emendation suggested by Jón Helgason.
notes
[3] skyldu ‘had to, were supposed to’: The verb skulu refers to the brúðmenn (m. pl.) (Mar 1871, 119: boðsmenn) and is therefore emended from 3rd pers. sg. skyldi in the mss to 3rd pers. pl. skyldu.
byr ‘of the wind’
(not checked:)
byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind < byrviggr (noun m.)
kennings
byggvis byrviggs‘of the inhabitant of the wind-horse ’
= SEAFARER
the wind-horse → SHIP
the inhabitant of the SHIP → SEAFARER
byr ‘of the wind’
(not checked:)
byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind < byrviggr (noun m.)
kennings
byggvis byrviggs‘of the inhabitant of the wind-horse ’
= SEAFARER
the wind-horse → SHIP
the inhabitant of the SHIP → SEAFARER
viggs ‘horse’
(not checked:)
vigg (noun n.): steed < byrviggr (noun m.)
kennings
byggvis byrviggs‘of the inhabitant of the wind-horse ’
= SEAFARER
the wind-horse → SHIP
the inhabitant of the SHIP → SEAFARER
viggs ‘horse’
(not checked:)
vigg (noun n.): steed < byrviggr (noun m.)
kennings
byggvis byrviggs‘of the inhabitant of the wind-horse ’
= SEAFARER
the wind-horse → SHIP
the inhabitant of the SHIP → SEAFARER
bíða ‘to wait’
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bíða (verb; °bíðr; beið, biðu; beðit): wait, suffer, experience
unz ‘until’
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2. unz (conj.): until
hann ‘he’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
lyki ‘finished’
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1. lúka (verb): end, close
tíð ‘his devotions’
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1. tíð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time
Höfgi ‘drowsiness’
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hǫfgi (noun m.; °-a): drowsiness, slumber
rann ‘came over’
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2. renna (verb): run (strong)
á ‘’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
segg ‘the man’
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seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man
sýnn ‘An evident’
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sýnn (adj.): visible
sofa ‘sleep’
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sofa (verb): sleep
notes
[6] gjörði ‘did’: The scribe of 2166ˣ writes náði ‘could, managed’ in the main text, but gjörði in the margin. Jón Helgason chose the reading náði for the sake of the rhyme.
stund ‘for a while’
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stund (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): time, hour
þá ‘then’
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2. þá (adv.): then
byrjar ‘of the wind’
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byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind
kennings
byrjar blakkþollr gieðrakkr‘horse-tree of the wind’
= SEAFARER
the horse of the wind → SHIP
the mind-bold tree of the SHIP → SEAFARER
byrjar ‘of the wind’
(not checked:)
byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind
kennings
byrjar blakkþollr gieðrakkr‘horse-tree of the wind’
= SEAFARER
the horse of the wind → SHIP
the mind-bold tree of the SHIP → SEAFARER
er ‘who’
(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when
á ‘at’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
bæn ‘prayer’
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bœn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): request, prayer
var ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
blakk ‘of the horse’
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1. blakkr (noun m.): horse < blakkþollr (noun m.)
[8] blakkþollr: so 399a‑bˣ, 2166ˣ, blakkþoll 721, 1032ˣ
kennings
byrjar blakkþollr gieðrakkr‘horse-tree of the wind’
= SEAFARER
the horse of the wind → SHIP
the mind-bold tree of the SHIP → SEAFARER
blakk ‘of the horse’
(not checked:)
1. blakkr (noun m.): horse < blakkþollr (noun m.)
[8] blakkþollr: so 399a‑bˣ, 2166ˣ, blakkþoll 721, 1032ˣ
kennings
byrjar blakkþollr gieðrakkr‘horse-tree of the wind’
= SEAFARER
the horse of the wind → SHIP
the mind-bold tree of the SHIP → SEAFARER
þollr ‘tree’
(not checked:)
þollr (noun m.): fir-tree < blakkþollr (noun m.)
[8] blakkþollr: so 399a‑bˣ, 2166ˣ, blakkþoll 721, 1032ˣ
kennings
byrjar blakkþollr gieðrakkr‘horse-tree of the wind’
= SEAFARER
the horse of the wind → SHIP
the mind-bold tree of the SHIP → SEAFARER
notes
[8] -þollr ‘tree’: Nom. is required, since this is the base-word of the kenning and subject of its cl.
gieð ‘the mind’
(not checked:)
geð (noun n.): mind < geðrakkr (adj.): [valiant]
kennings
byrjar blakkþollr gieðrakkr‘horse-tree of the wind’
= SEAFARER
the horse of the wind → SHIP
the mind-bold tree of the SHIP → SEAFARER
rakkr ‘bold’
(not checked:)
rakkr (adj.; °compar. -ari): bold < geðrakkr (adj.): [valiant]
kennings
byrjar blakkþollr gieðrakkr‘horse-tree of the wind’
= SEAFARER
the horse of the wind → SHIP
the mind-bold tree of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Kirkju sótti krossmarks |
The knower of the sign of the cross [HOLY MAN] attended church, but the groomsmen of the inhabitant of the wind-horse [SHIP > SEAFARER] had to wait until he finished his devotions. An evident drowsiness came over the man, who was at prayer; the mind-bold tree of the horse of the wind [(lit. ‘horse-tree of the wind’) SHIP > SEAFARER] then did sleep for a while.
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