Anon (HSig) 9II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Anonymous Lausavísur, Lausavísur from Haralds saga Sigurðarsonar 9’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 822-3.
Gramr ‘prince’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
frægr ‘famous’
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frægr (adj.; °-jan/-an; compar. -ri, superl. -jastr/-astr/-str): famous, renowned
[1] frægr: frægn FskAˣ
til ‘for’
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til (prep.): to
flestan ‘most’
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fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most
sigr ‘victories’
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sigr (noun m.; °sigrs/sigrar, dat. sigri; sigrar): victory
inn ‘The’
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2. inn (art.): the
notes
[2] inn digri ‘the stout’: Óláfr Haraldsson’s nickname.
digri ‘stout’
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digr (adj.; °digran; compar. digrari, superl. digrastr): fat, large
notes
[2] inn digri ‘the stout’: Óláfr Haraldsson’s nickname.
hlautk ‘I got’
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hljóta (verb): alot, gain
[3] hlautk (‘hlꜵt ec’): hlaut 61, hlýtr þú Mork
notes
[3] þvít sôtum heima ‘because we [I] stayed at home’: In contrast to Haraldr, who is setting out on an expedition to conquer England (þarflaust ‘needlessly’, see ÞjóðA Lv 11/4), Óláfr died in battle on native soil in the attempt to reconquer his patrimony, Norway. See Note to l. 4 below.
heima ‘at home’
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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
notes
[3] þvít sôtum heima ‘because we [I] stayed at home’: In contrast to Haraldr, who is setting out on an expedition to conquer England (þarflaust ‘needlessly’, see ÞjóðA Lv 11/4), Óláfr died in battle on native soil in the attempt to reconquer his patrimony, Norway. See Note to l. 4 below.
notes
[3] þvít sôtum heima ‘because we [I] stayed at home’: In contrast to Haraldr, who is setting out on an expedition to conquer England (þarflaust ‘needlessly’, see ÞjóðA Lv 11/4), Óláfr died in battle on native soil in the attempt to reconquer his patrimony, Norway. See Note to l. 4 below.
heilagt ‘a holy’
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heilagr (adj.; °helgan; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): holy, sacred
[4] heilagt: ‘haleitt’ Hr
notes
[4] heilagt fall ‘holy death’: Lit. ‘holy fall’. Skald emends the Hr variant ‘haleitt’ to hligt and reads hligt fall ‘splendid (or ‘high’) fall’ (see NN §3234). However, ‘haleitt’ is clearly a scribal error. Óláfr Haraldsson (S. Óláfr) died at the battle of Stiklestad (29 July 1030). He was later canonised and became the patron saint of Norway.
fall ‘death’
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fall (noun n.; °-s; *-): fall
notes
[4] heilagt fall ‘holy death’: Lit. ‘holy fall’. Skald emends the Hr variant ‘haleitt’ to hligt and reads hligt fall ‘splendid (or ‘high’) fall’ (see NN §3234). However, ‘haleitt’ is clearly a scribal error. Óláfr Haraldsson (S. Óláfr) died at the battle of Stiklestad (29 July 1030). He was later canonised and became the patron saint of Norway.
til ‘on’
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til (prep.): to
vallar ‘the battlefield’
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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field
Uggik ‘I fear’
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ugga (verb): to fear, suspect
notes
[5] uggik øfst ráð, tyggi ‘I fear the final undertaking, lord’: The Hkr variant, uggik enn, at, tyggi (uggik enn, tyggi, at… ‘yet I believe, lord, that…’) (so Skj B; Skald; ÍF 28; ÍF 29), is possible, but appears to be a syntactic simplification. Øfst ráð tyggja ‘the final undertaking of the king’ (so 61, Tóm, Mork, Flat, H, Hr, 326bˣ) is also possible but not supported by the majority of the ms. witnesses.
øfst ‘the final’
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øfst (adv.): [final]
[5] øfst ráð: so Holm2, 972ˣ(595va), 972ˣ(595vb), 61, Mork, Flat, H, Hr, 326bˣ, enn at Kˣ, 39, F, J2ˣ, heldr at E, øfsta ráð Tóm, helzt at Bb, at FskAˣ
notes
[5] uggik øfst ráð, tyggi ‘I fear the final undertaking, lord’: The Hkr variant, uggik enn, at, tyggi (uggik enn, tyggi, at… ‘yet I believe, lord, that…’) (so Skj B; Skald; ÍF 28; ÍF 29), is possible, but appears to be a syntactic simplification. Øfst ráð tyggja ‘the final undertaking of the king’ (so 61, Tóm, Mork, Flat, H, Hr, 326bˣ) is also possible but not supported by the majority of the ms. witnesses.
ráð ‘undertaking’
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ráð (noun n.; °-s; -): advice, plan, control, power
[5] øfst ráð: so Holm2, 972ˣ(595va), 972ˣ(595vb), 61, Mork, Flat, H, Hr, 326bˣ, enn at Kˣ, 39, F, J2ˣ, heldr at E, øfsta ráð Tóm, helzt at Bb, at FskAˣ
notes
[5] uggik øfst ráð, tyggi ‘I fear the final undertaking, lord’: The Hkr variant, uggik enn, at, tyggi (uggik enn, tyggi, at… ‘yet I believe, lord, that…’) (so Skj B; Skald; ÍF 28; ÍF 29), is possible, but appears to be a syntactic simplification. Øfst ráð tyggja ‘the final undertaking of the king’ (so 61, Tóm, Mork, Flat, H, Hr, 326bˣ) is also possible but not supported by the majority of the ms. witnesses.
tyggi ‘lord’
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tyggi (noun m.): prince, sovereign
[5] tyggi: tyggja 61, Tóm, Mork, Flat, H, Hr, 326bˣ
notes
[5] uggik øfst ráð, tyggi ‘I fear the final undertaking, lord’: The Hkr variant, uggik enn, at, tyggi (uggik enn, tyggi, at… ‘yet I believe, lord, that…’) (so Skj B; Skald; ÍF 28; ÍF 29), is possible, but appears to be a syntactic simplification. Øfst ráð tyggja ‘the final undertaking of the king’ (so 61, Tóm, Mork, Flat, H, Hr, 326bˣ) is also possible but not supported by the majority of the ms. witnesses.
yðr ‘for you’
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
[6] yðr mun feigð of byrjuð: ‘era feigd vm bvr egda’ Tóm
mun ‘will’
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munu (verb): will, must
[6] yðr mun feigð of byrjuð: ‘era feigd vm bvr egda’ Tóm; mun: so 61, Bb, Mork, Flat, H, Hr, mani Kˣ, 39, F, J2ˣ, sé E, myni Holm2, 972ˣ(595vb), ‘muni’ 972ˣ(595va), er FskAˣ, man 326bˣ
notes
[6] mun of byrjuð ‘will be in store’: The subj. forms in the Hkr mss (mani ‘may be’; sé ‘be’) are caused by the subordinate at-cl. beginning in l. 5 (see Note to l. 5 above). Myni ‘may be’ (so Holm2, 972ˣ) is used to imply uncertainty in the main cl., which is less likely in view of the indic. (gefið ‘will provide’) in the next cl. Skald emends of byrjuð ‘(be) in store’ to of bregða ‘will put an end to’ based on the variant in Tóm (‘era feigd vm bvr egda’). Kock did this in an attempt to restore what he perceived to be a missing internal rhyme (see NN §3096). However, the internal rhyme yð- : -yr- (r : ð rhyme) is legitimate (see Kuhn 1983, 79).
feigð ‘death’
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feigð (noun f.): death
[6] yðr mun feigð of byrjuð: ‘era feigd vm bvr egda’ Tóm
of ‘be’
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4. of (particle): (before verb)
[6] yðr mun feigð of byrjuð: ‘era feigd vm bvr egda’ Tóm
notes
[6] mun of byrjuð ‘will be in store’: The subj. forms in the Hkr mss (mani ‘may be’; sé ‘be’) are caused by the subordinate at-cl. beginning in l. 5 (see Note to l. 5 above). Myni ‘may be’ (so Holm2, 972ˣ) is used to imply uncertainty in the main cl., which is less likely in view of the indic. (gefið ‘will provide’) in the next cl. Skald emends of byrjuð ‘(be) in store’ to of bregða ‘will put an end to’ based on the variant in Tóm (‘era feigd vm bvr egda’). Kock did this in an attempt to restore what he perceived to be a missing internal rhyme (see NN §3096). However, the internal rhyme yð- : -yr- (r : ð rhyme) is legitimate (see Kuhn 1983, 79).
byrjuð ‘in store’
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2. byrja (verb; °-að-): begin, begat, please
[6] yðr mun feigð of byrjuð: ‘era feigd vm bvr egda’ Tóm; byrjuð: ‘byrdoð’ Holm2, ‘byrdod’ 972ˣ(595va), 972ˣ(595vb), byrjað FskAˣ, 326bˣ
notes
[6] mun of byrjuð ‘will be in store’: The subj. forms in the Hkr mss (mani ‘may be’; sé ‘be’) are caused by the subordinate at-cl. beginning in l. 5 (see Note to l. 5 above). Myni ‘may be’ (so Holm2, 972ˣ) is used to imply uncertainty in the main cl., which is less likely in view of the indic. (gefið ‘will provide’) in the next cl. Skald emends of byrjuð ‘(be) in store’ to of bregða ‘will put an end to’ based on the variant in Tóm (‘era feigd vm bvr egda’). Kock did this in an attempt to restore what he perceived to be a missing internal rhyme (see NN §3096). However, the internal rhyme yð- : -yr- (r : ð rhyme) is legitimate (see Kuhn 1983, 79).
kennings
fôkum fíks trolls‘for the steeds of the greedy troll; ’
= WOLVES
for the steeds of the greedy troll; → WOLVES
gefið ‘you will provide’
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gefa (verb): give
[7] gefið: gefr 61, gefa Tóm, gefi Bb, ‘giora’ Flat
kennings
fôkum fíks trolls‘for the steeds of the greedy troll; ’
= WOLVES
for the steeds of the greedy troll; → WOLVES
fyllar ‘fill’
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fylli (noun f.): fill
[7] fyllar: fylli E, Holm2, 972ˣ(595va), 972ˣ(595vb), 61, Tóm, Flat, 326bˣ, fylki FskAˣ
fíks ‘of the greedy’
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fíkr (adj.): [greedy]
kennings
fôkum fíks trolls‘for the steeds of the greedy troll; ’
= WOLVES
for the steeds of the greedy troll; → WOLVES
veldra ‘will not be the cause’
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valda (verb): cause
[8] veldra goð: veldr atgerð FskAˣ; veldra: veldrat F, 61, Flat, H, Hr, 326bˣ, réðrat Holm2, 972ˣ(595va), 972ˣ(595vb), Bb, ‘veldrar’ Tóm, réðra Mork
notes
[8] veldra ‘will not be the cause of’: Réðra[t] ‘will not be the cause of’ (so Holm2, 972ˣ, Bb, Mork) is also possible.
goð ‘God’
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1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
[8] veldra goð: veldr atgerð FskAˣ
slíku ‘of that’
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2. slíkr (adj.): such
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The famous stout prince won most victories for his advancement; I got a holy death on the battlefield, because we [I] stayed at home. I fear the final undertaking, lord; death will be in store for you; you will provide fill for the steeds of the greedy troll [WOLVES]; God will not be the cause of that.
The st. is recited to King Haraldr in a dream on (or before) his expedition to England, allegedly by Haraldr’s half-brother, Óláfr Haraldsson (S. Óláfr).
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