Anon (SnE) 9^III

Troll ‘troll’

(not checked:)
troll (noun n.; °-s; -): troll

notes

[1] kalla mik troll ‘they call me troll’: There are two possible interpretations of this line, just as there are of the first line of Bragi’s response: ‘they call me troll …’, as here, where troll is the first of a series of object complements, and troll kalla mik ‘trolls call me …’. Kock (NN §1095A) expresses a strong preference for the first option, on the ground that poets, not trolls, were creators of kennings, while Skj B takes up the second interpretation.

kalla ‘They call’

(not checked:)
kalla (verb): call

notes

[1] kalla mik troll ‘they call me troll’: There are two possible interpretations of this line, just as there are of the first line of Bragi’s response: ‘they call me troll …’, as here, where troll is the first of a series of object complements, and troll kalla mik ‘trolls call me …’. Kock (NN §1095A) expresses a strong preference for the first option, on the ground that poets, not trolls, were creators of kennings, while Skj B takes up the second interpretation.

mik ‘me’

(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

notes

[1] kalla mik troll ‘they call me troll’: There are two possible interpretations of this line, just as there are of the first line of Bragi’s response: ‘they call me troll …’, as here, where troll is the first of a series of object complements, and troll kalla mik ‘trolls call me …’. Kock (NN §1095A) expresses a strong preference for the first option, on the ground that poets, not trolls, were creators of kennings, while Skj B takes up the second interpretation.

tungl ‘moon’

(not checked:)
tungl (noun n.; °-s; -): moon, heavenly body

kennings

notes

[2] tungl sjǫt-Rungnis ‘moon of dwelling-Rungnir [TROLL]’: This is the most obscure of the kennings in the stanza. Rungnir may be a giant name, possibly a variant of the better-attested Hrungnir, the name of a giant with whom Þórr fought a duel (SnE 1998, I, 20-2). Sigrdr 15/5-6 (NK 193) names one of the places where runes are carved as á því hvéli, er snýz | undir reið Rungnis  ‘on that wheel, which turns beneath the chariot of Rungnir’. Kock (NN §1095B and Skald) emends to tungls sjǫthrungni ‘moon’s dwelling-Hrungnir’ ‘Hrungnir [i.e. destroyer] of the moon’s dwelling’ (by inversion), an allusion to the same myth as the kennings in ll. 4 and 7, in which at Ragnarǫk a wolf in the form of a troll will destroy the heavenly bodies (cf. Vsp 40/7-8 (NK 9) tungls tiúgari | í trollz hami ‘destroyer of the sun in the shape of a troll’). Another possibility is that tunglsjǫt ‘moon-dwelling’ could form a cpd, though the kenning still remains obscure.

sjǫt ‘of dwelling’

(not checked:)
sjǫt (noun n.): dwelling < sjǫtrungnir (noun m.)

[2] sjǫt‑Rungnis: ‘siotrvgnnis’ R

kennings

notes

[2] tungl sjǫt-Rungnis ‘moon of dwelling-Rungnir [TROLL]’: This is the most obscure of the kennings in the stanza. Rungnir may be a giant name, possibly a variant of the better-attested Hrungnir, the name of a giant with whom Þórr fought a duel (SnE 1998, I, 20-2). Sigrdr 15/5-6 (NK 193) names one of the places where runes are carved as á því hvéli, er snýz | undir reið Rungnis  ‘on that wheel, which turns beneath the chariot of Rungnir’. Kock (NN §1095B and Skald) emends to tungls sjǫthrungni ‘moon’s dwelling-Hrungnir’ ‘Hrungnir [i.e. destroyer] of the moon’s dwelling’ (by inversion), an allusion to the same myth as the kennings in ll. 4 and 7, in which at Ragnarǫk a wolf in the form of a troll will destroy the heavenly bodies (cf. Vsp 40/7-8 (NK 9) tungls tiúgari | í trollz hami ‘destroyer of the sun in the shape of a troll’). Another possibility is that tunglsjǫt ‘moon-dwelling’ could form a cpd, though the kenning still remains obscure.

Rungnis ‘Rungnir’

(not checked:)
Rungnir (noun m.): Rungnir < sjǫtrungnir (noun m.)

[2] sjǫt‑Rungnis: ‘siotrvgnnis’ R

kennings

notes

[2] tungl sjǫt-Rungnis ‘moon of dwelling-Rungnir [TROLL]’: This is the most obscure of the kennings in the stanza. Rungnir may be a giant name, possibly a variant of the better-attested Hrungnir, the name of a giant with whom Þórr fought a duel (SnE 1998, I, 20-2). Sigrdr 15/5-6 (NK 193) names one of the places where runes are carved as á því hvéli, er snýz | undir reið Rungnis  ‘on that wheel, which turns beneath the chariot of Rungnir’. Kock (NN §1095B and Skald) emends to tungls sjǫthrungni ‘moon’s dwelling-Hrungnir’ ‘Hrungnir [i.e. destroyer] of the moon’s dwelling’ (by inversion), an allusion to the same myth as the kennings in ll. 4 and 7, in which at Ragnarǫk a wolf in the form of a troll will destroy the heavenly bodies (cf. Vsp 40/7-8 (NK 9) tungls tiúgari | í trollz hami ‘destroyer of the sun in the shape of a troll’). Another possibility is that tunglsjǫt ‘moon-dwelling’ could form a cpd, though the kenning still remains obscure.

auð ‘wealth’

(not checked:)
1. auðr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-): wealth < auðsúgr (noun m.): [wealth-sucker]

kennings

notes

[3] auðsúg jǫtuns ‘wealth-sucker of a giant [TROLL-WOMAN]’: Again the reference is obscure. There may be an allusion to the kenning-type ‘mouthful of giants [GOLD]’ (cf. Bragi Frag 6/2-3) and a suggestion that troll-women could somehow suck out gold from the mouths of giants (perhaps in the course of a sexual encounter) or rob them of it by some other means. The alimentary element in this kenning finds a counterpart in himins hvélsvelg ‘swallower of the wheel of the sky [SUN > TROLL]’ (l. 7), and in several of Bragi’s kennings in reply. Kock (NN §1095C and Skald) emends to auðsúð jǫtuns ‘wealth-plank of a giant [WOMAN > TROLL-WOMAN]’, thus providing a hending.

súg ‘sucker’

(not checked:)
súgr (noun m.): [sucking] < auðsúgr (noun m.): [wealth-sucker]

kennings

notes

[3] auðsúg jǫtuns ‘wealth-sucker of a giant [TROLL-WOMAN]’: Again the reference is obscure. There may be an allusion to the kenning-type ‘mouthful of giants [GOLD]’ (cf. Bragi Frag 6/2-3) and a suggestion that troll-women could somehow suck out gold from the mouths of giants (perhaps in the course of a sexual encounter) or rob them of it by some other means. The alimentary element in this kenning finds a counterpart in himins hvélsvelg ‘swallower of the wheel of the sky [SUN > TROLL]’ (l. 7), and in several of Bragi’s kennings in reply. Kock (NN §1095C and Skald) emends to auðsúð jǫtuns ‘wealth-plank of a giant [WOMAN > TROLL-WOMAN]’, thus providing a hending.

jǫtuns ‘of a giant’

(not checked:)
jǫtunn (noun m.; °jǫtuns, dat. jǫtni; jǫtnar): giant

kennings

notes

[3] auðsúg jǫtuns ‘wealth-sucker of a giant [TROLL-WOMAN]’: Again the reference is obscure. There may be an allusion to the kenning-type ‘mouthful of giants [GOLD]’ (cf. Bragi Frag 6/2-3) and a suggestion that troll-women could somehow suck out gold from the mouths of giants (perhaps in the course of a sexual encounter) or rob them of it by some other means. The alimentary element in this kenning finds a counterpart in himins hvélsvelg ‘swallower of the wheel of the sky [SUN > TROLL]’ (l. 7), and in several of Bragi’s kennings in reply. Kock (NN §1095C and Skald) emends to auðsúð jǫtuns ‘wealth-plank of a giant [WOMAN > TROLL-WOMAN]’, thus providing a hending.

él ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élsól (noun f.)

[4] élsólar: él ek sólar C

kennings

notes

[4] bǫl élsólar ‘trouble of the storm-sun [TROLL]’: Another reference to trolls as destroyers of heavenly bodies at Ragnarǫk. Kock (NN §1095D) emends to élsalar ‘of the storm hall [SKY/HEAVEN]’.

sólar ‘sun’

(not checked:)
sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun < élsól (noun f.)

[4] élsólar: él ek sólar C

kennings

notes

[4] bǫl élsólar ‘trouble of the storm-sun [TROLL]’: Another reference to trolls as destroyers of heavenly bodies at Ragnarǫk. Kock (NN §1095D) emends to élsalar ‘of the storm hall [SKY/HEAVEN]’.

bǫl ‘trouble’

(not checked:)
bǫl (noun n.; °-s, dat. bǫlvi): evil

kennings

notes

[4] bǫl élsólar ‘trouble of the storm-sun [TROLL]’: Another reference to trolls as destroyers of heavenly bodies at Ragnarǫk. Kock (NN §1095D) emends to élsalar ‘of the storm hall [SKY/HEAVEN]’.

vilsinn ‘delightful company’

(not checked:)
vílsinnr (noun m.): delightful company

kennings

notes

[5] vilsinn vǫlu ‘delightful company of a prophetess [TROLL-WOMAN]’: The first word may possibly be from vílsinnr ‘difficult journey’ (cf. LP), but it is not clear how this could form the base-word of a troll-kenning.

vǫlu ‘of a prophetess’

(not checked:)
vǫlva (noun f.; °vǫlu/vǫlvu; vǫlur/vǫlvur): seeress

kennings

notes

[5] vilsinn vǫlu ‘delightful company of a prophetess [TROLL-WOMAN]’: The first word may possibly be from vílsinnr ‘difficult journey’ (cf. LP), but it is not clear how this could form the base-word of a troll-kenning.

vǫrð ‘guardian’

(not checked:)
vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender

kennings

ná ‘of the corpse’

(not checked:)
nár (noun m.; °-s; -ir): corpse < náfjǫrðr (noun m.): corpse-fjord

[6] náfjarðar: ‘nattfara’ C

kennings

notes

[6] náfjarðar ‘of the corpse-fjord [GRAVE]’: Here (taking the reading of R), with Skj B and Faulkes (SnE 1998, I, 83), understood as a kenning for a grave. The cpd could also be construed as nafjarðar ‘hub-land [SHIELD]’ (cf. SnE 1998, II, 361: náfjǫrðr), though it is hard to see how this would yield a troll-kenning, or as nafjarðar < nǫf ‘brink, cliff-edge’ + jǫrð ‘earth, land’ (so NN §2458). Ms. C’s variant ‘nattfara’ could yield nôttfara ‘(guardian) of night-expeditions [TROLL-WOMAN]’, referring to the habit of such beings as active at night.

ná ‘of the corpse’

(not checked:)
nár (noun m.; °-s; -ir): corpse < náfjǫrðr (noun m.): corpse-fjord

[6] náfjarðar: ‘nattfara’ C

kennings

notes

[6] náfjarðar ‘of the corpse-fjord [GRAVE]’: Here (taking the reading of R), with Skj B and Faulkes (SnE 1998, I, 83), understood as a kenning for a grave. The cpd could also be construed as nafjarðar ‘hub-land [SHIELD]’ (cf. SnE 1998, II, 361: náfjǫrðr), though it is hard to see how this would yield a troll-kenning, or as nafjarðar < nǫf ‘brink, cliff-edge’ + jǫrð ‘earth, land’ (so NN §2458). Ms. C’s variant ‘nattfara’ could yield nôttfara ‘(guardian) of night-expeditions [TROLL-WOMAN]’, referring to the habit of such beings as active at night.

fjarðar ‘fjord’

(not checked:)
fjǫrðr (noun m.): fjord < náfjǫrðr (noun m.): corpse-fjord

[6] náfjarðar: ‘nattfara’ C

kennings

notes

[6] náfjarðar ‘of the corpse-fjord [GRAVE]’: Here (taking the reading of R), with Skj B and Faulkes (SnE 1998, I, 83), understood as a kenning for a grave. The cpd could also be construed as nafjarðar ‘hub-land [SHIELD]’ (cf. SnE 1998, II, 361: náfjǫrðr), though it is hard to see how this would yield a troll-kenning, or as nafjarðar < nǫf ‘brink, cliff-edge’ + jǫrð ‘earth, land’ (so NN §2458). Ms. C’s variant ‘nattfara’ could yield nôttfara ‘(guardian) of night-expeditions [TROLL-WOMAN]’, referring to the habit of such beings as active at night.

fjarðar ‘fjord’

(not checked:)
fjǫrðr (noun m.): fjord < náfjǫrðr (noun m.): corpse-fjord

[6] náfjarðar: ‘nattfara’ C

kennings

notes

[6] náfjarðar ‘of the corpse-fjord [GRAVE]’: Here (taking the reading of R), with Skj B and Faulkes (SnE 1998, I, 83), understood as a kenning for a grave. The cpd could also be construed as nafjarðar ‘hub-land [SHIELD]’ (cf. SnE 1998, II, 361: náfjǫrðr), though it is hard to see how this would yield a troll-kenning, or as nafjarðar < nǫf ‘brink, cliff-edge’ + jǫrð ‘earth, land’ (so NN §2458). Ms. C’s variant ‘nattfara’ could yield nôttfara ‘(guardian) of night-expeditions [TROLL-WOMAN]’, referring to the habit of such beings as active at night.

hvél ‘of the wheel’

(not checked:)
hvél (noun n.; °; -): wheel < hvélsvelgr (noun m.)

[7] hvél‑: hleif‑ C

kennings

notes

[7] himins hvélsvelg ‘swallower of the wheel of the sky [(lit. ‘wheel-swallower of the sky’) SUN > TROLL]’: Another inverted kenning referring to a troll (possibly in the shape of a wolf; cf. SnE 2005, 49) as the swallower of the sun at Ragnarǫk.

svelg ‘swallower’

(not checked:)
svelgr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; dat. -jum): swallower < hvélsvelgr (noun m.)

kennings

notes

[7] himins hvélsvelg ‘swallower of the wheel of the sky [(lit. ‘wheel-swallower of the sky’) SUN > TROLL]’: Another inverted kenning referring to a troll (possibly in the shape of a wolf; cf. SnE 2005, 49) as the swallower of the sun at Ragnarǫk.

svelg ‘swallower’

(not checked:)
svelgr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; dat. -jum): swallower < hvélsvelgr (noun m.)

kennings

notes

[7] himins hvélsvelg ‘swallower of the wheel of the sky [(lit. ‘wheel-swallower of the sky’) SUN > TROLL]’: Another inverted kenning referring to a troll (possibly in the shape of a wolf; cf. SnE 2005, 49) as the swallower of the sun at Ragnarǫk.

himins ‘of the sky’

(not checked:)
himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky

kennings

notes

[7] himins hvélsvelg ‘swallower of the wheel of the sky [(lit. ‘wheel-swallower of the sky’) SUN > TROLL]’: Another inverted kenning referring to a troll (possibly in the shape of a wolf; cf. SnE 2005, 49) as the swallower of the sun at Ragnarǫk.

himins ‘of the sky’

(not checked:)
himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky

kennings

notes

[7] himins hvélsvelg ‘swallower of the wheel of the sky [(lit. ‘wheel-swallower of the sky’) SUN > TROLL]’: Another inverted kenning referring to a troll (possibly in the shape of a wolf; cf. SnE 2005, 49) as the swallower of the sun at Ragnarǫk.

Hvats ‘What’s’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

troll ‘a troll’

(not checked:)
troll (noun n.; °-s; -): troll

nema ‘if not’

(not checked:)
2. nema (conj.): unless

þat ‘that’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those