Þul Skipa 9^III

Barð ‘Prow’

(not checked:)
barð (noun n.): prow, stern (of a ship)

notes

[1] barð (n.) ‘prow’: See Note to st. 3/3 above, as well as Falk (1912, 36) and Jesch (2001a, 148-50).

kné ‘knee’

(not checked:)
kné (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. knjá): knee, lap

notes

[1] kné (n.) ‘knee’: According to Falk (1912, 47; cf. also SnE 1998, II, 336), kné is the same as knélisti, and the latter term denotes a triangular bracket or a crooked piece of wood that fastens the end of a rowing-bench to the side of the ship. The word is not found in skaldic verse. Cf. ModEngl. knee, a piece of timber having a natural angular bend (OED: knee, n. II. 7.a.).

byrði ‘boarding’

(not checked:)
2. byrði (noun n.): [board]

[1] byrði: so C, A, bygði R, Tˣ, B

notes

[1] byrði (n.) ‘boarding’: So A, C. The name has the same meaning as borð ‘ship’s side, planking’ (Falk 1912, 51). The R, Tˣ, B variant, bygði (‘frame’?), must be a derivative from the weak verb byggja, byggva ‘build’, but that word does not appear in Icelandic sources with this meaning until the C15th (see CVC: byggja).

belti ‘belt’

(not checked:)
belti (noun n.; °-s; -): belt

notes

[2] belti (n.) ‘belt’: This word is otherwise not attested as a nautical term and the meaning is unclear (Falk 1912, 14).

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[2] ok: om. Tˣ, C

kinnungr ‘bow’

(not checked:)
kinnungr (noun m.; °; -ar): °skibsside; fals (i enden af en tømmerstok hvori en anden tømmerstok kan indpasses for at danne et hjørne i bygning)

[2] kinnungr: kinnungar C

notes

[2] kinnungr (m.) ‘bow’: Lit. ‘cheek’; see hlýr ‘bow’ (st. 7/3 above). Unlike hlýr, kinnungr is not used in verse (Falk 1912, 52; Jesch 2001a, 147 n. 51).

kjǫl ‘keel’

(not checked:)
kjǫlr (noun m.; °kjalar, dat. kili; kjǫlir): keel, ship < kjǫlborð (noun n.)

[3] kjǫl‑: kjǫlr Tˣ, A, B

notes

[3] kjǫlborð (n.) ‘keelboard’: The word has the same meaning as kjalborð or kjǫlsýja and denotes the plank next to the keel (see l. 4; Falk 1912, 52; SnE 1998, II, 335). Alternatively, this may have been two separate words rather than a cpd (so Tˣ, A, B and adopted in Skj B and Skald), kjǫlr ‘keel’ and borð ‘gunwale’, the latter of which is also used for ‘planking’ in general.

borð ‘board’

(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table < kjǫlborð (noun n.)

notes

[3] kjǫlborð (n.) ‘keelboard’: The word has the same meaning as kjalborð or kjǫlsýja and denotes the plank next to the keel (see l. 4; Falk 1912, 52; SnE 1998, II, 335). Alternatively, this may have been two separate words rather than a cpd (so Tˣ, A, B and adopted in Skj B and Skald), kjǫlr ‘keel’ and borð ‘gunwale’, the latter of which is also used for ‘planking’ in general.

keili ‘mast-wedge’

(not checked:)
keili (noun n.): °?trækile (til at fæstne masten)

notes

[3] keili (n.) ‘mast-wedge’: A wooden piece wedged between the mast partner and the mast (Falk 1912, 57).

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[4] ok: om. Tˣ

kjǫl ‘gar’

(not checked:)
kjǫlr (noun m.; °kjalar, dat. kili; kjǫlir): keel, ship < kjǫlsýja (noun f.)

notes

[4] kjǫlsýja (f.) ‘garboard’: Lit. ‘keel-suture’ (cf. sýjur ‘clenchings’ in st. 5/3 above). The second element of this word is spelled (normalised) ‑sýgja in R and Tˣ (cf. ModIcel. kjalsýgja, kjalsíða, kjalsúla ‘garboard’, Sigfús Blöndal 1920-4, Tavle II C, no. 13). For ModEngl. garboard, the first range of planks laid upon a ship’s bottom, next to the keel’, see OED: garboard, n. Like kjǫlborð (see l. 3 above), kjǫlsýja is the term for the plank next to the keel (Falk 1912, 52). The word does not occur elsewhere in poetry.

sýja ‘board’

(not checked:)
1. sýja (noun f.; °-u; -ur): planking, vessel < kjǫlsýja (noun f.)

[4] ‑sýja: so C, A, B, ‑sýgja R, Tˣ

notes

[4] kjǫlsýja (f.) ‘garboard’: Lit. ‘keel-suture’ (cf. sýjur ‘clenchings’ in st. 5/3 above). The second element of this word is spelled (normalised) ‑sýgja in R and Tˣ (cf. ModIcel. kjalsýgja, kjalsíða, kjalsúla ‘garboard’, Sigfús Blöndal 1920-4, Tavle II C, no. 13). For ModEngl. garboard, the first range of planks laid upon a ship’s bottom, next to the keel’, see OED: garboard, n. Like kjǫlborð (see l. 3 above), kjǫlsýja is the term for the plank next to the keel (Falk 1912, 52). The word does not occur elsewhere in poetry.

kraptar ‘bollards’

(not checked:)
krafti (noun m.; °-a): [bollard, planked]

[5] kraptar: kraptr B

notes

[5] kraptar (m. pl.) ‘bollards’: These were wooden pegs (sg. krapti) on each side of the hull at the stem and stern, to which one could attach the moorings (Falk 1912, 24-5; Jesch 2001a, 170).

kerling ‘keelson’

(not checked:)
kerling (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u, acc. -u/-; -ar): old woman

notes

[5] kerling (f.) ‘keelson’: Lit. ‘old woman’. The block of wood in the bottom of a ship in which the mast was fixed (Falk 1912, 56-7; SnE 1998, II, 334). In Old Norse, the word does not occur elsewhere as a nautical term.

klœr ‘claws’

(not checked:)
kló (noun f.; °-; klǿr): claw

[6] klœr: ‘[…]le᷎r’ B, ‘kle᷎r’ 744ˣ

notes

[6] klœr (f. pl.) ‘claws’: As a nautical term (sg. kló) the word is used with several meanings, namely (a) ‘an arm or fluke of an anchor’, (b) ‘an upper corner of a sail’, (c) ‘an arm (or arm of a bollard, krapti) extending above the side of a ship to tie a mooring-rope to’ and (d) ‘a loop for attaching a rope to the side of a sail’ (SnE 1998, II, 335). See Falk (1912, 24, 69). This heiti is not otherwise found in poetry as a nautical term.

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[6] ok: om. Tˣ

þoptur ‘rowing-benches’

(not checked:)
þofta (noun f.; °-u; -ur): thwart, rowing-bench

notes

[6] þoptur (f. pl.) ‘rowing-benches’: Þopta ‘rowing-bench’ was probably the same as the upper bitar ‘transoms’ (st. 8/7 above), which could be used as rowing-benches (Falk 1912, 71-2; Jesch 2001a, 151).

kal ‘tack’

[7] kal‑: om. C, ‘kíal‑’ B

notes

[7] kalreip (n.) ‘tack’: A rope attached to a sail to control its shape (to prevent it from shaking out the wind). The first element of the cpd is derived from the weak verb kala ‘lose the wind’ (cf. ModIcel. kelr seglið ‘the sail loses the wind’), and the second element is reip n. ‘rope’. For the Modern English nautical term ‘tack’, see OED: tack, n.¹, II., 5.a. The heiti is known only from the present þula (Falk 1912, 66-7). See also sikulgjǫrð ‘rope’ (st. 5/6).

reip ‘’

(not checked:)
reip (noun n.; °-s; -): rope < kalreip (noun n.)

[7] ‑reip: om. C

notes

[7] kalreip (n.) ‘tack’: A rope attached to a sail to control its shape (to prevent it from shaking out the wind). The first element of the cpd is derived from the weak verb kala ‘lose the wind’ (cf. ModIcel. kelr seglið ‘the sail loses the wind’), and the second element is reip n. ‘rope’. For the Modern English nautical term ‘tack’, see OED: tack, n.¹, II., 5.a. The heiti is known only from the present þula (Falk 1912, 66-7). See also sikulgjǫrð ‘rope’ (st. 5/6).

þrimir ‘gunwales’

[7] þrimir: þremir C

notes

[7] þrimir ‘gunwales’: This must be the pl. form of an unattested noun *þrim f. ‘brim, edge, rail’, which had the same meaning as m. þrǫmr (pl. þremir; so C). Only þrǫmr and the pl. form þremir are found elsewhere in poetry (see LP: þrǫmr 3).

klofar ‘cleats’

(not checked:)
klofi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): °(Fr def. 4 “træblok” beror tolkning af første del af komp. klofarúm som mastefisk, cf. def. 2 ovenfor); gaffelformet krampe på dørkarm, (cf. Fr4); (ved mast midt på skibet) rum, cf. Robberstad 1970 [KLNM 15] 365, Falk 1912 57; (lukket) opbevar

[8] klofar: so Tˣ, A, B, ‘klo var’ R, kalfar C

notes

[8] klofar (m. pl.) ‘cleats’: Cleats or slats used to fix a tent on board ship (from the strong verb kljúfa ‘cleave’). See Falk (1912, 11). The sg. form klofi is also a term for the fixing of the mast (Falk 1912, 57) as well as for the area around the mast (Falk 1912, 84). See also SnE 1998, II, 335-6. This word is not otherwise found in poetry.

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[8] ok: om. Tˣ

þiljur ‘decking’

(not checked:)
1. þilja (noun f.; °-u; -ur): planking, decking

notes

[8] þiljur (f. pl.) ‘decking’: Þilja (sg.) was a deck-plank (Falk 1912, 48), and the word is used in skaldic verse (see Jesch 2001a, 151).