Þul Veðra 2^III

Gǫnsurr, gráði,         gol, ofviðri,
gjósta, grindill,         gæla ok óhljóðr,
gneggjuðr, gǫnsuðr,         gœ, dynfari,
hlǫmmuðr, ganrekr,         húsbrjótr ok þjótr.

Gǫnsurr, gráði, gol, ofviðri, gjósta, grindill, gæla ok óhljóðr, gneggjuðr, gǫnsuðr, gœ, dynfari, hlǫmmuðr, ganrekr, húsbrjótr ok þjótr.

Rushing one, zephyr, steady wind, flurry, flaw, destroyer, whiff and un-silent one, neigher, rusher, winter-weather, din-farer, roarer, one driven by witchcraft, house-destroyer and howler.

Mss: A(20v), B(9v), 744ˣ(84v) (SnE)

Readings: [2] ‑viðri: ‘‑vid[…]e’ B, ‘‑vidre’ 744ˣ    [3] grindill: ‘g[…]dill’ B, ‘grinndill’ 744ˣ    [4] óhljóðr: so B, óljóðr A    [5] gneggjuðr gǫnsuðr: ‘geíg[…]o᷎nsudr’ B, ‘geíguðr go᷎nsudr’ 744ˣ    [6] gœ: ‘g[…]’ B, ‘ge᷎’ 744ˣ;    ‑fari: ‘‑fa[…]’ B, ‘‑fare’ 744ˣ    [7] hlǫmmuðr: ‘hlo᷎mmu[…]’ B, ‘hlo᷎mmudr’ 744ˣ;    ‑rekr: ‘‑rek[…]’ B, ‑rekr 744ˣ

Editions: Skj AI, 683, Skj BI, 674, Skald I, 339; SnE 1848-87, II, 486, 569.

Notes: [All]: In contrast to the content of the first stanza, many words collected here never appear in other sources than the present þula and the prose list in Skm. The following heiti are also listed in A(14v) (SnE 1848-87, II, 459): gráði m. ‘zephyr’ (l. 1), gol n. ‘steady wind’ (l. 2), óhljóðr m. ‘un-silent one’ (l. 4), gǫnsuðr m. ‘rusher’ (l. 5), ganrekr m. ‘one driven by witchcraft’ (l. 7) and þjótr m. ‘howler’ (l. 8). — [1] gǫnsurr (m.) ‘rushing one’: A hap. leg., most likely related to the weak verb gana ‘rush’ (cf. New Norw. gona ‘a strong gust’; AEW: gǫnsuðr, gǫnsurr). Cf. gǫnsuðr ‘rusher’ (l. 5 below). Neither heiti is used in Old Norse poetry, but gǫnsuðr appears several times as a term for ‘wind’ in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: gǫnsuðr). — [1] gráði (m.) ‘zephyr’: This heiti does not appear elsewhere in skaldic poetry, but gráð n. ‘storm’ is used in the rímur in kennings for ‘battle’ and ‘mind’ (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: gráð). — [2] gol (n.) ‘steady wind’: This heiti does not otherwise occur in poetry. — [3] grindill (m.) ‘destroyer’: A hap. leg., perhaps related to OE grindan ‘break up, splinter’ (from Gmc *grenda-; see ÍO: grindill 1). — [4] gæla (f.) ‘whiff’: A hap. leg., most likely a term for a very light wind (cf. New Norw. gjæle ‘breeze’; ÍO: gæla 1). — [4] óhljóðr (m.) ‘un-silent one’: So B. Ms. A(20v) has the variant óljóðr but óhljóðr A(14v). This heiti, which is either an adj. or a substantivised adj., is not attested in poetry. — [5] gneggjuðr (m.) ‘neigher’: In Alv 20/3 (NK 127), this is a term for ‘wind’ among the gods (kalla gneggiuð ginregin; see also Skm, SnE 1998, I, 90), from the weak verb gneggja ‘neigh’ (see Kommentar III, 345-6). For the 744ˣ (B) variant geiguðr, cf. geigr ‘hurt’, geiga ‘swing’ (see Óðinn’s name Geiguðr in Þul Óðins 3/7 and Note there). Neither variant is otherwise used in poetry. — [5] gǫnsuðr (m.) ‘rusher’: See Note to l. 1 above. — [6] gœ (f.) ‘winter-weather’: The word must be related to gói (ModIcel. góa), the name of a winter month (see ÍO: gæ, gœ), and it is not used elsewhere as a term for ‘weather’ or ‘wind’. — [6] dynfari (m.) ‘din-farer’: So both mss (and A(14v) of Skm (m. acc. sg. ‘dynfara’); ms. R(37v) and Tˣ(39r) of Skm has m. sg. acc. gnýfara ‘din-farer’ and C(7r) dynfagra ‘din-fair’). In Alv 20/5 dynfari is the term for ‘wind’ in the language of the elves.  The word is not otherwise found in skaldic poetry, but it is attested once in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: dynfari). — [7] hlǫmmuðr (m.) ‘roarer’: This agent noun is derived from the weak verb hlamma ‘give a dull, heavy sound’. In the stanza from Alv cited in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 90, see also 146 n.), this is the name for ‘wind’ in Hel: heitir í Heliu hlummuðr ‘it is called hlummuðr in Hel’ (spelled ‘hlavmmvðr’ R(37v), ‘hlumudr’ Tˣ(39r) and ‘hlǫmmvðr’ A(14v)). Ms. C(7r) of Skm and the Codex Regius version of the Poetic Edda (Alv 20/6) have the variant hviðuðr m. ‘stormer’ (from the weak verb hviða ‘blast, gust’; see Güntert 1921, 145). The wind-heiti hlǫmmuðr does not occur elsewhere. — [7] ganrekr (m.) ‘one driven by witchcraft’: The correct form of this heiti is most likely gandrekr ‘one driven by witchcraft’ (a gale brought about by witchcraft; cf. LP: gandrekr, so also Skald). Alternatively, the word could be interpreted as ‘noise-driver’ (if so, from gan n. ‘yawn, shout, noise, foolish behaviour’ and the verb gana ‘open up, gape’, ‘be greedy, pursue sby greedily’, ‘stare’). Mss A(14v, 20v) and B have gan- without any variants. — [8] húsbrjótr (m.) ‘house-destroyer’: A cpd, not attested elsewhere, whose first element is the noun hús n. ‘house’ plus the agent noun brjótr m. ‘breaker’ (from the strong verb brjóta ‘break’). — [8] þjótr (m.) ‘howler’: The heiti is an agent noun derived from the strong verb þjóta ‘emit a whistling sound, howl’ and it is also given in A(14v), but it is never used as a heiti for ‘wind’ in poetry.

References

1. Bibliography
2. SnE 1848-87 = Snorri Sturluson. 1848-87. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Edda Snorronis Sturlaei. Ed. Jón Sigurðsson et al. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Legatum Arnamagnaeanum. Rpt. Osnabrück: Zeller, 1966.
3. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
4. AEW = Vries, Jan de. 1962. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 2nd rev. edn. Rpt. 1977. Leiden: Brill.
5. LP = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1931. Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis: Ordbog over det norsk-islandske skjaldesprog oprindelig forfattet af Sveinbjörn Egilsson. 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Møller.
6. Finnur Jónsson. 1926-8. Ordbog til de af samfund til udg. af gml. nord. litteratur udgivne Rímur samt til de af Dr. O. Jiriczek udgivne Bósarímur. SUGNL 51. Copenhagen: Jørgensen.
7. NK = Neckel, Gustav and Hans Kuhn (1899), eds. 1983. Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern. 2 vols. I: Text. 5th edn. Heidelberg: Winter.
8. ÍO = Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon. 1989. Íslensk orðsifjabók. Reykjavík: Orðabók Háskólans.
9. Kommentar = See, Klaus von et al. 1997-2012. Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda. 7 vols. Heidelberg: Winter.
10. SnE 1998 = Snorri Sturluson. 1998. Edda: Skáldskaparmál. Ed. Anthony Faulkes. 2 vols. University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
11. Güntert, Hermann. 1921. Von der Sprache der Götter und Geister. Halle (Saale): Niemeyer.
12. Internal references
13. (forthcoming), ‘ Snorri Sturluson, Skáldskaparmál’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=112> (accessed 16 April 2024)
14. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Óðins nǫfn 3’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 739.
15. Not published: do not cite ()