Þul Konunga 3III
Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Konunga heiti 3’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 690.
Sinjórr ‘Seigneur’
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senjórr (noun m.): [Seigneur]
notes
[1] sinjórr (m.) ‘seigneur’: In the mss this word is spelled ‘Sinnioʀ’ (A) and ‘Sínnior’ (B), while Skm has sinnjór eða senjór (SnE 1998, I, 100). This is a loan word (< OFr. seignor < Lat. seniorem ‘lord’), first used and perhaps introduced by Sigvatr Þórðarson, in whose poetry this honorific occurs in two different forms: sinjórr (Sigv Berv 18/4II) and synjórr (Sigv ErfÓl 8/4I). The word survives in Modern Icelandic as signor, the title of a hreppstjóri ‘overseer’ of a hrepp(u)r (‘poor-law district’, now ‘parish’).
siklingr ‘prince’
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siklingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
[1] siklingr: ‘si[…]gr’ B, siklingr 744ˣ
notes
[1] siklingr (m.) ‘prince’: In Skm, the Siklingar are the descendants of Sigarr, a son of Hálfdan gamli (see Introduction above), or, as Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 387) suggests, the descendants of Óðinn’s son Sigi/Siggi. According to AEW, siklingr is derived from the pers. n. Sikki (cf. OHG Siccho).
sjóli ‘chieftain’
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sjóli (noun m.): ruler, chieftain, king
[2] sjóli: ‘s[…]i’ B, ‘skvle’ 744ˣ
notes
[2] sjóli (m.) ‘chieftain’: Other than in this þula, the word occurs only once in older poetry (Eil Þdr 10/3), but later it reappears in the rímur and becomes frequent in modern lays (see CVC: sjóli). The etymology of this heiti is uncertain. Noreen (1890, 311) believed that it is derived from Gmc *sebul- (cf. MHG unsivel ‘unfriendly’), while Alexander Jóhannesson (1951-6, 771) thought it might be related to sær/sjór ‘sea’, and hence possibly ‘a sea-king’. Ms. B is no longer legible here (‘s[…]i’), but 744ˣ offers ‘skvle’ i.e. the pers. n. Skúli, who is also listed in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 101) among the sons of Hálfdan gamli (see Introduction above). That word is otherwise not attested as a heiti for ‘king’ in poetry.
ræsir ‘impeller’
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ræsir (noun m.): ruler
notes
[2] ræsir (m.) ‘impeller’: A poetic word for ‘ruler’, and the name of one of the sons of Hálfdan gamli (see Introduction above). Falk (1889c, 258) argues that ræsir is a loanword from OE ræswa ‘leader’, but it is more likely to be an agent noun from the weak verb ræsa ‘set in motion’ (so AEW: ræsir; Björn Magnússon Ólsen 1923, 105-6). If so, it must be identical with the word ræsir which frequently occurs as a base-word in kennings for ‘man’ or ‘warrior’, where it is used in its literal sense (‘one who sets in motion, impeller’).
skjǫldungr ‘descendant of Skjǫldr’
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skjǫldungr (noun m.): king
notes
[3] skjǫldungr (m.) ‘descendant of Skjǫldr’: As a common noun this is a poetic word for ‘ruler’. In Norse tradition the Skjǫldungar were the kings of Denmark, the descendants of Skjǫldr, a son of Óðinn (cf. Hkr, ÍF 26, 15; ÍF 35, 14; SnE 1998, I, 103). See also OE Scyld and Scyldingas/Scildingas (Beowulf 2008, 471). The name Skjǫldr must be derived from the common noun skjǫldr m. ‘shield’. It has been suggested that the word could have originated in the sense ‘shield-carrier’ (so LP: skjǫldungr), although that is uncertain (skjǫldungr is not an agent noun). See also hilmir ‘helmet-provider’ (st. 2/3).
skilfingr ‘descendant of Skelfir’
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skilfingr (noun m.): lord, king
notes
[3] skilfingr (m.) ‘descendant of Skelfir’: A poetic word for ‘ruler’ from the name of a royal dynasty, the Skilfingar ‘descendants of Skelfir’ (SnE 1998, I, 103). Cf. the OE Scylfingas/Scilfingas, members of a Swedish dynasty and denoting the Swedes in Beowulf (see Beowulf 2008, 471-2). Skilfingr is also a name for Óðinn (Þul Óðins 8/5) and a sword-heiti (Þul Sverða 7/3).
skyli ‘protector’
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skyli (noun m.): lord
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
yngvi ‘yngvi’
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Yngvi (noun m.): Yngvi, prince
notes
[4] yngvi (m.): As a common noun the word is used for ‘ruler’ in general. It was originally a pers. n. of various legendary kings and heroes (for a discussion of Yngvi and the Ynglingar, the kings of Norway, see Introduction to Þjóð YtI). In Skm (SnE 1998, I, 103), Yngvi is a son of Hálfdan gamli and the ancestor of the Ynglingar, although the same section of Skm also gives Yngvarr as their ancestor. Yngvi is listed among the names of the sea-kings in Þul Sækonunga 4/8 (see Note there).
ylfingr ‘one of the Ylfingar’
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ylfingr (noun m.): [one of Ylfingar]
notes
[5] ylfingr (m.) ‘one of the Ylfingar’: The Ylfingar belonged to a legendary royal family (SnE 1998, I, 103), and the OE Wylfingas/Wilfingas in Beowulf were members of a Germanic tribe probably occupying a territory south of the Baltic (see Beowulf 2008, 473). In poetry the word is never used in the sg. form as a common noun.
eru ‘have been’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[6] eru nú talið: ok eru nú talin B
hǫfuð ‘of the highest’
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hǫfuð (noun n.; °-s; -): head < hǫfuðskjǫldungr (noun m.): [principal kings]
skjǫldunga ‘ rulers’
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skjǫldungr (noun m.): king < hǫfuðskjǫldungr (noun m.): [principal kings]
[7] ‑skjǫldunga: ‘skio᷎lldunng[…]’ B, ‘skio᷎lldunga’ 744ˣ
nǫkkur ‘some’
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nøkkurr (pron.): some, a certain
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