Þul Konunga 1III
Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Konunga heiti 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 687.
haukstalda ‘of noblemen’
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haukstaldr (noun m.): [noblemen]
[1] haukstalda: ‘h[…]kstallda’ B, ‘haukstallda’ 744ˣ
notes
[1] haukstalda (m. gen. pl.) ‘of noblemen’: From Gmc *haga-, *hagi-, *hagu- ‘small plot of fenced-in land’ and *-staldaz (cf. Goth. gastaldan ‘receive, obtain’). In Old Norse, the word is attested in the gen. pl. only. ON haukstalda must be cognate with OHG hagustalt and OE hagosteald ‘one living in the lord’s house, an unmarried person, young warrior’ (cf. the runic name Hagustaldaʀ in the Norwegian Valsfjord inscription, c. 400 (RäF 55)). Because the expected Old Norse form is *hǫgstaldr, it is likely that the first element of the cpd, hagu-, was at some point confused with haukr m. ‘hawk, valiant man’ (AEW: haukstaldr, haukstallr). On the use of haukr to refer to warriors or noblemen, see Note to Arn Hryn 3/5II.
heiti ‘the names’
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heiti (noun n.): name, promise
segja ‘say’
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segja (verb): say, tell
allvaldr ‘all-powerful one’
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allvaldr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): mighty ruler
[3] allvaldr: ‘[…]ualldr’ B, ‘allualdr’ 744ˣ
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
afraki ‘prince’
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afraki (noun m.): [prince]
notes
[4] afraki (m.) ‘prince’: The word is found only in this þula and its origin is obscure; cf. also ‑rekr (in folkrekr ‘folk-ruler’) and ‑reki (in landreki ‘land-ruler’, st. 2/6). According to de Vries, ‑raki is related to the weak verb rekja ‘straighten out’ (for other possible explanations, see AEW: raki 2 and ÍO: ‑raki).
bragningr ‘ruler’
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bragningr (noun m.; °; -ar): prince, ruler
[5] bragningr: ‘bragning[…]’ B, bragningr 744ˣ
ǫðlingr ‘nobleman’
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ǫðlingr (noun m.; °; -ar): prince, ruler
notes
[5, 7] ǫðlingr (m.) ‘nobleman’: A prince or a leader; from Gmc *aðulingaz (cf. aðal ‘nature’ and ‘chief’ (in compounds); AEW: ǫðlingr). According to Skm (SnE 1998, I, 103), the Ǫðlingar were descendants of Auði, a son of Hálfdan gamli (see Introduction above), but the words Auði and ǫðlingr are not etymologically related. Because ǫðlingr is mentioned twice in this stanza, Kock (NN §2160; Skald) suggests the reading auðlingr in l. 7, but that reading has no support in the ms. witnesses. Ms. A has identical readings in both lines (‘ø̨ðlingr’); the word is omitted in l. 7 in ms. B.
buðlungr ‘descendant of Buðli’
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buðlungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, prince
notes
[6] buðlungr, dǫglingr ‘descendant of Buðli, descendant of Dagr’: Poetic designations for ‘prince’ from Buðlungar ‘descendants of Buðli’ and Daglingar ‘descendants of Dagr’. Both Dagr and Buðli are legendary kings, sons of Hálfdan gamli ‘the Old’ (Skm, SnE 1998, I, 103; see also Ættartölur in Flat 1860-8, I, 25 and Introduction above). Buðli could be the father of the legendary king Atli Buðlason (see Akv and Am), and there are also several kings of the name Dagr.
dǫglingr ‘descendant of Dagr’
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dǫglingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
[6] dǫglingr: ‘do᷎g[…]inngr’ B, ‘do᷎gglinngr’ 744ˣ
notes
[6] buðlungr, dǫglingr ‘descendant of Buðli, descendant of Dagr’: Poetic designations for ‘prince’ from Buðlungar ‘descendants of Buðli’ and Daglingar ‘descendants of Dagr’. Both Dagr and Buðli are legendary kings, sons of Hálfdan gamli ‘the Old’ (Skm, SnE 1998, I, 103; see also Ættartölur in Flat 1860-8, I, 25 and Introduction above). Buðli could be the father of the legendary king Atli Buðlason (see Akv and Am), and there are also several kings of the name Dagr.
notes
[5, 7] ǫðlingr (m.) ‘nobleman’: A prince or a leader; from Gmc *aðulingaz (cf. aðal ‘nature’ and ‘chief’ (in compounds); AEW: ǫðlingr). According to Skm (SnE 1998, I, 103), the Ǫðlingar were descendants of Auði, a son of Hálfdan gamli (see Introduction above), but the words Auði and ǫðlingr are not etymologically related. Because ǫðlingr is mentioned twice in this stanza, Kock (NN §2160; Skald) suggests the reading auðlingr in l. 7, but that reading has no support in the ms. witnesses. Ms. A has identical readings in both lines (‘ø̨ðlingr’); the word is omitted in l. 7 in ms. B.
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
gramr ‘fierce one’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
notes
[7] gramr (m.) ‘fierce one’: Also listed as a heiti for ‘sword’ (Þul Sverða 1/5). In Skm (SnE 1998, I, 101), this and the following two heiti for ‘king’, jǫfurr ‘prince’ and tyggi ‘chieftain’ (l. 8), along with harri ‘lord’ (st. 2/1), hilmir ‘helmet-provider’ (st. 2/3), þengill ‘chieftain’ (st. 2/7), ræsir ‘impeller’ (st. 3/2) and skyli ‘protector’ (st. 3/4), are given as the names of the sons of Hálfdan gamli (see also Ættartölur in Flat 1860-8, I, 24-5 and Introduction above).
jǫfurr ‘prince’
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
notes
[8] jǫfurr (m.) ‘prince’: A poetic term for ‘ruler’ from Gmc *eburaz ‘wild boar’ (see AEW: jǫfurr). In Skm (SnE 1998, I, 103), this is a son of Hálfdan gamli (see Introduction above). In North Germanic, the later forms of Gmc *eburaz occur only in personal names and poetic designations for ‘ruler’, whereas in West Germanic the word denotes the animal itself (‘wild boar’) as well. OE Eofor is also attested as a pers. n. (see Beowulf 2008, 466).
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
tyggi ‘chieftain’
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tyggi (noun m.): prince, sovereign
notes
[8] tyggi (m.) ‘chieftain’: A poetic word for ‘ruler’, derived from a weak verb *tugja- (AEW: tyggi) and etymologically related to ‑togi in hertogi ‘army-leader’, st. 2/2 below, ultimately derived from the strong verb *teuhan (cf. Goth. tiuhan ‘pull, tear’, etc.). The spelling of this word in most later mss (including mss A, B of the present stanza) is ‘tiggi’, while tyggi is the form secured by internal rhyme. Tiggi rhyming with ‑igg- is first attested in SnSt Ht 74/2, and that form becomes regular after 1200 (see LP: tyggi). Tiggi is also the name of a son of Hálfdan gamli (see Introduction above, Flat 1860-8, I, 25), and that may be an etymologically different word which is most likely related to tiginn m. ‘high-born’, tign f. ‘highness, honour’ (see ÍO: tyggi).
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