Þul Jǫtna I 6III
Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Jǫtna heiti I 6’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 716.
Beinviðr ‘Beinviðr’
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beinviðr (noun m.; °dat. -i): beinviðr
[1] Beinviðr: ‘B[…]ínuidr’ B, ‘Beínuiðr’ 744ˣ
notes
[1] Beinviðr: Not known from other sources as the name of a giant. The first element of the cpd, Bein-, may be connected either with bein n. ‘leg, bone’ or with the adj. beinn ‘straight’, and the second element must be the same word as viðr m. ‘tree, wood’. This giant-name is probably not the same as the tree-name beinviðr ‘holly’ (Þul Viðar 1/8; see Finnur Jónsson 1934-5, 298, but cf. ÍO: beinviður). Alternatively, the correct reading could be Beinvíðr ‘big-legged one’.
Bjǫrgolfr ‘Bjǫrgólfr’
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Bjǫrgólfr (noun m.): Bjǫrgólfr
[1] Bjǫrgolfr: ‘bio᷎r[…]fr’ B, ‘bio᷎rgolfr’ 744ˣ
notes
[1] Bjǫrgolfr: Not mentioned elsewhere in skaldic poetry, but it is attested in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: Bjǫrgólfr). According to Finnur Jónsson (1934-5, 303), the name (from bjǫrg n. pl. ‘mountains and úlfr ‘wolf’) is modelled on the same pattern as such giant-kennings as fjallgylðir ‘mountain-wolf [GIANT]’ Þjóð Haustl 4/1. Less convincing is Motz’s (1984, 181) suggestion that the first element of the cpd is derived from bjǫrg f. ‘help, salvation’ (or ‘stores, provisions, food’; ÍO: Bjǫrg- 2), hence perhaps ‘help-wolf’.
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
Brandingi ‘Brandingi’
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Brandingi (noun m.): Brandingi
notes
[2] Brandingi: An unknown legendary hero in Anon Mhkv 8/2 (see Note there), who is probably not identical with the giant listed here. Brandingi is derived from brandr m. ‘fire’ (cf. other names of giants with the same meaning, e.g. Eldr, st. 5/5).
Dumbr ‘Dumbr’
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Dumbr (noun m.): Dumbr
[3] Dumbr: so Tˣ, C, 744ˣ, ‘dvmr’ R, ‘dvmbr’ or ‘dvnbr’ A, ‘dum[…]’ B
notes
[3] Dumbr: So Tˣ, C, 744ˣ. Lit. ‘dumb one’, or derived from dumba f. ‘mist’. If the latter derivation is correct, Dumbr, like the preceding name, Brandingi, is one of the giant-names connected with atmospheric phenomena or natural forces (Motz 1987, 304). The R variant ‘dvmr’ must be a scribal error. As a giant-name, Dumbr occurs only here, in Allra flagða þula (see Introduction) and in the rímur (Frinnur Jónsson 1926-8: Dumbr), but there is a king of this name in Egils saga einhenda (ch. 3, FSN III, 398: Dumbr konungr úr Dumbshafi ‘King Dumbr from Dumbshaf’). The p. n. Dumbshaf (lit. ‘Dumbr’s Sea’) is known from other sources (e.g. Flat 1860-8, I, 22).
Bergelmir ‘Bergelmir’
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Bergelmir (noun m.): Bergelmir
[3] Bergelmir: ‘b[…]mir’ B, bergelmir 744ˣ
notes
[3] Bergelmir: Ymir’s grandson and the progenitor of the frost-giants (Vafþr 29/3, 35/3; Gylf, SnE 2005, 11). The first element ber- is either from the root *ber- in bjǫrn m. ‘bear’ or from berg n. ‘rock’; hence ‘bear-screamer’ or, alternatively, ‘rock-screamer’ (cf. ÍO: Bergelmir). For the second element ‑gelmir ‘noise-maker’, see Þrúðgelmir (st. 2/7). The name does not otherwise appear in skaldic poetry.
notes
[4] Dofri: Lit. ‘one who lives on Dovrefjell (Dofrafjall)’ (a mountain range in Norway). This is a giant in Haralds þáttr hárfagra (Flat 1860-8, I, 564-6, 571), with whom the future king spent five years (see also Illuga saga Tagldarbana ch. 1-3, Guðni Jónsson 1946-9, 3, 23-43). The name is derived from dofra-, gen. pl. of Dofrar, which was perhaps reanalysed as a gen. sg. of dofri (Finnur Jónsson 1934-5, 300). The name does not occur in Old Norse poetry but is found in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: dofri) and in modern Scandinavian folklore (see Motz 1984, 177 n. 12).
Miðjungr ‘Miðjungr’
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Miðjungr (noun m.; °; -ar): Miðjungr, giants
[4] Miðjungr: miðningr Tˣ, ‘midi[…]nngr’ B, ‘miðiunngr’ 744ˣ
notes
[4] Miðjungr: From miðja f. ‘middle’. It has been suggested that this may be the name of intermediate beings or mediators between the giants and the gods (Finnur Jónsson 1934-5, 302; cf. also Miði, Þul Jǫtna II 3/4). The name occurs in kennings for ‘giants’ (Þjóð Haustl 8/7-8) and in man-kennings (LP: miðjungr; see also Note to Eskál Vell 28/2I). Miðjungr ‘middler’ is a heiti for ‘ram’ (Þul Hrúts l. 9). In the rímur, Miðjungr appears to be the name of a dwarf (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: miðjungr).
notes
[5] Nati: An obscure name not known from other sources. According to Finnur Jónsson (1934-5, 302), it might be either a m. form of nata f. ‘nettle’ (cf. New Norw. ‑nata > netla ‘knit’) or the weak form of an adj. *natr ‘wet’ (OHG naz). Motz (1987, 310) derives the word from nata f. ‘spear’.
Søkkmímir ‘Søkkmímir’
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Søkkmímir (noun m.): Søkkmímir
[5] Søkkmímir: so Tˣ, ‘sekmimir’ R, sægrímnir C, ‘sǫkmimir’ A, ‘soknmimir’ B
notes
[5] Søkkmímir: Or Sǫk- (so Skj B). In Grí 50/2, Søkkmímir is an old giant visited by Óðinn (cf. Sǫkmímir in Þjóð Yt 2/10I). For the second element of the cpd, see Mímir (st. 1/3). The first element is perhaps søkkr m. ‘sunken position’ or derived from the strong verb søkkva ‘sink’ (< Gmc *sinkvan) or from the weak verb søkkva ‘cause sth. to sink’ (< Gmc *sankwian). In CVC: sǫkk the name is glossed as ‘the giant of the deep’. Although variant spellings with <ǫ> occur, the stem vowel is <ø> (see also the spelling in ms. R ‘sekmimir’). In ms. C, Søkkmímir is replaced by Sægrímnir ‘sea-Grímnir’ (cf. Grímnir in st. 1/6, 2/4 above and Sæhrímnir, a mythical boar in Grí 18/3).
notes
[6-8] nú eru upp talið heiti ámáttligra jǫtna ‘now the names of mighty giants have been enumerated’: In an attempt to merge Þul Jǫtna I and Þul Jǫtna II, this concluding formula has been omitted in mss A and B and transferred to the last stanza of the second þula of giants’ names (Þul Jǫtna II st. 3). In its place, the first two lines of Þul Jǫtna II (enn eru eptir | jǫtna heiti ‘still there are names of giants to come’) have been added after l. 6.
eru ‘have been’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[6] nú eru upp talið: so Tˣ, nú er upp talit R, C, om. A, B
notes
[6-8] nú eru upp talið heiti ámáttligra jǫtna ‘now the names of mighty giants have been enumerated’: In an attempt to merge Þul Jǫtna I and Þul Jǫtna II, this concluding formula has been omitted in mss A and B and transferred to the last stanza of the second þula of giants’ names (Þul Jǫtna II st. 3). In its place, the first two lines of Þul Jǫtna II (enn eru eptir | jǫtna heiti ‘still there are names of giants to come’) have been added after l. 6.
notes
[6-8] nú eru upp talið heiti ámáttligra jǫtna ‘now the names of mighty giants have been enumerated’: In an attempt to merge Þul Jǫtna I and Þul Jǫtna II, this concluding formula has been omitted in mss A and B and transferred to the last stanza of the second þula of giants’ names (Þul Jǫtna II st. 3). In its place, the first two lines of Þul Jǫtna II (enn eru eptir | jǫtna heiti ‘still there are names of giants to come’) have been added after l. 6.
talið ‘enumerated’
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telja (verb): tell, count
[6] nú eru upp talið: so Tˣ, nú er upp talit R, C, om. A, B
notes
[6-8] nú eru upp talið heiti ámáttligra jǫtna ‘now the names of mighty giants have been enumerated’: In an attempt to merge Þul Jǫtna I and Þul Jǫtna II, this concluding formula has been omitted in mss A and B and transferred to the last stanza of the second þula of giants’ names (Þul Jǫtna II st. 3). In its place, the first two lines of Þul Jǫtna II (enn eru eptir | jǫtna heiti ‘still there are names of giants to come’) have been added after l. 6.
ámáttligra ‘of mighty’
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ámáttligr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -astr): [mighty]
[7] ámáttligra: enn eru eptir A, B
notes
[6-8] nú eru upp talið heiti ámáttligra jǫtna ‘now the names of mighty giants have been enumerated’: In an attempt to merge Þul Jǫtna I and Þul Jǫtna II, this concluding formula has been omitted in mss A and B and transferred to the last stanza of the second þula of giants’ names (Þul Jǫtna II st. 3). In its place, the first two lines of Þul Jǫtna II (enn eru eptir | jǫtna heiti ‘still there are names of giants to come’) have been added after l. 6.
jǫtna ‘giants’
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jǫtunn (noun m.; °jǫtuns, dat. jǫtni; jǫtnar): giant
notes
[6-8] nú eru upp talið heiti ámáttligra jǫtna ‘now the names of mighty giants have been enumerated’: In an attempt to merge Þul Jǫtna I and Þul Jǫtna II, this concluding formula has been omitted in mss A and B and transferred to the last stanza of the second þula of giants’ names (Þul Jǫtna II st. 3). In its place, the first two lines of Þul Jǫtna II (enn eru eptir | jǫtna heiti ‘still there are names of giants to come’) have been added after l. 6.
heiti ‘the names’
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heiti (noun n.): name, promise
notes
[6-8] nú eru upp talið heiti ámáttligra jǫtna ‘now the names of mighty giants have been enumerated’: In an attempt to merge Þul Jǫtna I and Þul Jǫtna II, this concluding formula has been omitted in mss A and B and transferred to the last stanza of the second þula of giants’ names (Þul Jǫtna II st. 3). In its place, the first two lines of Þul Jǫtna II (enn eru eptir | jǫtna heiti ‘still there are names of giants to come’) have been added after l. 6.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
[8]: In R, continuationem vide […] | infra post lineas xiij ‘see continuation […] below after thirteen lines’ has been added at the end of this line with a different ink and in a later hand.
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