Þul Waves 1III
Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Heiti for waves 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 997.
Drǫfn ‘Drǫfn’
(not checked:)
Drǫfn (noun f.): wave, Drǫfn
notes
[1] Drǫfn: See Notes to Þul Sjóvar 4 [All] and 4/5.
skylr ‘washes’
(not checked:)
skylja (verb): [washes, rinses]
stál ‘the prow’
(not checked:)
1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow
notes
[1] stál ‘prow’: Although the word occurs frequently in skaldic poetry, it is not mentioned in Þul Skipa.
þars ‘where’
(not checked:)
þars (conj.): where
stafni ‘the stem’
(not checked:)
stafn (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): prow
straumfylgin ‘the stream-following’
(not checked:)
straumfylginn (adj.): [stream-following]
þvær ‘rinses’
(not checked:)
1. þvá (verb): wash
Bylgja ‘Bylgja’
(not checked:)
bylgja (noun f.; °-u; -ur, gen. bylgna): wave
notes
[2] Bylgja: See Note to Þul Sjóvar 4 [All].
Hefring ‘Hefring’
(not checked:)
hefring (noun f.): hefring
notes
[3] Hefring: See Notes to Þul Sjóvar 4 [All] and ESk Frag 17/7.
brestr ‘breaks’
(not checked:)
1. bresta (verb; °brestr; brast, brustu; brostinn): burst, split
en ‘and’
(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and
hristir ‘shakes’
(not checked:)
hrista (verb): shake
Himinglæva ‘Himinglæva’
(not checked:)
himinglæva (noun f.): himinglæva
notes
[4] Himinglæva: See Notes to Þul Sjóvar 4 [All] and ESk Frag 17/2.
mar ‘the horse’
(not checked:)
2. marr (noun m.): horse
kennings
mar Vimrar.‘the horse of Vimur. ’
= SHIP
the horse of Vimur. → SHIP
notes
[4] mar Vimrar ‘the horse of Vimur <river> [SHIP]’: Vimur is the name of a river in Old Norse myth (see Note to Þul Á 1/3).
Vimrar ‘of Vimur’
(not checked:)
Vimur (noun f.): Vimur
kennings
mar Vimrar.‘the horse of Vimur. ’
= SHIP
the horse of Vimur. → SHIP
notes
[4] mar Vimrar ‘the horse of Vimur <river> [SHIP]’: Vimur is the name of a river in Old Norse myth (see Note to Þul Á 1/3).
Hrǫnn ‘Hrǫnn’
(not checked:)
hrǫnn (noun f.; °; dat. -um): wave
notes
[5] Hrǫnn: See Notes to Þul Sjóvar 4 [All] and 4/3.
dregr ‘pulls’
(not checked:)
2. draga (verb; °dregr; dró, drógu; dreginn/droget(Hirð NKS 1642 4° 146v²⁹; cf. [$962$])): drag, pull, draw
ór ‘from’
(not checked:)
3. ór (prep.): out of
grunni ‘the bottom of the sea’
(not checked:)
1. grunnr (noun m.): bottom, shallows
gadd ‘the anchor-fluke’
(not checked:)
gadd (noun n.): [anchor-fluke]
svelr ‘becomes cold’
(not checked:)
2. svala (verb): become cold
Blóðughadda ‘Blóðughadda’
(not checked:)
Blóðughadda (noun f.): Blóðughadda
notes
[6] Blóðughadda: See Notes to Þul Sjóvar 4 [All], 4/8 and ESk Frag 17/5.
elg ‘the elk’
(not checked:)
elgr (noun m.; °-s; -ir/-ar): elk
kennings
elg egghúfs‘the elk of the sharp-edged hull ’
= SHIP
the elk of the sharp-edged hull → SHIP
notes
[7, 8] elg egghúfs ‘the elk of the sharp-edged hull [SHIP]’: The exact sense of egg- in egghúfr is not clear. As a first element in compounds, egg- usually means ‘(sharp) edge (of a weapon)’ (LP: egg f. 2). That meaning has been adopted in the present edn, in which ‘sharp-edged’ is taken to refer to a specific part of the hull, perhaps where the hull tapers to the prow. Cf. meginhúfr lit. ‘main strake’ (the strongest strake in the hull) and róðrarhúfr ‘lit. ‘rowing-strake’ (the strake in the hull where the oarports were). According to LP: egghúfr, egg- might also refer to the oval shape of a ship’s hull (hence from ON egg n. ‘egg’), which is hardly appropriate in the present context. For elgr ‘elk’, see Note to ESk Lv 7/3.
venr ‘accustom’
(not checked:)
2. venja (verb): accustom, train
notes
[7] venr ‘accustom’: Lit. ‘accustoms’ (3rd pers. sg. pres. indic.); the verb is in the sg. but has a coordinate subject.
Uðr ‘Uðr’
(not checked:)
Uðr (noun m.): Uðr
notes
[7] Uðr; Kólga: See Notes to Þul Sjóvar 4 [All], 4/3 and ESk Frag 17/3 (Unnar), 17/6.
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
Kolga ‘Kólga’
(not checked:)
kolga (noun f.): breaker, wave
notes
[7] Uðr; Kólga: See Notes to Þul Sjóvar 4 [All], 4/3 and ESk Frag 17/3 (Unnar), 17/6.
egg ‘of the sharp-edged’
(not checked:)
1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade < egghúfr (noun m.): [sharp-edged hull]
kennings
elg egghúfs‘the elk of the sharp-edged hull ’
= SHIP
the elk of the sharp-edged hull → SHIP
notes
[7, 8] elg egghúfs ‘the elk of the sharp-edged hull [SHIP]’: The exact sense of egg- in egghúfr is not clear. As a first element in compounds, egg- usually means ‘(sharp) edge (of a weapon)’ (LP: egg f. 2). That meaning has been adopted in the present edn, in which ‘sharp-edged’ is taken to refer to a specific part of the hull, perhaps where the hull tapers to the prow. Cf. meginhúfr lit. ‘main strake’ (the strongest strake in the hull) and róðrarhúfr ‘lit. ‘rowing-strake’ (the strake in the hull where the oarports were). According to LP: egghúfr, egg- might also refer to the oval shape of a ship’s hull (hence from ON egg n. ‘egg’), which is hardly appropriate in the present context. For elgr ‘elk’, see Note to ESk Lv 7/3.
húfs ‘hull’
(not checked:)
húfr (noun m.; °dat. -i): hull < egghúfr (noun m.): [sharp-edged hull]
kennings
elg egghúfs‘the elk of the sharp-edged hull ’
= SHIP
the elk of the sharp-edged hull → SHIP
notes
[7, 8] elg egghúfs ‘the elk of the sharp-edged hull [SHIP]’: The exact sense of egg- in egghúfr is not clear. As a first element in compounds, egg- usually means ‘(sharp) edge (of a weapon)’ (LP: egg f. 2). That meaning has been adopted in the present edn, in which ‘sharp-edged’ is taken to refer to a specific part of the hull, perhaps where the hull tapers to the prow. Cf. meginhúfr lit. ‘main strake’ (the strongest strake in the hull) and róðrarhúfr ‘lit. ‘rowing-strake’ (the strake in the hull where the oarports were). According to LP: egghúfr, egg- might also refer to the oval shape of a ship’s hull (hence from ON egg n. ‘egg’), which is hardly appropriate in the present context. For elgr ‘elk’, see Note to ESk Lv 7/3.
við ‘to’
(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against
glym ‘din’
(not checked:)
glymr (noun m.): noise
Dúfu ‘Dúfa’s’
(not checked:)
1. dúfa (noun f.; °-u; -ur, gen. -na): billow, wave
notes
[8] Dúfu ‘Dúfa’s’: See Notes to Þul Sjóvar 4 [All] and ESk Frag 17/4.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Drǫfn washes the prow where the stream-following Bylgja rinses the stem; Hefring breaks and Himinglæva shakes the horse of Vimur <river> [SHIP]. The green Hrǫnn pulls the anchor-fluke from the bottom of the sea; Blóðughadda becomes cold; Uðr and Kólga accustom the elk of the sharp-edged hull [SHIP] to Dúfa’s din.
[5-6]: (a) The present interpretation follows Skj B. Gaddr ‘anchor-fluke’ (l. 6) occurs in the same meaning in ÞjóðA Har 6/7II af gaddi digrum ‘at the stout anchor-fluke’. (b) In LP, gaddr is interpreted as ‘ice’ and taken as the object of the verb svelja (svelr) ‘become cold’ so that the clause has a different subject: Blodughadda bevirker ved sin kulde is (på søen) ‘Blóðughadda is causing with its coolness ice [to form] on the surface (of the sea)’. The latter explanation not only causes difficulties for the interpretation of the preceding line, but it is also not in keeping with the syntactic structure of the couplets in this stanza, in which no single line constitutes a complete clause. (c) Kock (NN §2159) suggests another interpretation of l. 6. Because the verb svelja ‘become cold’ in Blóðughadda svelr is intransitive, he maintains that the better reading is Blóðughadda svellr ‘Blóðughadda swells’ (cf. hafit svellr, sær svellr ‘the sea swells’, see LP: svella). However, the verb svelja is also used intransitively in SnSt Ht 35/7III húfar svǫlðu ‘the hulls became cool’, and that construction has been adopted in the present edn.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.