Þul Þorgþ I 1III
Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Þorgrímsþula I 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 670.
Hrafn ‘Hrafn’
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Hrafn (noun m.): Hrafn
notes
[1] Hrafn: Lit. ‘raven’ (m.). According to Skm (SnE 1998, I, 58), Ynglinga saga (ch. 29, ÍF 26, 57) and Anon Kálfv 3/1 (see Note there), Hrafn was the horse King Aðils took from King Áli after having defeated him in battle. The name is also listed in Þul Hesta 3/2 and is frequently used as a base-word in kennings for ‘ship’.
notes
[1] Sleipnir: Lit. ‘one who slips, moves quickly’, from the adj. sleipr ‘slippery’. Óðinn’s eight-footed stallion, offspring of Loki and the stallion Svaðilfari, and known from a number of poetic and prose sources (e.g. Grí 44/5, Sigrdr 15/7, Gylf, SnE 2005, 17, 34-5, 46 and Skm, SnE 1998, I, 20). The name is also found in Þul Hesta 1/6 and it is used in skaldic kennings (see LP: Sleipnir).
hestar ‘horses’
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hestr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): horse, stallion
ágætir ‘splendid’
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ágætr (adj.; °compar. ágǽtari/ágǽtri, superl. ágǽtastr/ágǽztr): excellent
Valr ‘Valr’
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Valr (noun m.; °; -ir): Valr, ?horse
notes
[3] Valr: Lit. ‘falcon’ (m.). According to Anon Kálfv 2/1, this horse belonged to a legendary person named Vésteinn (see also Þul Hesta 2/2). Like Hrafn (l. 1 above), this horse-heiti frequently occurs as a base-word in kennings for ‘ship’.
Léttfeti ‘Léttfeti’
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Léttfeti (noun m.)
notes
[3] Léttfeti: Lit. ‘light-pacer’, from the adj. léttr ‘light’ and an agent noun from the strong verb feta ‘step’ or fet n. ‘pace, step’. This is one of the horses owned by the Æsir (Gylf, SnE 2005, 17; Grí 30/5). Like the other horse-names mentioned in this stanza, it is also recorded in Þul Hesta (st. 2/1). It is not used in skaldic kennings, but in the rímur it is a heiti for ‘horse’ in general (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: léttfeti).
vas ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[4] vas þar (‘var þar’): ‘vardar’ Tˣ
Tjaldari ‘Tjaldari’
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Tjaldari (noun m.)
notes
[4] Tjaldari: Lit. ‘ambler’ (m.), most likely a loanword in Old Norse (< OS telderi, cf. OHG zeltari, ModGer. Zelter ‘palfrey’; see AEW: tjaldari). The name is also listed in Þul Hesta 2/6 but does not occur elsewhere.
Gulltoppr ‘Gulltoppr’
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Gulltoppr (noun m.)
notes
[5] Gulltoppr: Lit. ‘gold-forelock’ (m.), the horse of the god Heimdallr in Old Norse myth (see Gylf, SnE 2005, 17, 25, 47). Gulltoppr is also recorded in the list of horses that belong to the Æsir in Grí 30/5 (NK 63): Gulltoppr oc Léttfeti ‘Gulltoppr and Léttfeti’. The name is included in Þul Hesta 1/3 but not otherwise used in skaldic verse.
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
Goti ‘Goti’
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Goti (noun m.; °-a; -ar/-nar): person (or horse) from Gotland
notes
[5] Goti: Gunnarr Gjúkason’s horse (cf. Note to Anon Kálfv 4/7). Perhaps originally ‘Gothic horse’ (so SnE 1998, II, 292), or derived directly from the strong verb gjóta ‘pour, spawn’ (see AEW: goti). In poetry the word is a heiti for ‘horse’ in general (see also Þul Hesta 1/7).
getit ‘mentioned’
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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love
Sóta ‘Sóti’
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sóti (noun m.; °-a): steed, Sóti
notes
[6] Sóta ‘Sóti’: From sót n. ‘soot’ (hence, ‘soot-coloured one’). Sóti is also the name of various characters in the fornaldarsögur. As a poetic term for ‘horse’ the word is frequently used as a base-word in kennings for ‘ship’ and ‘wolf’, but it is not included in the list of horse-heiti in Þul Hesta.
notes
[7] Mór: Lit. ‘brown one’ (m.), cf. mórauðr ‘yellow-brown (sheep)’ (CVC: mó-rauðr). In Anon Kálfv 2/3 Mór is the name of a horse that belongs to Meinþjófr (see Note there). See also Þul Hesta 3/8.
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
notes
[7] Lungr: Perhaps ‘swift one’ (m.); cf. OE lung, OHG lungar ‘swift’ (AEW: lungr; NN §2157A). Other than in Þorgrímsþula, the name is included in Þul Hesta 2/4, and it is used as a heiti for ‘horse’ in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: lungr).
notes
[7] Mari ‘Marr’: Otherwise used as a common noun (marr m. ‘steed’; mari is dat. sg.), a poetic word frequently found in skaldic verse (see also in Þul Hesta 3/7), but here evidently a proper name.
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In ms. A, a heading written in red ink (hersta hæiti ‘names of horses’) precedes the introductory statement Þæssir ærv hæstar taldir i Þorgrims þvlv ‘These are the horses enumerated in Þorgrímr’s þula’.
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